комплексная реабилитация

ɆɈȾȿɅɖ ɄɈɆɉɅȿɄɋɇɈɃ ɊȿȺȻɂɅɂɌȺɐɂɂ ɂɇȼȺɅɂȾɈȼ ȼ ɊɈɋɋɂɃɋɄɈɃ ɎȿȾȿɊȺɐɂɂ

ɬɨɥɤɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɞɢɚɝɧɨɫɬɢɤɢ ɩɨɥɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɢɦɨ ɢ ɤ ɢɧɜɚɥɢɞɚɦ ɩɨ ɡɪɟɧɢɸ.

ȿɫɬɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɜ ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɞɢɚɝɧɨɫɬɢɤɟ ɢɧɜɚɥɢɞɚ ɩɨ ɡɪɟɧɢɸ ɩɪɢɨɪɢɬɟɬ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɨɬɜɨɞɢɬɶɫɹ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɧɨɦɭ ɜɵɲɟ (ɫɦ. ɜɬɨɪɭɸ ɝɥɚɜɭ) ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɦɭ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɭ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦ ɭɱɢɬɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɷɜɨɥɸɰɢɸ ɜɡɝɥɹɞɨɜ ɧɚ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦ ɢɧɜɚɥɢɞɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɵɟ ɜ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɟ ɝɨɞɵ ɦɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɵɟ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɵ ɈɈɇ ɢ ȼɈɁ, ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɧɚ ɩɟɪɟɞɨɜɨɦ ɦɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɨɦ, ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɢɫɥɟ ɟɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɤɨɦ, ɨɩɵɬɟ.12

Ɇɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɚɹ ɤɥɚɫɫɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɹ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɢɣ ɠɢɡɧɟɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɡɞɨɪɨɜɶɹ» (ɆɄɎ), ɭɬɜɟɪɠɞɺɧɧɚɹ ȼɈɁ13, ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɜɵɫɬɪɨɢɬɶ ɫɬɪɚɬɟɝɢɸ ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɞɢɚɝɧɨɫɬɢɤɢ ɫ ɭɱɟɬɨɦ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɢɹ ɠɢɡɧɟɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɭɱɢɬɵɜɚɬɶ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɵ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɟɣ ɫɪɟɞɵ (ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɢ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɨɛɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɚ, ɫɪɟɞɚ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɣ ɢ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɨɤ) ɢ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɧɵɟ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɵ, ɜɥɢɹɸɳɢɟ ɧɚ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɢ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɢɹ ɠɢɡɧɟɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ. ɒɢɪɨɤɨɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɜ ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɞɢɚɝɧɨɫɬɢɤɟ ɆɄɎ, ɤɚɤ ɤɥɚɫɫɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ, ɞɥɹ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɨɬɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɢɹ ɠɢɡɧɟɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ, ɞɟɥɚɟɬ ɷɬɭ ɞɢɚɝɧɨɫɬɢɤɭ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɣ.

Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɜ ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɞɢɚɝɧɨɫɬɢɤɟ ɢɧɜɚɥɢɞɨɜ ɩɨ ɡɪɟɧɢɸ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɭɱɢɬɵɜɚɬɶ ɞɜɚ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɯ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ. ɋ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ, ɷɬɨ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɹɳɢɟ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟ, ɤɨɬɨɪɨɟ ɢ ɜ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ ɧɚɱɢɧɚɟɬ ɭɱɢɬɵɜɚɬɶ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ ɥɢɰ ɫ ɝɥɭɛɨɤɢɦ ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɟɦ ɡɪɟɧɢɹ, ɢɡɦɟɧɹɹ, ɜ ɱɚɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ, ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɭɸ ɫɪɟɞɭ ɫ ɭɱɟɬɨɦ ɢɯ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɨɜ, ɪɟɲɚɹ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɵ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɡɚɳɢɬɵ, ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɨɣ ɢ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɨɫɬɢ. ɋ ɞɪɭɝɨɣ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ, ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɸɬɫɹ ɢ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɵ ɜ ɫɚɦɢɯ ɢɧɜɚɥɢɞɚɯ, ɩɵɬɚɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɩɪɢɫɩɨɫɨɛɢɬɶɫɹ ɤ ɠɢɡɧɢ ɧɟ ɜ ɢɡɨɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɦ, ɚ ɜ ɨɬɤɪɵɬɨɦ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟ, ɧɨ ɢ ɡɚɧɹɬɶ ɜ ɧɟɣ ɞɨɫɬɨɣɧɨɟ ɦɟɫɬɨ.

Ɂɚɥɨɝɨɦ ɭɫɩɟɲɧɨɣ ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɢ ɢɧɜɚɥɢɞɨɜ ɩɨ ɡɪɟɧɢɸ (ɤɚɤ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɤɚɬɟɝɨɪɢɣ ɥɢɰ ɫ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɹɦɢ ɡɞɨɪɨɜɶɹ), ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɵɣ ɩɨɞɯɨɞ ɜ ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɞɢɚɝɧɨɫɬɢɤɟ. ɗɬɨɬ ɩɨɞɯɨɞ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɬ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɭ ɂɉɊ ɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɯ ɜɢɞɨɜ ɞɢɚɝɧɨɫɬɢɤ:

x ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɫɤɨɣ;

12Ɋɟɱɶ ɢɞɺɬ ɨ Ʉɨɧɜɟɧɰɢɢ ɈɈɇ ɨ ɩɪɚɜɚɯ ɢɧɜɚɥɢɞɨɜ ɢ ɆɄɎ.

13www.who.int/classifications/icf/site/onlinebrowser/icf.cfm

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ɆɈȾȿɅɖ ɄɈɆɉɅȿɄɋɇɈɃ ɊȿȺȻɂɅɂɌȺɐɂɂ ɂɇȼȺɅɂȾɈȼ ȼ ɊɈɋɋɂɃɋɄɈɃ ɎȿȾȿɊȺɐɂɂ

xɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ;

xɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ;

xɩɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ;

xɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɥɹ ɜɡɪɨɫɥɵɯ (ɭɱɟɛɧɨɣ ɞɥɹ ɞɟɬɟɣ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɚ, ɢɝɪɨɜɨɣ ɞɥɹ ɞɟɬɟɣ ɩɪɟɞɞɨɲɤɨɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɞɨɲɤɨɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɚ);

xɫɪɟɞɨɜɨɣ (ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɛɚɪɶɟɪɨɜ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɟɣ ɫɪɟɞɵ).

ɉɪɢ ɩɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɨ-ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɞɢɚɝɧɨɫɬɢɤɟ ɪɟɛɺɧɤɚ-ɢɧɜɚɥɢɞɚ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬ ɬɚɤɢɟ ɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɢ, ɤɚɤ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɶ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ, ɪɚɛɨɬɨɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ, ɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɧɚɜɵɤɢ, ɫɬɟɩɟɧɶ ɨɫɜɨɟɧɢɹ ɭɱɟɛɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦ, ɨɰɟɧɢɜɚɸɬ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ, ɩɨɫɟɳɚɟɦɨɫɬɶ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɣ, ɜɡɚɢɦɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹ ɫ ɬɨɜɚɪɢɳɚɦɢ.

Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɵɣ ɩɨɞɯɨɞ ɜ ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɞɢɚɝɧɨɫɬɢɤɟ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɜɫɟɫɬɨɪɨɧɧɟ ɨɰɟɧɢɬɶ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ ɡɞɨɪɨɜɶɹ ɢɧɜɚɥɢɞɚ, ɟɝɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ, ɞɭɲɟɜɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ, ɫɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɚɞɚɩɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɧɚɜɵɤɨɜ, ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɩɪɢɬɹɡɚɧɢɣ, ɛɚɪɶɟɪɨɜ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɟɣ ɟɝɨ ɫɪɟɞɵ ɜɨ ɜɫɟɦ ɟɟ ɦɧɨɝɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɨɦ ɩɪɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɢ. ɉɪɢɱɟɦ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɵɣ ɩɨɞɯɨɞ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɞɟɥɚɬɶ ɷɬɨ ɫ ɭɱɟɬɨɦ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɧɵɯ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɧɬɨɜ ɢ ɜɟɞɭɳɟɝɨ ɜɢɞɚ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɞɢɚɝɧɨɫɬɢɤɢ (ɢɝɪɨɜɚɹ, ɭɱɟɛɧɚɹ, ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɚɹ).

Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɵ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɦɢ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɞɢɚɝɧɨɫɬɢɤɟ ɢɧɜɚɥɢɞɨɜ ɩɨ ɡɪɟɧɢɸ:

xɍɜɚɠɟɧɢɟ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɧɬɚ ɢ ɟɝɨ ɩɪɚɜ.

xɍɱɚɫɬɢɟ ɫɚɦɨɝɨ ɢɧɜɚɥɢɞɚ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɜ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɟ ɂɉɊ, ɧɨ ɢ ɜɵɛɨɪɟ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɞɢɚɝɧɨɫɬɢɤ (ɭɱɚɫɬɢɟ ɪɨɞɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɢɥɢ ɡɚɤɨɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɩɪɢ ɞɢɚɝɧɨɫɬɢɤɟ ɞɟɬɟɣ).

xȼɵɹɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɢɧɜɚɥɢɞɚ ɢɥɢ, ɟɫɥɢ ɷɬɨ ɪɟɛɟɧɨɤ, ɡɚɩɪɨɫɨɜ ɫɟɦɶɢ ɢɥɢ ɡɚɤɨɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɟɥɟɣ.

xɇɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɞɢɚɝɧɨɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ ɧɚ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɜ, ɩɪɟɩɹɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɧɟɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɣ ɠɢɡɧɢ ɢɧɜɚɥɢɞɚ ɩɨ ɡɪɟɧɢɸ (ɩɪɟɩɹɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɧɨɪɦɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɪɟɛɟɧɤɚ) ɢ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɟ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɨɰɟɧɤɟ ɪɟɚɥɢɛɢɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɚ.

xɍɱɟɬ ɨɛɳɢɯ ɢ ɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɩɫɢɯɨɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɞɟɬɟɣ, ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɯ ɫ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɧɵɦɢ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɚɦɢ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ.

xɉɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨɟ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɞɢɚɝɧɨɫɬɢɤɢ, ɤɚɤ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɝɨ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɹ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɂɉɊ ɢ ɫɚɦɢɯ

ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ.

Ⱦɥɹ ɭɫɩɟɲɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ ɫ ɢɧɜɚɥɢɞɨɦ ɩɨ ɡɪɟɧɢɸ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵ ɩɨɞɪɨɛɧɚɹ ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɫɤɚɹ ɞɢɚɝɧɨɫɬɢɤɚ,

209

ɆɈȾȿɅɖ ɄɈɆɉɅȿɄɋɇɈɃ ɊȿȺȻɂɅɂɌȺɐɂɂ ɂɇȼȺɅɂȾɈȼ ȼ ɊɈɋɋɂɃɋɄɈɃ ɎȿȾȿɊȺɐɂɂ

ɩɪɟɞɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɚɹ ɫɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɨ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɢ ɜɫɟɯ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɡɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɣ. ɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɚɦ ɢ ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɨɥɨɝɚɦ ɨɱɟɧɶ ɜɚɠɧɨ ɢɦɟɬɶ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɨɛ ɨɫɬɪɨɬɟ ɡɪɟɧɢɹ ɢɧɜɚɥɢɞɚ ɜɞɚɥɶ ɢ ɜɛɥɢɡɢ, ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɚɰɢɢ ɩɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ ɨɩɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɤɨɪɪɟɤɰɢɢ ɡɪɟɧɢɹ (ɨɱɤɢ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨɝɨ ɧɨɲɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɧɚ ɛɥɢɡɤɨɦ ɪɚɫɫɬɨɹɧɢɢ, ɥɭɩɵ, ɦɨɧɨɤɥɢ, ɛɢɧɨɤɥɢ). ɉɪɢ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɮɨɪɦɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɡɪɟɧɢɹ ɞɥɹ ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɨɥɨɝɚ ɜɟɫɶɦɚ ɰɟɧɧɨ ɫɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɨ ɬɨɦ, ɢɦɟɟɬ ɥɢ ɢɧɜɚɥɢɞ ɫɜɟɬɨɨɳɭɳɟɧɢɟ, ɢɦɟɟɬ ɨɧɨ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɭɸ ɢɥɢ ɧɟɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɭɸ ɩɪɨɟɤɰɢɸ. ɉɪɢ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɢ ɭ ɢɧɜɚɥɢɞɚ ɫɜɟɬɨɨɳɭɳɟɧɢɹ ɫ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɟɤɰɢɟɣ ɟɝɨ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɧɚɭɱɢɬɶ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɷɬɨɬ ɨɫɬɚɬɨɤ ɡɪɟɧɢɹ ɞɥɹ ɨɪɢɟɧɬɢɪɨɜɤɢ ɜ ɛɵɬɭ ɢ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɟ (ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤ ɫ ɬɚɤɢɦ ɡɪɟɧɢɟɦ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɩɨ ɫɜɟɬɥɵɦ ɩɹɬɧɚɦ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɚɬɶ ɨɤɧɚ ɜ ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɹɯ, ɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɢɜɚɬɶ ɫɜɟɬɥɵɟ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɵ ɧɚ ɬɟɦɧɨɣ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɧɚɨɛɨɪɨɬ, ɢ ɬ.ɩ.).

ɂɫɯɨɞɹ ɢɡ ɜɵɲɟɫɤɚɡɚɧɧɨɝɨ, ɞɥɹ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɚ ɢ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ (ɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ) ɂɉɊ ɞɥɹ ɜɡɪɨɫɥɨɝɨ ɢɧɜɚɥɢɞɚ ɩɨ ɡɪɟɧɢɸ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɤɚɤ ɦɢɧɢɦɭɦ ɢɦɟɬɶ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɣ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫ ɫɜɟɞɟɧɢɣ:

x ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ ɨɪɝɚɧɚ ɡɪɟɧɢɹ (ɞɢɚɝɧɨɡ ɡɚɛɨɥɟɜɚɧɢɹ, ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ ɡɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɣ, ɩɪɨɝɧɨɡ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɢɯ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɢ – ɫɬɚɛɢɥɶɧɨɟ, ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ ɱɚɫɬɢɱɧɨɟ ɭɥɭɱɲɟɧɢɟ ɢɥɢ ɧɟɦɢɧɭɟɦɨɟ ɭɯɭɞɲɟɧɢɟ ɜɩɥɨɬɶ ɞɨ ɩɨɥɧɨɣ ɫɥɟɩɨɬɵ);

xɜɨɡɪɚɫɬ ɧɚɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɹ ɢɧɜɚɥɢɞɧɨɫɬɢ;

xɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɡɚɛɨɥɟɜɚɧɢɹ;

xɩɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ ɢ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɧɵɟ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ (ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɢɫɥɟ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟ ɤ ɫɜɨɟɦɭ ɞɟɮɟɤɬɭ ɢ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɩɪɢɬɹɡɚɧɢɣ);

xɫɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɧɚɜɵɤɨɜ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨ-ɛɵɬɨɜɨɣ ɚɞɚɩɬɚɰɢɢ;

xɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɢ ɫɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɚɜɵɤɨɜ ɨɪɢɟɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɟ ɢ ɦɨɛɢɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ;

xɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ;

xɩɨɬɪɟɛɧɨɫɬɢ ɢɧɜɚɥɢɞɚ, ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɢɫɥɟ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɬɢɮɥɨɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚɯ ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɢ (ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɢɧɜɚɥɢɞɚ ɞɨɫɬɢɝɚɟɬɫɹ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɟɝɨ ɥɢɱɧɨɟ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɟ ɭɱɚɫɬɢɟ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɞɢɚɝɧɨɫɬɢɤɢ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɩɚɪɬɧɺɪɚ ɢ ɱɥɟɧɚ ɦɭɥɶɬɢɞɢɫɰɢɩɥɢɧɚɪɧɨɣ ɤɨɦɚɧɞɵ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɨɜ, ɩɪɨɜɨɞɹɳɢɯ ɞɢɚɝɧɨɫɬɢɤɭ);

xɨɩɵɬ ɬɪɭɞɨɜɨɣ ɢ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ;

xɜɡɚɢɦɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹ ɢɧɜɚɥɢɞɚ ɫ ɱɥɟɧɚɦɢ ɫɟɦɶɢ.

Ȼɨɥɶɲɚɹ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɥɢɰ, ɹɜɥɹɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɢɧɜɚɥɢɞɚɦɢ ɩɨ ɡɪɟɧɢɸ ɫ ɞɟɬɫɬɜɚ, ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɬɚɤɨɜɵɦɢ ɫ ɪɚɧɧɟɝɨ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɚ. Ʉɚɤ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɨ ɪɚɧɧɢɣ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɫɟɧɫɢɬɢɜɧɵɦ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɨɦ ɜ ɠɢɡɧɢ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ. ɇɟ ɨɤɚɡɚɧɢɟ ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɭɝ ɜ ɷɬɨɬ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɢɥɢ ɨɤɚɡɚɧɢɟ ɜ ɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨɦ

210

ɆɈȾȿɅɖ ɄɈɆɉɅȿɄɋɇɈɃ ɊȿȺȻɂɅɂɌȺɐɂɂ ɂɇȼȺɅɂȾɈȼ ȼ ɊɈɋɋɂɃɋɄɈɃ ɎȿȾȿɊȺɐɂɂ

ɨɛɴɟɦɟ ɧɚɧɨɫɢɬ ɛɨɥɶɲɨɣ ɜɪɟɞ ɪɟɛɟɧɤɭ: ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɩɨ ɜɫɟɦ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɹɦ ɡɚɞɟɪɠɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɟɝɨ ɩɫɢɯɨɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ, ɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɸɬɫɹ ɫɬɪɚɯɢ (ɛɨɹɡɧɶ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɚ, ɛɨɹɡɧɶ ɜɫɟɝɨ ɧɨɜɨɝɨ).

Ɋɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɹ ɧɟɡɪɹɱɢɯ ɞɟɬɟɣ ɪɚɧɧɟɝɨ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɚ ɜ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ ɜ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɧɚɱɢɧɚɟɬ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ, ɩɨɦɨɳɶ ɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɟɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɢ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɜ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚɯ. ɂɦɟɧɧɨ ɩɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɚɹ ɞɢɚɝɧɨɫɬɢɤɚ ɞɟɬɟɣ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɚ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɚ ɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ. ɇɟɬ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɛɚɡɵ, ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɳɟɣ ɫɜɨɟɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨ ɜɵɹɜɥɹɬɶ ɞɟɬɟɣ ɫ ɝɥɭɛɨɤɢɦɢ ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɹɦɢ ɡɪɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɬɶ ɢɦ ɩɨɦɨɳɶ, ɚɞɟɤɜɚɬɧɭɸ ɢɯ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɹɦ. ȼ ɰɟɥɨɦ ɠɟ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚ ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɢ ɞɟɬɟɣ ɜ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɟ ɨɬ 0 ɞɨ 17 ɥɟɬ ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɛɚɡɢɪɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɧɚ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɯ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɫɜɟɞɟɧɢɹɯ:

x ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ ɨɪɝɚɧɚ ɡɪɟɧɢɹ (ɞɢɚɝɧɨɡ ɡɚɛɨɥɟɜɚɧɢɹ, ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ ɡɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɣ, ɩɪɨɝɧɨɡ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɢɯ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɢ – ɫɬɚɛɢɥɶɧɨɟ, ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ ɱɚɫɬɢɱɧɨɟ ɭɥɭɱɲɟɧɢɟ ɢɥɢ ɧɟɦɢɧɭɟɦɨɟ ɭɯɭɞɲɟɧɢɟ ɜɩɥɨɬɶ ɞɨ ɩɨɥɧɨɣ ɫɥɟɩɨɬɵ);

xɜɨɡɪɚɫɬ ɧɚɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɹ ɢɧɜɚɥɢɞɧɨɫɬɢ;

xɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɡɚɛɨɥɟɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɹ;

xɢɧɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɪɨɞɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɨ ɩɪɚɜɚɯ ɢ ɥɶɝɨɬɚɯ ɩɨ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɡɚɳɢɬɟ ɪɟɛɟɧɤɚ.

xɢɧɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɪɨɞɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɜ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɚɯ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɧɟɡɪɹɱɟɝɨ ɪɟɛɟɧɤɚ;

xɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟ ɤ ɪɟɛɟɧɤɭ ɜ ɫɟɦɶɟ (ɚɞɟɤɜɚɬɧɨɟ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟ ɤ ɪɟɛɟɧɤɭ ɫ ɝɚɪɦɨɧɢɱɧɵɦ ɢ ɞɨɜɟɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɫɬɢɥɟɦ ɨɛɳɟɧɢɹ, ɱɪɟɡɦɟɪɧɚɹ ɡɚɛɨɬɚ ɨ ɪɟɛɟɧɤɟ, ɱɪɟɡɦɟɪɧɨɟ ɩɨɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɪɨɞɢɬɟɥɹɦɢ ɢɥɢ ɨɞɧɢɦ ɢɡ ɪɨɞɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɫɜɨɟɝɨ ɪɟɛɟɧɤɚ, ɷɦɨɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɨɬɱɭɠɞɟɧɢɟ ɪɟɛɟɧɤɚ ɱɥɟɧɚɦɢ ɫɟɦɶɢ);

xɡɚɩɪɨɫɵ (ɩɨɬɪɟɛɧɨɫɬɢ) ɫɟɦɶɢ ɪɟɛɟɧɤɚ-ɢɧɜɚɥɢɞɚ ɩɨ ɡɪɟɧɢɸ;

xɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɨɛɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ (ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɫɟɧɫɨɪɧɨɣ ɫɮɟɪɵ, ɢɧɬɟɥɥɟɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ, ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ, ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɫɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɚɜɵɤɨɜ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨ-ɛɵɬɨɜɨɣ ɨɪɢɟɧɬɢɪɨɜɤɢ, ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɫɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɚɜɵɤɨɜ ɨɪɢɟɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɟ ɢ ɦɨɛɢɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ);

xɩɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɨɛɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ (ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɩɫɢɯɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɣ, ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɫɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɡɧɚɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ, ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɫɮɨɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɚɜɵɤɨɜ ɨɛɳɟɧɢɹ, ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɢɫɥɟ ɫ

ɧɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɨ ɜɢɞɹɳɢɦɢ ɫɜɟɪɫɬɧɢɤɚɦɢ).

ɇɚɭɤɨɣ ɢ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɨɣ ɞɚɜɧɨ ɞɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɭɫɩɟɯ ɩɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɨ-ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɤɨɪɪɟɤɰɢɢ ɞɟɬɟɣ ɫ ɡɚɛɨɥɟɜɚɧɢɹɦɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɚ ɡɪɟɧɢɹ, ɢɫɩɵɬɵɜɚɸɳɢɯ ɫ ɞɟɬɫɬɜɚ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɢɟ ɡɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɨɩɵɬɚ (ɞɟɩɪɢɜɚɰɢɸ), ɜɨ ɦɧɨɝɨɦ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ

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ɆɈȾȿɅɖ ɄɈɆɉɅȿɄɋɇɈɃ ɊȿȺȻɂɅɂɌȺɐɂɂ ɂɇȼȺɅɂȾɈȼ ȼ ɊɈɋɋɂɃɋɄɈɃ ɎȿȾȿɊȺɐɂɂ

ɜɪɟɦɟɧɟɦ ɟɟ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ, ɱɬɨ, ɜ ɫɜɨɸ ɨɱɟɪɟɞɶ, ɡɚɜɢɫɢɬ ɨɬ ɛɵɫɬɪɨɣ ɢ ɬɨɱɧɨɣ ɞɢɚɝɧɨɫɬɢɤɢɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɣɡɪɟɧɢɹ.

Ɋɚɧɧɟɟ ɜɵɹɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɩɚɬɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɡɪɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɜɨɜɪɟɦɹ ɧɚɡɧɚɱɢɬɶ ɚɞɟɤɜɚɬɧɭɸ ɜɪɚɱɟɛɧɭɸ ɢ ɨɤɚɡɚɬɶ ɩɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɨ-ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɩɨɦɨɳɶ. ɋɜɨɟɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɟ ɥɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɩɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɨ-ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɤɨɪɪɟɤɰɢɹ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɭɥɭɱɲɟɧɢɸ ɡɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɣ ɢ ɫɟɧɫɨɪɧɨ-ɩɟɪɰɟɩɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɪɟɛɟɧɤɚ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɩɪɟɞɭɩɪɟɠɞɚɸɬ ɜɬɨɪɢɱɧɵɟ ɨɬɤɥɨɧɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɟɝɨ ɤɨɝɧɢɬɢɜɧɨɦ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɢ.

1.Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɨɞɧɨɣ ɢɡ ɜɚɠɧɟɣɲɢɯ ɡɚɞɚɱ ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɞɢɚɝɧɨɫɬɢɤɢ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜɵɹɜɥɟɧɢɟ (ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɟ) ɧɚɥɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɩɨ ɜɫɟɦ ɜɚɠɧɵɦ ɞɥɹ ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɢ ɢɧɜɚɥɢɞɚ ɩɨ ɡɪɟɧɢɸ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɹɦ (ɞɥɹ ɪɟɛɟɧɤɚ ɷɬɨ ɡɨɧɚ ɚɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ) ɢ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ, ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɨɧ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɟɧ ɞɨɫɬɢɱɶ ɜ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɠɢɡɧɟɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɢ ɨɤɚɡɚɧɢɢ ɟɦɭ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɚ ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɉɟɪɜɢɱɧɚɹ ɛɟɫɟɞɚ ɫ ɪɨɞɢɬɟɥɹɦɢ ɢɥɢ ɢɯ ɡɚɤɨɧɧɵɦɢ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɟɥɹɦɢ.

ɂɡɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɢɯ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɜ ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɭɝɚɯ (ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɢɫɥɟ ɜ ɬɢɮɥɨɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚɯ ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɢ). ɂɡɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɰɢɢ: ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɫɤɨɣ, ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ (ɬɟɬɪɚɞɟɣ, ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɪɟɛɟɧɤɚ, ɩɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɨ-ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ, ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɪɟɛɟɧɤɭ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɟɦɢɬ.ɩ.).

2.ɉɟɪɜɢɱɧɨɟ ɬɢɮɥɨɩɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɨ-ɞɢɚɝɧɨɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɨɛɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ.

3.ɉɟɪɜɢɱɧɨɟ ɬɢɮɥɨɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɨ-ɞɢɚɝɧɨɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɨɛɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ.

4.Ɏɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɥɚɧɚ ɭɝɥɭɛɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɨ-ɞɢɚɝɧɨɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɨɛɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ (ɟɫɥɢɬɚɤɨɟɩɨɧɚɞɨɛɢɬɫɹ).

5.ɋɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɟɢɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨ-ɫɪɟɞɨɜɨɟɨɛɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ.

6.Ɏɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɝɧɨɡɚ ɢ ɨɰɟɧɤɚ ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɚ.

7.Ɏɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɨɣɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɢ.

8.ɉɨɜɬɨɪɧɵɟ ɭɝɥɭɛɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɨ-ɞɢɚɝɧɨɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɨɛɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹɢɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɟɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɟ.

Ʉɚɤ ɛɵɥɨ ɨɬɦɟɱɟɧɨ ɜɵɲɟ, ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɚɹ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɧɨ-ɨɪɢɟɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɚɹ ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɹ ɢɧɜɚɥɢɞɚ ɩɨ ɡɪɟɧɢɸ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɚ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɩɪɢ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɢ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɨɝɨ ɞɢɚɝɧɨɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɨɛɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ ɟɝɨ ɨɪɝɚɧɚ ɡɪɟɧɢɹ, ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɟɝɨ ɫɟɧɫɨɪɧɨɣ ɫɮɟɪɵ, ɢɧɬɟɥɥɟɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ, ɩɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ, ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɨɩɵɬɚ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɟɣ, ɜɥɢɹɸɳɢɯ ɧɚ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɵ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɢ ɥɢɰ ɫ ɝɥɭɛɨɤɢɦ ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɟɦ ɡɪɟɧɢɹ.

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ɆɈȾȿɅɖ ɄɈɆɉɅȿɄɋɇɈɃ ɊȿȺȻɂɅɂɌȺɐɂɂ ɂɇȼȺɅɂȾɈȼ ȼ ɊɈɋɋɂɃɋɄɈɃ ɎȿȾȿɊȺɐɂɂ

Ɋɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɚɹ ɞɢɚɝɧɨɫɬɢɤɚ ɜɡɪɨɫɥɵɯ ɢɧɜɚɥɢɞɨɜ ɩɨ ɡɪɟɧɢɸ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɭɸ ɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɤɭ, ɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɟɧɧɭɸ ɰɟɥɹɦɢ ɨɛɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɥɢɰ ɜ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɟ ɨɬ 18 ɞɨ35 ɥɟɬ, ɢ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɸɬɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɦɟɬɨɞɵ:

1.ɂɡɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɰɢɢ (ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɫɤɨɣ, ɦɟɞɢɤɨ-ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɬɢɡɵ ɢɞɪ.).

2.ɉɟɪɜɢɱɧɚɹ ɛɟɫɟɞɚ ɫ ɢɧɜɚɥɢɞɨɦ ɢ, ɩɨ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ, ɫ ɱɥɟɧɚɦɢ ɟɝɨ ɫɟɦɶɢ, ɜɤɥɸɱɚɹ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɢɧɜɚɥɢɞɚ (ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɢɫɥɟ ɜ ɬɢɮɥɨɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚɯɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɢ).

3.ɉɟɪɜɢɱɧɨɟ ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɨ-ɞɢɚɝɧɨɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɨɛɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ, ɜɤɥɸɱɚɹ ɩɫɢɯɨɞɢɚɝɧɨɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟɨɛɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ14.

4.ɋɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɟɢɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨ-ɫɪɟɞɨɜɨɟɨɛɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ.

5.ɉɟɪɜɢɱɧɨɟɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɟɚɧɤɟɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟɢɬɟɫɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ.

6.Ɏɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɥɚɧɚ ɭɝɥɭɛɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɨ-ɞɢɚɝɧɨɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɨɛɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ.

7.Ɉɰɟɧɤɚ ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɚ ɢ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨɩɪɨɝɧɨɡɚ.

8.Ɏɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɨɣɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɢ.

9.ɉɨɜɬɨɪɧɵɟ ɭɝɥɭɛɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɨ-ɞɢɚɝɧɨɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɨɛɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɬɟɫɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɟɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɟ. 15

Ɍɨɥɶɤɨ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫ ɫɜɟɞɟɧɢɣ ɨɛ ɢɧɜɚɥɢɞɟ, ɜɤɥɸɱɚɸɳɢɣ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɜɢɞɨɜ ɟɝɨ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ, ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨ-ɛɵɬɨɜɨɝɨ, ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨ-ɫɪɟɞɨɜɨɝɨ, ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨ-ɬɪɭɞɨɜɨɝɨ ɨɛɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɜɢɞɨɜ ɬɟɫɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɧɬɚ, ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɟɜ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɹ ɢ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɢɣ ɠɢɡɧɟɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ, ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɢ ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɚ ɢ ɧɟ ɮɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɨ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɬɶ ɂɉɊ.

Ɋɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɢɦ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɡɧɚɱɢɦɵɯ ɞɥɹ ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɢ ɢɧɜɚɥɢɞɨɜ ɩɨ ɡɪɟɧɢɸ ɫɜɟɞɟɧɢɣ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɨɥɨɝɚɦ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɬɶ, ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɹ ɩɟɪɟɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɜɵɲɟ ɦɟɬɨɞɵ. Ɂɚɦɟɬɢɦ, ɱɬɨ ɤɚɠɞɵɣ ɢɡ ɷɬɢɯ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɨɜɵɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɭ ɫɜɨɢɯ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ (ɛɟɫɟɞɚ, ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɟ, ɬɟɫɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ, ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɯɨɞɚ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɞɢɚɝɧɨɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɣ ɢ ɬ.ɩ.), ɡɚɞɚɧɢɣ, ɬɟɫɬɨɜ, ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɣ.

14Ⱥɧɤɟɬɚ ɫɭɛɴɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɩɫɢɯɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɡɞɨɪɨɜɶɹ ɢɧɜɚɥɢɞɨɜ ɩɨ ɡɪɟɧɢɸ (ɩɟɪɜɢɱɧɨɟ ɨɛɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ) /Ȼɟɥɢɧɫɤɢɣ Ⱥ.ȼ., Ɇɨɦɨɬ ȼ.Ⱥ. ɉɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɢɧɜɚɥɢɞɨɜ ɩɨ ɡɪɟɧɢɸ: Ɇɨɧɨɝɪɚɮɢɹ/ Ɇ.: Ɋɂɐ ɆȽɈɉɍ ɢɦ Ɇ.Ⱥ. ɒɨɥɨɯɨɜɚ, 2006, ɋ. 165-171/

15Ⱥɧɤɟɬɚ ɫɭɛɴɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɩɫɢɯɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɡɞɨɪɨɜɶɹ ɢɧɜɚɥɢɞɨɜ ɩɨ ɡɪɟɧɢɸ (ɩɨɜɬɨɪɧɨɟ ɨɛɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ) /Ȼɟɥɢɧɫɤɢɣ Ⱥ.ȼ., Ɇɨɦɨɬ ȼ.Ⱥ. ɉɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɢɧɜɚɥɢɞɨɜ ɩɨ ɡɪɟɧɢɸ. Ɇɨɧɨɝɪɚɮɢɹ/ Ɇ.: Ɋɂɐ ɆȽɈɉɍ ɢɦ Ɇ.Ⱥ. ɒɨɥɨɯɨɜɚ, 2006, ɋ. 172-179.

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Ⱦɚɧɧɵɟ ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɫɤɨɣ ɞɢɚɝɧɨɫɬɢɤɢ, ɩɪɟɠɞɟ ɜɫɟɝɨ, ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɨɬɪɚɠɚɬɶ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɡɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɣ ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɢɪɭɟɦɨɝɨ: ɨɫɬɪɨɬɭ ɡɪɟɧɢɹ, ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɥɹ ɡɪɟɧɢɹ, ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ ɫɜɟɬɨɜɨɣ ɢ ɬɟɦɧɨɜɨɣ ɚɞɚɩɬɚɰɢɢ, ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɰɜɟɬɨɜɨɝɨ ɡɪɟɧɢɹ, ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪ ɡɪɟɧɢɹ (ɛɢɧɨɤɭɥɹɪɧɵɣ, ɨɞɧɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɣ, ɦɨɧɨɤɭɥɹɪɧɵɣ). Ȼɨɥɶɲɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɞɥɹ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɬɨɱɧɵɣ ɞɢɚɝɧɨɡ ɡɚɛɨɥɟɜɚɧɢɹ ɨɪɝɚɧɚ ɡɪɟɧɢɹ. Ɇɟɞɢɰɢɧɫɤɚɹ ɞɢɚɝɧɨɫɬɢɤɚ ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɨɬɪɚɠɚɬɶ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɚɰɢɢ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɨɩɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ ɤɨɪɪɟɤɰɢɢ ɡɪɟɧɢɹ (ɨɱɤɨɜ, ɥɭɩ, ɦɨɧɨɤɭɥɹɪɨɜ), ɢɯ ɜɢɞɨɜ (ɫɬɪɨɱɧɵɟ, ɧɚɥɨɛɧɵɟ, ɧɚ ɫɬɨɣɤɟ, ɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɧɵɟ, ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɵɟ ɢ ɬ.ɞ.).

Ʉɪɨɦɟ ɬɨɝɨ, ɜɫɟ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɵ (ɜɪɚɱ-ɨɮɬɚɥɶɦɨɥɨɝ, ɬɢɮɥɨɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢ, ɬɢɮɥɨɩɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɢ, ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɪɚɛɨɬɧɢɤɢ ɢ ɞɪ.), ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɳɢɟ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɭ ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɢ, ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɭɱɢɬɵɜɚɬɶ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɡɚɛɨɥɟɜɚɧɢɹ ɨɪɝɚɧɚ ɡɪɟɧɢɹ. Ɉɛ ɷɬɨɦ, ɤɚɤ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɨ, ɦɨɠɧɨ ɫɭɞɢɬɶ ɩɨ ɞɢɚɝɧɨɡɭ ɡɚɛɨɥɟɜɚɧɢɹ ɨɪɝɚɧɚ ɡɪɟɧɢɹ.

x ɤ ɛɨɥɟɡɧɹɦ, ɩɪɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɫɬɚɛɢɥɶɧɨɟ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ ɡɪɟɧɢɹ;

xɤ ɛɨɥɟɡɧɹɦ, ɩɪɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ ɭɥɭɱɲɟɧɢɟ ɡɪɟɧɢɹ;

xɤ ɛɨɥɟɡɧɹɦ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɨɬɧɨɫɹɬɫɹ ɤ ɩɪɨɝɪɟɫɫɢɪɭɸɳɢɦ ɢ ɜɟɞɭɳɢɦ ɤ ɭɯɭɞɲɟɧɢɸ ɡɪɟɧɢɹ ɜɩɥɨɬɶ ɞɨ ɩɨɥɧɨɣ ɟɝɨ ɩɨɬɟɪɢ.

ɉɟɪɟɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɬ ɫɭɞɢɬɶ ɨ ɬɹɠɟɫɬɢ ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɹ ɡɪɟɧɢɹ, ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɢɹɯ ɢ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɢɹɯ ɤ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɦ ɜɢɞɚɦ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ (ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɸ, ɫɩɨɪɬɭ, ɬɪɭɞɨɜɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ), ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɩɪɢɟɦɚɦ, ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚɦ ɢ ɦɟɬɨɞɚɦ ɤɨɪɪɟɤɰɢɨɧɧɨ-ɤɨɦɩɟɧɫɚɬɨɪɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɢ ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ.

Ʉɥɢɧɢɤɨ-ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɞɢɚɝɧɨɫɬɢɤɚ ɞɚɟɬ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɨ ɤɥɢɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ (ɧɨɡɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ) ɮɨɪɦɟ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɝɨ ɡɚɛɨɥɟɜɚɧɢɹ, ɤɥɢɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ (ɧɨɡɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ) ɮɨɪɦɟ ɫɨɩɭɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɡɚɛɨɥɟɜɚɧɢɹ (ɢɥɢ ɫɨɩɭɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɡɚɛɨɥɟɜɚɧɢɹɯ), ɨ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɟ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɡɚɛɨɥɟɜɚɧɢɹ, ɝɥɭɛɢɧɟ ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɹ ɡɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚɬɨɪɚ, ɤɥɢɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɩɪɨɝɧɨɡɟ. Ɉɧɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɨɰɟɧɢɬɶ ɫɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬ ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɚ, ɫɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɨ-ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬ ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɝɧɨɡɚ.

ɋɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɬɢɮɥɨɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɞɢɚɝɧɨɫɬɢɤɢ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɨ,

ɩɪɟɠɞɟ ɜɫɟɝɨ, ɧɚ ɜɵɹɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɪɟɛɟɧɤɚ. Ⱦɥɹ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɞɢɚɝɧɨɫɬɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɫɟɧɫɨɪɧɨɣ ɫɮɟɪɵ ɪɟɛɟɧɤɚ, ɟɝɨ ɢɧɬɟɥɥɟɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ, ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ, ɭɦɟɧɢɹ ɨɩɟɪɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɚɦɢ, ɩɨɧɢɦɚɬɶ ɨɛɪɚɳɟɧɧɭɸ ɪɟɱɶ, ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɢ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɵ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ

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ɆɈȾȿɅɖ ɄɈɆɉɅȿɄɋɇɈɃ ɊȿȺȻɂɅɂɌȺɐɂɂ ɂɇȼȺɅɂȾɈȼ ȼ ɊɈɋɋɂɃɋɄɈɃ ɎȿȾȿɊȺɐɂɂ

ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɧɨ-ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ, ɭɦɟɧɢɟ ɨɪɢɟɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɟ, ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪ ɢ ɬɹɠɟɫɬɶ ɜɬɨɪɢɱɧɵɯ ɨɬɤɥɨɧɟɧɢɣ ɜ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɢ.

Ⱦɢɚɝɧɨɫɬɢɤɚ ɫɟɧɫɨɪɧɨɣ ɫɮɟɪɵ ɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɬ ɨɛɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɢ ɜɵɹɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɭ ɞɢɚɝɧɨɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɣ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɨɫɹɡɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɦɨɬɨɪɢɤɢ ɩɚɥɶɰɟɜ ɪɭɤ, ɫɥɭɯɨɜɨɝɨ ɜɨɫɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ, ɨɛɨɧɹɧɢɹ, ɜɤɭɫɨɜɨɣ ɱɭɜɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ, ɟɫɥɢ ɟɫɬɶ ɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨɟ ɡɪɟɧɢɟ, ɬɨ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɡɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɜɨɫɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ. ɋ ɷɬɨɣ ɰɟɥɶɸ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɤɢ ɨɛɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɟɧɫɨɪɧɨɣ ɫɮɟɪɵ ɢ ɡɚɩɨɥɧɹɬɶɫɹ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɟ ɤɚɪɬɵ.16 Ɂɚɦɟɬɢɦ, ɱɬɨ ɜ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɞɢɚɝɧɨɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵ ɞɚɥɟɤɢ ɨɬ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɫɬɜɚ ɢ ɧɭɠɞɚɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɤɨɪɪɟɤɰɢɢ ɢ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɢ. Ȼɨɥɟɟ ɬɨɝɨ, ɭ ɬɢɮɥɨɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɨɜ ɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ, ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɳɢɯ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɛɵɫɬɪɨ ɢ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɢɜɧɨ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ ɫɟɧɫɨɪɧɨɣ ɫɮɟɪɵ ɪɟɛɟɧɤɚ, ɦɧɨɝɨ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɨɧɢ ɡɚɬɪɚɱɢɜɚɸɬ ɧɚ ɩɨɞɛɨɪ ɢ/ɢɥɢ ɚɞɚɩɬɚɰɢɸ ɞɢɚɝɧɨɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ, ɨɮɨɪɦɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɚɞɟɤɜɚɬɧɨ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɭ ɢ ɡɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɹɦ ɨɛɫɥɟɞɭɟɦɵɯ ɞɟɬɟɣ. ȼ ɨɬɥɢɱɢɟ ɨɬ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɨɜ ɫɬɪɚɧ Ɂɚɩɚɞɧɨɣ ȿɜɪɨɩɵ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɢɟ ɬɢɮɥɨɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢ, ɤɚɤ, ɜɩɪɨɱɟɦ, ɢ ɬɢɮɥɨɩɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɢ, ɩɨɤɚ ɧɟ ɢɦɟɸɬ ɜ ɫɜɨɟɦ ɪɚɫɩɨɪɹɠɟɧɢɢ ɜ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨɦ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɢ ɯɨɪɨɲɟɝɨ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɞɢɚɝɧɨɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɤ. Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɩɪɢɯɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɤɨɧɫɬɚɬɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɟ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɞɢɚɝɧɨɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɬɨɜ.

Ȼɨɥɶɲɢɧɫɬɜɨ ɨɫɬɚɥɶɧɵɯ (ɩɟɪɟɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɜɵɲɟ) ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ ɞɢɚɝɧɨɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɨɛɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ – ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɢɧɬɟɥɥɟɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ, ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ, ɭɦɟɧɢɹ ɨɩɟɪɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɚɦɢ, ɩɨɧɢɦɚɬɶ ɨɛɪɚɳɟɧɧɭɸ ɪɟɱɶ, ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɢ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɵ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɧɨ-ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ, ɭɦɟɧɢɹ ɨɪɢɟɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɟ, ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪ ɢ ɬɹɠɟɫɬɶ ɜɬɨɪɢɱɧɵɯ ɨɬɤɥɨɧɟɧɢɣ ɜ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɢ – ɤɜɚɥɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɣ ɬɢɮɥɨɩɟɞɚɝɨɝ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɬɶ ɜ ɯɨɞɟ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɪɟɛɟɧɤɨɦ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɣ, ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɧɚ ɞɢɚɝɧɨɫɬɢɤɭ ɫɟɧɫɨɪɧɨɣ ɫɮɟɪɵ.

ɉɪɢ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɪɚɦɤɚɯ ɭɝɥɭɛɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɞɢɚɝɧɨɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɨɛɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɧɟɡɪɹɱɟɝɨ ɪɟɛɟɧɤɚ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɨɛɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɶ ɥɨɝɨɩɟɞ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɜɵɹɜɢɬɶ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɟɝɨ ɪɟɱɟɜɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɢ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɭɸ ɤɨɪɪɟɤɰɢɨɧɧɭɸ ɩɨɦɨɳɶ.

Ɍɢɮɥɨɩɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɨɛɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɬ ɨɰɟɧɤɭ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɤ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɯ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ ɩɫɢɯɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɪɟɛɟɧɤɚ ɢ ɟɝɨ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɧɵɯ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜ: ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ ɜɵɫɲɢɯ ɩɫɢɯɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɣ, ɩɨɡɧɚɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ, ɷɦɨɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨ-ɜɨɥɟɜɨɣ ɫɮɟɪɵ,

16 ɋɦ., ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɤɚɪɬɵ ɞɢɚɝɧɨɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɨɛɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɤɧɢɝɟ «ɋɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɤɨɪɪɟɤɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɞɥɹ ɞɨɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɨɜ ɫ ɬɹɠɟɥɵɦɢ ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɹɦɢ ɡɪɟɧɢɹ», ɋɉɛ.: Ɉɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ, 1995.

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ɆɈȾȿɅɖ ɄɈɆɉɅȿɄɋɇɈɃ ɊȿȺȻɂɅɂɌȺɐɂɂ ɂɇȼȺɅɂȾɈȼ ȼ ɊɈɋɋɂɃɋɄɈɃ ɎȿȾȿɊȺɐɂɂ

ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɧɵɯ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɟɣ. Ɍɢɮɥɨɩɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɭ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɨɛɪɚɬɢɬɶ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɜɵɹɫɧɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɢɱɢɧ ɧɢɡɤɨɝɨ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ, ɱɬɨ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɢɬ ɧɚɦɟɬɢɬɶ ɚɞɟɤɜɚɬɧɵɟ ɩɭɬɢ ɤɨɪɪɟɤɰɢɢ ɢ ɜɤɥɸɱɢɬɶ ɢɯ ɜ ɂɉɊ ɪɟɛɟɧɤɚ.

ɉɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɭ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɨɰɟɧɢɜɚɬɶ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɢ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɪɟɛɟɧɤɚ ɫ ɝɥɭɛɨɤɢɦ ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɟɦ ɡɪɟɧɢɹ. ȼ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɟ ɝɨɞɵ ɜ ɞɨɲɤɨɥɶɧɵɯ ɢ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɵɯ ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹɯ ɞɥɹ ɞɟɬɟɣ ɫ ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɟɦ ɡɪɟɧɢɹ ɛɨɥɶɲɟ ɜɫɟɝɨ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɹ ɭɞɟɥɹɥɨɫɶ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɸ ɩɨɡɧɚɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ, ɱɬɨ ɩɪɢɜɟɥɨ ɤ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɭɫɩɟɯɚɦ ɢɧɬɟɥɥɟɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɞɟɬɟɣ, ɧɨ ɨɫɥɚɛɢɥɨ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɭɸ ɚɞɚɩɬɚɰɢɸ. ɉɪɢ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɞɨɥɠɧɨɝɨ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɹ ɤ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɞɟɬɟɣ ɫ ɝɥɭɛɨɤɢɦ ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɟɦ ɡɪɟɧɢɹ ɭ ɧɢɯ ɫ ɞɟɬɫɤɨɝɨ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɚ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɨɬ ɜɡɪɨɫɥɵɯ ɢ ɫɜɟɪɫɬɧɢɤɨɜ ɫ ɩɨɧɢɠɟɧɧɵɦ ɢɥɢ ɧɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɡɪɟɧɢɟɦ, ɛɨɹɡɧɶ ɧɨɜɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ ɢ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧ, ɨɬɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɢɟ ɨɬ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɢ ɬ.ɩ. ȼ ɡɚɪɭɛɟɠɧɨɣ ɢ, ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨ, ɜ ɚɦɟɪɢɤɚɧɫɤɨɣ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɟ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɛɨɥɶɲɨɟ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɬɟɫɬɨɜ ɞɥɹ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɩɫɢɯɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɫɥɟɩɵɯ ɞɟɬɟɣ ɢ ɞɟɬɟɣ, ɢɦɟɸɳɢɯ ɝɥɭɛɨɤɨɟ ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɟ ɡɪɟɧɢɹ. ɇɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɷɬɢɯ ɬɟɫɬɨɜ K.S, Maxfield ɢ S. Bucholz ɫɨɫɬɚɜɢɥɢ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɭɸ ɲɤɚɥɭ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɡɪɟɥɨɫɬɢ ɞɥɹ ɫɥɟɩɨɝɨ ɪɟɛɟɧɤɚ ɨɬ 0 ɞɨ 6 ɥɟɬ.17 ɒɤɚɥɚ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɜ ɤɚɠɞɨɦ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɧɨɦ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɟ ɨɰɟɧɢɬɶ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɧɚɜɵɤɢ ɩɨ 7 ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹɦ:

1.Ɉɛɳɟɟ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ, ɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɟɧɧɨɟ ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɫɨɡɪɟɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɢ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɟɦ.

2.ɋɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɜ ɨɞɟɜɚɧɢɢ ɢ ɪɚɡɞɟɜɚɧɢɢ.

3.ɋɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɜ ɟɞɟ.

4.Ʉɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɬɢɜɧɚɹ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ.

5.Ʌɨɤɨɦɨɰɢɢ.

6.Ɉɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟ ɤ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɟɣ ɫɪɟɞɟ.

7.ɋɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɧɚɜɵɤɢ.

Ⱥɧɚɥɢɡ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ, ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɫ ɟɟ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ, ɞɚɟɬ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɭ ɩɨɧɹɬɶ ɬɟ ɬɪɭɞɧɨɫɬɢ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɸɬ ɭ ɞɟɬɟɣ-ɢɧɜɚɥɢɞɨɜ ɩɨ ɡɪɟɧɢɸ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɜɨɫɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɫɟɦɶɟ ɢ ɞɨɲɤɨɥɶɧɨɦ ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɢ.

Ɋɨɥɶ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɚ ɜ ɞɢɚɝɧɨɫɬɢɤɟ ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɚ ɫɨɫɬɨɢɬ ɜ ɬɨɦ, ɱɬɨ ɨɧ, ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɹ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɟ ɦɟɬɨɞɵ (ɛɟɫɟɞɭ, ɚɧɤɟɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ, ɬɟɫɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ), ɜɵɹɫɧɹɟɬ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɭɬɪɚɬɵ ɢɥɢ ɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɡɪɟɧɢɹ, ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟ ɤ ɪɟɛɟɧɤɭ ɜ ɫɟɦɶɟ (ɢɝɧɨɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɪɨɞɢɬɟɥɹɦɢ ɞɟɮɟɤɬɚ ɢ ɟɝɨ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɣ, ɝɢɩɟɪɨɩɟɤɚ ɪɟɛɟɧɤɚ ɢ ɞɪ.), ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹ ɱɥɟɧɨɜ ɫɟɦɶɢ ɤ ɞɟɮɟɤɬɭ ɪɟɛɟɧɤɚ, ɟɝɨ ɨɛɹɡɚɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨ ɞɨɦɭ, ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɟɝɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ (ɫɨ ɫɥɨɜ

17 A. Social Maturity Scale for Blind Preschool Children. A.. Guide to its use. / AFB. N. Y., 1975.

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ɆɈȾȿɅɖ ɄɈɆɉɅȿɄɋɇɈɃ ɊȿȺȻɂɅɂɌȺɐɂɂ ɂɇȼȺɅɂȾɈȼ ȼ ɊɈɋɋɂɃɋɄɈɃ ɎȿȾȿɊȺɐɂɂ

ɪɨɞɢɬɟɥɟɣ), ɫɨɫɬɚɜ ɫɟɦɶɢ, ɟɟ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ, ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɪɨɞɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɢ ɬ.ɩ.

Ʉɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɨɟ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɞɢɚɝɧɨɫɬɢɤɢ ɞɟɬɟɣ ɫ ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɟɦ ɡɪɟɧɢɹ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɬ ɨɬ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɚ ɪɟɛɟɧɤɚ, ɷɬɚɩɚ ɟɝɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ, ɨɬ ɰɟɥɟɣ ɟɝɨ ɨɛɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɦɧɨɝɢɯ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɜ. ɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɞɥɹ ɝɪɚɦɨɬɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɚ ɨ ɜɵɛɨɪɟ ɞɥɹ ɪɟɛɟɧɤɚ-ɢɧɜɚɥɢɞɚ ɩɨ ɡɪɟɧɢɸ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɝɨ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɚ ɩɢɫɶɦɚ ɢ ɱɬɟɧɢɹ (ɪɟɥɶɟɮɧɨ-ɬɨɱɟɱɧɵɣ ɲɪɢɮɬ Ȼɪɚɣɥɹ ɢɥɢ ɩɥɨɫɤɨɩɟɱɚɬɧɵɣ ɭɤɪɭɩɧɟɧɧɵɣ ɲɪɢɮɬ) ɨɮɬɚɥɶɦɨɥɨɝɭ ɤɚɤ ɦɢɧɢɦɭɦ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɡɧɚɬɶ ɨɫɬɪɨɬɭ ɡɪɟɧɢɹ ɭɱɟɧɢɤɚ ɞɜɭɦɹ ɝɥɚɡɚɦɢ ɜɞɚɥɶ ɢ ɜɛɥɢɡɢ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɢɦɟɬɶ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɭ ɟɝɨ ɩɨɥɹ ɡɪɟɧɢɹ.

ȼ ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɦ ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɢ ɞɥɹ ɞɟɬɟɣ ɫ ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɟɦ ɡɪɟɧɢɹ, ɤ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɦ ɦɵ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɦ, ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɢɫɥɟ ɞɟɬɫɤɢɟ ɫɚɞɵ ɢ ɲɤɨɥɵ ɞɥɹ ɞɟɬɟɣ ɫ ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɟɦ ɡɪɟɧɢɹ, ɭɩɨɪ ɞɟɥɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɫɤɨɣ ɞɢɚɝɧɨɫɬɢɤɢ ɢ ɧɚ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɟ ɡɚ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟɦ ɡɪɟɧɢɹ ɜɨɫɩɢɬɚɧɧɢɤɨɜ.

ɂɉɊ (ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚ ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɢ) ɞɥɹ ɪɟɛɟɧɤɚ ɫ ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɟɦ ɡɪɟɧɢɹ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɚ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɚɦɢ, ɜɯɨɞɹɳɢɦɢ ɜ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɭ ɛɸɪɨ ɦɟɞɢɤɨ-ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɬɢɡɵ ɢɥɢ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɚɦɢ ɦɟɞɢɤɨ- ɩɫɢɯɨɥɨ-ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɤɨɧɫɭɥɶɬɚɰɢɣ (ɉɆɉɄ). Ɋɟɚɥɢɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɂɉɊ ɜ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɦ ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɢ, ɤɨɬɨɪɨɟ ɪɟɛɟɧɨɤ ɩɨɫɟɳɚɟɬ, ɬɚɦ ɠɟ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɵ (ɬɢɮɥɨɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢ, ɬɢɮɥɨɩɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɢ ɢ ɬ.ɞ.) ɦɨɝɭɬ ɢ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬɶ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɭɝɥɭɛɥɟɧɧɨɟ (ɭɬɨɱɧɹɸɳɟɟ) ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɟ ɞɢɚɝɧɨɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɨɛɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ. ɉɟɪɜɢɱɧɵɣ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ ɡɚ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɟɣ ɂɉɊ ɰɟɥɟɫɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɨ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬɶ ɜ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɦ ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɢ, ɤɨɬɨɪɨɟ ɪɟɛɟɧɨɤ ɩɨɫɟɳɚɟɬ ɢ ɝɞɟ ɟɦɭ ɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɭɫɥɭɝɢ. ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɢɬɨɝɨɜɵɣ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɜɨɡɥɨɠɢɬɶ ɧɚ Ɇɋɗ, ɤɚɤ ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɟ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɸɳɟɟ ɂɉɊ, ɢ ɉɆɉɄ, ɤɚɤ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ, ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɳɟɣ ɜɢɞ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɞɥɹ ɪɟɛɟɧɤɚ.

Ⱦɢɚɝɧɨɫɬɢɤɚ ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɚ ɥɢɰ ɨɬ 18 ɞɨ 35 ɥɟɬ,

ɟɫɬɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ, ɢɦɟɟɬ ɤɚɤ ɨɛɳɢɟ ɱɟɪɬɵ ɫ ɞɢɚɝɧɨɫɬɢɤɨɣ ɞɟɬɟɣ, ɬɚɤ ɢ ɫɜɨɢ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ.

Ɉɛɳɢɦ ɦɟɫɬɨɦ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ, ɩɪɟɠɞɟ ɜɫɟɝɨ, ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɫɤɚɹ ɞɢɚɝɧɨɫɬɢɤɚ. Ɉɧɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɨɬɪɚɠɚɬɶ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɡɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɣ ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɢɪɭɟɦɨɝɨ, ɬɨ ɟɫɬɶ ɨɫɬɪɨɬɭ ɡɪɟɧɢɹ, ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɥɹ ɡɪɟɧɢɹ, ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ ɫɜɟɬɨɜɨɣ ɢ ɬɟɦɧɨɜɨɣ ɚɞɚɩɬɚɰɢɢ, ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɰɜɟɬɨɜɨɝɨ ɡɪɟɧɢɹ, ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪ ɡɪɟɧɢɹ (ɛɢɧɨɤɭɥɹɪɧɵɣ, ɨɞɧɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɣ, ɦɨɧɨɤɭɥɹɪɧɵɣ). Ȼɨɥɶɲɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɞɥɹ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɬɨɱɧɵɣ ɞɢɚɝɧɨɡ ɡɚɛɨɥɟɜɚɧɢɹ ɨɪɝɚɧɚ ɡɪɟɧɢɹ. ɉɟɪɟɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɜ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɟ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɬ ɫɭɞɢɬɶ ɨ ɬɹɠɟɫɬɢ

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