комплексная реабилитация

ɆɈȾȿɅɖ ɄɈɆɉɅȿɄɋɇɈɃ ɊȿȺȻɂɅɂɌȺɐɂɂ ɂɇȼȺɅɂȾɈȼ ȼ ɊɈɋɋɂɃɋɄɈɃ ɎȿȾȿɊȺɐɂɂ

ɋɢɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɩɨɞɯɨɞ23 ɢ ɟɝɨ ɜɧɟɞɪɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɨɬɪɚɫɥɹɯ ɧɚɪɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɚ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɵ ɢ ɞɥɹ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ. ɉɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ ɫɢɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɤɢ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɢ ɢɧɜɚɥɢɞɨɜ ɨɱɟɜɢɞɧɚ, ɧɨ ɞɨ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɝɨ ɧɚɭɱɧɵɟ ɢ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɜ ɷɬɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɜ ɦɢɪɟ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɭɸɬ. Ɋɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɢ ɬɟɨɪɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɨɛɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ ɫɢɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɤɢ ɞɨɥɠɧɨ ɫɬɚɬɶ ɨɞɧɢɦ ɢɡ ɜɚɠɧɟɣɲɢɯ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɣ ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɨɥɨɝɢɢ.

ȼɦɟɫɬɟ ɫ ɬɟɦ, ɭɠɟ ɫɟɝɨɞɧɹ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɩɨɨɳɪɹɬɶɫɹ ɩɨɩɵɬɤɢ ɜɧɟɞɪɹɬɶ ɦɟɬɨɞɵ ɫɢɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɤɢ ɜ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɣ. ȼ ɩɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɢ 3 ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɚ ɫɯɟɦɚ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɵɯ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɣ ɩɪɟɞɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɭɝ, ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɧɚ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɚɯ ɫɢɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɤɢ. Ɉɞɧɨɣ ɢɡ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɫɯɟɦɵ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɟ ɜ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɟ ɟɺ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɫɢɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɦɚɬɪɢɰ, ɤɚɤ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɫɨɩɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ, ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɢ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɜ ɧɚ ɷɬɚɩɚɯ ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɞɢɚɝɧɨɫɬɢɤɢ ɢ ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ. ɋɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚ, ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ, ɦɟɬɨɞɵ ɢ ɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɢ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɢ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɫɢɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɦɚɬɪɢɰ ɫɟɝɨɞɧɹ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɬɶɫɹ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɷɦɩɢɪɢɱɟɫɤɢ. Ɇɟɠɞɭ ɬɟɦ, ɜɪɹɞ ɥɢ ɩɨɞɥɟɠɢɬ ɫɨɦɧɟɧɢɸ ɭɬɜɟɪɠɞɟɧɢɟ ɨ ɬɨɦ, ɱɬɨ ɮɨɪɦɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɚ (ɫɢɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɦɚɬɪɢɰɚ ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɚ), ɩɨɬɪɟɛɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɢɧɜɚɥɢɞɨɜ (ɫɢɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ

ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɢ (ɫɢɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɦɚɬɪɢɰɚ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ) ɩɨɡɜɨɥɢɬ ɜɵɫɬɪɚɢɜɚɬɶ ɢ ɩɪɟɞɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɬɶ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫ ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɭɝ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɧɨɜɵɯ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɢ ɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɟɜ, ɫɞɟɥɚɟɬ ɟɝɨ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɱɭɜɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɤ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɧɨɫɬɹɦ ɢɧɜɚɥɢɞɨɜ ɢ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɚ, ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɬ ɰɟɥɨɫɬɧɵɣ ɩɨɞɯɨɞ ɤ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɸ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦ ɥɸɞɟɣ, ɢɫɩɵɬɵɜɚɸɳɢɯ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɢɹ ɠɢɡɧɟɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ.

9.ɋɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɟɝɨ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝɚ (ɚɭɞɢɬɚ) ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɢ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɢ

Ɉɩɢɫɚɧɚ ɜɵɲɟ.

23 ɋɬɚɪɤɨɜ ɇ.ɂ. ɋɢɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɩɨɞɯɨɞ ɤ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɤɢ (01-06- 80149). Ɏɂ ɊȺɇ ɈəɎȺ. Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ; ɉɨɫɚɲɤɨɜ ɋ.Ⱥ. Ɋɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ ɬɟɨɪɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɨɫɧɨɜ

ɩɪɨɝɧɨɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɝɥɨɛɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ ɫɢɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɤɢ ɢ ɧɟɥɢɧɟɣɧɨɣ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɢ (01-06-80435). ɂɉɆ ɊȺɇ. Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ.

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ɆɈȾȿɅɖ ɄɈɆɉɅȿɄɋɇɈɃ ɊȿȺȻɂɅɂɌȺɐɂɂ ɂɇȼȺɅɂȾɈȼ ȼ ɊɈɋɋɂɃɋɄɈɃ ɎȿȾȿɊȺɐɂɂ

Ƚɥɚɜɚ 2. ɆɈȾȿɅɖ ɄɈɆɉɅȿɄɋɇɈɃ ɊȿȺȻɂɅɂɌȺɐɂɂ ɂɇȼȺɅɂȾɈȼ

ɋɍɆɋɌȼȿɇɇɈɃ ɈɌɋɌȺɅɈɋɌɖɘ

2.1.ɏɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɚ ɰɟɥɟɜɵɯ ɝɪɭɩɩ

ɐɟɥɟɜɵɦɢ ɝɪɭɩɩɚɦɢ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɨɣ ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɢ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɞɟɬɢ-ɢɧɜɚɥɢɞɵ (0-17 ɥɟɬ) ɢ ɢɧɜɚɥɢɞɵ-ɜɡɪɨɫɥɵɟ (18-35 ɥɟɬ) ɫ ɭɦɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɨɬɫɬɚɥɨɫɬɶɸ (ɨɥɢɝɨɮɪɟɧɢɟɣ).

ȼɨɡɧɢɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɧɹɬɢɣ «ɢɞɢɨɬɢɹ» — ɫɬɪɚɧɧɨɫɬɶ (ɝɪɟɱ.), «ɢɦɛɟɰɢɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ» — ɫɥɚɛɨɭɦɢɟ (ɥɚɬ.), «ɞɟɛɢɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ» — ɯɢɥɨɫɬɶ, ɧɟɭɤɥɸɠɟɫɬɶ (ɥɚɬ.) ɢ ɧɚɱɚɥɨ ɢɯ ɧɚɭɱɧɨɝɨ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɨɬɧɨɫɹɬ ɤ XIX ɜɟɤɭ. Ɉɧɢ ɛɵɥɢ ɞɟɬɚɥɶɧɨ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɵ ɜɟɥɢɤɢɦ ɮɪɚɧɰɭɡɫɤɢɦ ɩɫɢɯɢɚɬɪɨɦ ɀɚɧɨɦ-ɗɬɶɟɧɨɦ Ⱦɨɦɢɧɢɤɨɦ ɗɫɤɢɪɨɥɟɦ (1772-1840) ɜ ɟɝɨ ɞɜɭɯɬɨɦɧɨɦ ɫɨɱɢɧɟɧɢɢ «Ɉ ɞɭɲɟɜɧɵɯ ɛɨɥɟɡɧɹɯ». ɋɟɝɨɞɧɹ ɨɥɢɝɨɮɪɟɧɢɸ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɬ ɤɚɤ ɫɛɨɪɧɭɸ ɝɪɭɩɩɭ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɩɨ ɷɬɢɨɥɨɝɢɢ, ɩɚɬɨɝɟɧɟɡɭ ɢ ɤɥɢɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɩɪɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɹɦ ɧɟɩɪɨɝɪɚɞɢɟɧɬɧɵɯ ɩɚɬɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɣ, ɨɛɳɢɦ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɤɨɦ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜɪɨɠɞɟɧɧɨɣ ɢɥɢ ɩɪɢɨɛɪɟɬɟɧɧɨɟ ɜ ɪɚɧɧɟɦ ɞɟɬɫɬɜɟ (ɞɨ 3 ɥɟɬ) ɨɛɳɟɟ ɩɫɢɯɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɧɟɞɨɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɫ ɩɪɟɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɢɧɬɟɥɥɟɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɟɣ [14]. ȼ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɷɬɢ ɩɚɬɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɚɸɬ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɆɄȻ-1024 ɬɟɪɦɢɧɨɦ «ɭɦɫɬɜɟɧɧɚɹ ɨɬɫɬɚɥɨɫɬɶ», ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɩɪɢɲɟɥ ɢɡ ɚɦɟɪɢɤɚɧɫɤɨɣ ɩɫɢɯɢɚɬɪɢɢ

[27].

Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɵɦɢ ɩɪɢɱɢɧɚɦɢ ɭɦɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɨɬɫɬɚɥɨɫɬɢ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ:

x ɯɪɨɦɨɫɨɦɧɵɟ ɚɛɟɪɪɚɰɢɢ (ɯɪɨɦɨɫɨɦɧɵɟ ɦɭɬɚɰɢɢ, ɯɪɨɦɨɫɨɦɧɵɟ ɩɟɪɟɫɬɪɨɣɤɢ);

xɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɩɚɬɨɝɟɧɧɵɯ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɜ ɜ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɜɧɭɬɪɢɭɬɪɨɛɧɨɣ ɠɢɡɧɢ ɩɥɨɞɚ;

xɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɩɨɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ ɦɨɡɝɚ ɜ ɪɨɞɨɜɨɣ ɢ ɩɨɫɬɧɚɬɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ (ɞɨ 3 ɥɟɬ) – ɚɫɮɢɤɫɢɹ, ɱɟɪɟɩɧɨ-ɦɨɡɝɨɜɵɟ ɬɪɚɜɦɵ, ɦɟɧɢɧɝɢɬɵ,

ɦɟɧɢɧɝɨɷɧɰɟɮɚɥɢɬɵ ɢ ɬ.ɩ.

ɋɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɵɟ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɢ ɭɦɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɨɬɫɬɚɥɨɫɬɢ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɧɟɞɨɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟɦ ɥɨɛɧɵɯ ɞɨɥɟɣ, ɞɢɫɝɚɪɦɨɧɢɱɧɨɣ ɝɢɩɟɪɬɪɨɮɢɟɣ ɝɨɥɨɜɧɨɝɨ ɦɨɡɝɚ (ɡɚ ɫɱɺɬ ɩɚɪɟɧɯɢɦɵ ɢ ɦɟɠɭɬɨɱɧɨɣ ɬɤɚɧɢ), ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɤɢɫɬ, ɩɨɥɨɫɬɟɣ (ɩɨɫɥɟ ɧɟɤɪɨɡɚ), ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟɦ ɦɨɡɝɨɜɵɯ ɨɛɨɥɨɱɟɤ (ɚɬɪɨɮɢɹ, ɪɭɛɰɵ), ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɟɦ ɢɡɜɢɥɢɧ – ɚɝɢɪɢɹ, ɦɚɥɵɦ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨɦ ɢɡɜɢɥɢɧ – ɩɚɯɢɝɢɪɢɹ, ɦɚɥɨɣ ɝɥɭɛɢɧɨɣ ɢɡɜɢɥɢɧ – ɦɢɤɪɨɝɢɪɢɹ.

ɉɪɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɭɦɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɨɬɫɬɚɥɨɫɬɢ ɪɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɵ ɩɨ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɭ ɢ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɫɢɯɨɩɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɪɚɫɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜ. Ɉɧɢ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɹɦɢ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɩɫɢɯɢɤɢ ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɦɨɪɮɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ,

24 URL: www.mkb10.ru (ɞɚɬɚ ɨɛɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ 15.11.2009).

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ɆɈȾȿɅɖ ɄɈɆɉɅȿɄɋɇɈɃ ɊȿȺȻɂɅɂɌȺɐɂɂ ɂɇȼȺɅɂȾɈȼ ȼ ɊɈɋɋɂɃɋɄɈɃ ɎȿȾȿɊȺɐɂɂ

ɮɢɡɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢ ɛɢɨɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɣ. ɋɜɨɟɨɛɪɚɡɢɟ ɩɫɢɯɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɧɟɞɨɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɩɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ, ɩɨɞɱɢɧɹɸɳɟɟɫɹ ɬɪɺɦ ɛɢɨɝɟɧɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɹɦ – ɦɚɥɨɣ ɞɢɮɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɫɬɢ, ɪɚɜɧɨɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɩɪɢ ɪɚɧɧɟɦ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɢ ɩɚɬɨɝɟɧɧɵɯ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɜ, ɢ ɩɪɟɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɦɭ ɩɨɪɚɠɟɧɢɸ ɨɧɬɨɝɟɧɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɦɨɥɨɞɵɯ, ɟɳɟ ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɜɚɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɦɨɡɝɨɜɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ. Ʉɥɢɧɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɭɦɫɬɜɟɧɧɚɹ ɨɬɫɬɚɥɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɨɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɞɜɭɦɹ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɦɢ ɩɪɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɹɦɢ:

1)ɧɟɞɨɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɬɨɬɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɩɨ ɜɫɟɣ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɟ, ɬ.ɟ. ɤɚɫɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɢɧɬɟɥɥɟɤɬɚ, ɧɨ ɢ ɩɫɢɯɢɤɢ ɜ ɰɟɥɨɦ;

2)ɜ ɪɚɦɤɚɯ ɬɨɬɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɟɞɨɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɧɚ ɩɟɪɜɨɦ ɩɥɚɧɟ ɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨɫɬɶ ɜɵɫɲɢɯ, ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɫɥɨɠɧɵɯ ɮɨɪɦ ɩɫɢɯɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ, ɬ.ɟ. ɚɛɫɬɪɚɤɬɧɨɝɨ ɦɵɲɥɟɧɢɹ, ɩɪɢ ɹɜɧɨ ɦɟɧɶɲɟɦ ɫɬɪɚɞɚɧɢɢ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɩɪɢɦɢɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɮɨɪɦ ɩɫɢɯɢɤɢ, ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨ – ɢɧɫɬɢɧɤɬɨɜ.

ɇɚ ɪɚɧɧɢɯ ɷɬɚɩɚɯ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ (ɧɚ ɜɬɨɪɨɦ ɝɨɞɭ ɠɢɡɧɢ) ɦɵɫɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨɫɬɶ ɪɟɛɟɧɤɚ ɩɪɨɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɡɚɞɟɪɠɤɨɣ ɩɪɢɨɛɪɟɬɟɧɢɹ ɧɚɜɵɤɨɜ ɫɚɦɨɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɧɢɹ, ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɟɦ ɥɸɛɨɡɧɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ, ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɚ ɤ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɟɦɭ, ɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɵɦ ɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɨɦ ɫ ɞɟɬɶɦɢ. ȼ ɞɨɲɤɨɥɶɧɨɦ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɟ ɩɪɢ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫɬɪɟɦɥɟɧɢɹ ɤ ɢɧɬɟɥɥɟɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɮɨɪɦɚɦ ɢɝɪɨɜɨɣ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɢɝɪɚɯ ɞɨɦɢɧɢɪɭɟɬ ɛɟɡɵɧɢɰɢɚɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ, ɧɟɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɩɨɞɪɚɠɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ.

ȼɲɤɨɥɶɧɨɦ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɟ ɢɧɬɟɥɥɟɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨɫɬɶ, ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɸɳɚɹɫɹ ɜ ɫɚɦɵɯ ɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɮɨɪɦɚɯ ɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɪɟɛɟɧɤɚ, ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɹɪɤɨ ɩɪɨɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɭɱɟɛɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ, ɬɚɤ ɤɚɤ ɡɞɟɫɶ ɭɠɟ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɣ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɨɬɜɥɟɱɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɦɵɲɥɟɧɢɹ. ɗɬɨ ɹɜɢɥɨɫɶ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɞɥɹ ɭɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɋɒȺ ɢ ɫɬɪɚɧɚɯ Ɂɚɩɚɞɧɨɣ ȿɜɪɨɩɵ ɬɟɪɦɢɧɚ «ɥɸɞɢ ɫ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɚɦɢ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ».

ɇɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ ɜɨɫɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ, ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɣ ɩɚɦɹɬɢ ɨɬɪɚɠɚɸɬ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɭɸ ɧɟɫɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɨɬɜɥɟɱɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɦɵɲɥɟɧɢɹ, ɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɟɧɧɭɸ ɧɟɞɨɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟɦ ɜɬɨɪɨɣ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ. Ɍɚɤ, ɫɥɭɯɨɜɵɟ, ɤɢɧɟɫɬɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɢ ɡɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɜɨɫɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ ɡɚɦɟɞɥɟɧɧɵ ɢ ɥɢɲɟɧɵ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ. ȼ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɫ ɷɬɢɦ ɥɸɞɢ ɫ ɭɦɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɨɬɫɬɚɥɨɫɬɶɸ ɧɟ ɜ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɢ ɜɵɹɜɢɬɶ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɢɥɢ ɦɟɧɟɟ ɫɥɨɠɧɵɟ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɚɦɢ, ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚɦɢ ɜɧɟɲɧɟɝɨ ɦɢɪɚ Ɉɧɢ ɧɟ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨ ɜɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɬɶɫɹ, ɩɪɢɫɥɭɲɢɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɢ ɷɥɟɤɬɢɜɧɨ ɫɪɚɜɧɢɜɚɬɶ ɢ ɫɨɩɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɬɶ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɨɜ, ɬɨ ɟɫɬɶ ɢɡɭɱɚɬɶ ɢɯ ɢ ɩɨɧɢɦɚɬɶ ɢɯ ɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ.

Ɇɧɟɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ (ɨɬɧɨɫɹɳɚɹɫɹ ɤ ɩɚɦɹɬɢ) ɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨɫɬɶ ɜ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɶɲɟɣ

ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɩɪɨɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɫɥɚɛɨɫɬɢ ɫɦɵɫɥɨɜɨɣ ɩɚɦɹɬɢ, ɜ ɱɚɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ, ɜ ɧɟɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɫɬɜɟ ɢɡɛɢɪɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɟɞɧɚɦɟɪɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɡɚɩɨɦɢɧɚɧɢɹ. ȼɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɟ ɧɟɩɨɥɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɧɢɦɚɧɢɹ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɫɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɨɜ ɢ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ, ɬɚɤɢɟ ɥɸɞɢ ɜ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɫ ɧɟɞɨɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟɦ ɜɬɨɪɨɣ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ

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ɆɈȾȿɅɖ ɄɈɆɉɅȿɄɋɇɈɃ ɊȿȺȻɂɅɂɌȺɐɂɂ ɂɇȼȺɅɂȾɈȼ ȼ ɊɈɋɋɂɃɋɄɈɃ ɎȿȾȿɊȺɐɂɂ

ɮɢɤɫɢɪɭɸɬ ɜ ɫɨɡɧɚɧɢɢ ɥɢɲɶ ɢɯ ɧɚɝɥɹɞɧɵɟ ɜɧɟɲɧɢɟ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɤɢ. Ɍɨɝɞɚ ɤɚɤ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɩɚɦɹɬɶ ɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɺɧɧɨɣ, ɧɨ, ɩɨɪɨɣ, ɢ ɭɫɢɥɟɧɧɨɣ, ɱɬɨ ɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɟɧɨ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɩɟɪɜɨɣ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɢ «ɜɵɯɨɞɨɦ» ɟɺ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ ɢɡ-ɩɨɞ ɫɭɛɨɪɞɢɧɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ ɧɟɞɨɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɜɬɨɪɨɣ. ɋɥɚɛɨɫɬɶ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɮɨɪɦɟ ɤɪɚɣɧɟ ɬɪɭɞɧɨɣ ɟɺ ɮɢɤɫɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɛɵɫɬɪɨɝɨ ɪɚɫɫɟɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɟɧɨ ɤɚɤ ɧɟɩɨɧɢɦɚɧɢɟɦ ɰɟɥɟɜɨɝɨ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɹ, ɬɚɤ ɢ ɧɟɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɤ ɫɨɫɪɟɞɨɬɨɱɟɧɢɸ, ɬɨ ɟɫɬɶ ɧɟɞɨɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟɦ, ɤɚɤ ɜɬɨɪɨɣ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ, ɬɚɤ ɢ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɟɝɨ, ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɬɨɪɦɨɠɟɧɢɹ.

Ɉɞɧɢɦ ɢɡ ɜɚɠɧɟɣɲɢɯ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɤɨɜ ɨɛɳɟɝɨ ɩɫɢɯɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɧɟɞɨɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɧɟɞɨɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɪɟɱɢ, ɫɬɟɩɟɧɶ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɨɛɵɱɧɨ ɬɟɫɧɨ ɤɨɪɪɟɥɢɪɭɟɬ ɫ ɭɪɨɜɧɟɦ ɢɧɬɟɥɥɟɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨɫɬɢ. Ⱦɚɠɟ ɞɥɹ ɥɢɰ ɫ ɥɺɝɤɨɣ ɭɦɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɨɬɫɬɚɥɨɫɬɶɸ ɚɛɫɬɪɚɤɬɧɵɟ ɩɨɧɹɬɢɹ ɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɧɟɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɵɦɢ, ɦɵɲɥɟɧɢɟ ɨɫɬɚɺɬɫɹ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɵɦ. ɉɪɢ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɢ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɲɢɪɨɤɨɝɨ ɩɚɫɫɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɫɥɨɜɚɪɹ ɛɪɨɫɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɝɥɚɡɚ ɤɪɚɣɧɹɹ ɫɤɭɞɧɨɫɬɶ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɫɥɨɜɚɪɧɨɝɨ ɡɚɩɚɫɚ. Ɍɚɤɢɟ ɥɸɞɢ ɩɥɨɯɨ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɢɪɭɸɬ ɫɜɨɢ ɦɵɫɥɢ, ɧɟ ɜɩɨɥɧɟ ɭɫɜɚɢɜɚɸɬ ɧɚɜɵɤɢ ɱɬɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɩɢɫɶɦɚ, ɧɟ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɩɨɥɧɨ ɩɟɪɟɫɤɚɡɚɬɶ ɩɪɨɱɢɬɚɧɧɵɣ ɬɟɤɫɬ.

ɇɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɹ ɷɦɨɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɮɟɪɵ ɩɪɢ ɭɦɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɨɬɫɬɚɥɨɫɬɢ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɫɜɨɟɨɛɪɚɡɧɵ. ɉɪɢ ɞɨɦɢɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɢɦɢɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɷɦɨɰɢɣ, ɢɧɫɬɢɧɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɜɥɟɱɟɧɢɣ ɩɪɨɫɥɟɠɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɹɜɧɨɟ ɧɟɞɨɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɜɵɫɲɢɯ, ɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɱɭɜɫɬɜ – ɦɨɪɚɥɶɧɨ-ɷɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ, ɝɧɨɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ. ȼɵɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɬɟɫɧɚɹ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɹɦɢ ɷɦɨɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɢɧɬɟɥɥɟɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɧɟɞɨɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ, ɬɚɤ ɤɚɤ ɜɵɫɲɢɟ ɷɦɨɰɢɢ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɨɛɳɟɝɨ ɩɫɢɯɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɧɚɪɹɞɭ ɫ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɢɧɬɟɥɥɟɤɬɚ ɢ ɜ ɩɨɥɧɨɦ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɧɢɦ.

ɉɪɢ ɭɦɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɨɬɫɬɚɥɨɫɬɢ ɫɬɪɚɞɚɟɬ ɜɨɥɟɜɚɹ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ. ɗɬɨ ɩɪɨɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɛɟɡɵɧɢɰɢɚɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶɸ, ɧɟɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɸ (ɱɚɫɬɨ ɧɚɪɹɞɭ ɫ ɢɦɩɭɥɶɫɢɜɧɨɫɬɶɸ), ɧɟɰɟɥɟɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɤɨɜ, ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɟɦ ɛɨɪɶɛɵ ɦɨɬɢɜɨɜ, ɢ ɜ ɬɨ ɠɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ — ɧɚɥɢɱɢɟɦ ɧɟɝɚɬɢɜɢɡɦɚ. ɋɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ ɫɮɟɪɵ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɟɺ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɡɚɜɢɫɹɬ ɨɬ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɦɟɧɬɚ. Ɂɞɟɫɶ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɨɬ ɝɢɩɟɪɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ, ɨɬɜɥɟɤɚɟɦɨɫɬɢ (ɩɪɢ ɷɪɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɬɢɩɟ), ɨɬ ɜɹɥɨɫɬɢ, ɢɧɟɪɬɧɨɫɬɢ (ɩɪɢ ɬɨɪɩɢɞɧɨɦ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɢ), ɨɬ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɢɧɬɟɥɥɟɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɞɟɮɟɤɬɚ ɢ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɧɨɣ ɡɪɟɥɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɰɟɥɨɦ.

ȼ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɆɄȻ-10 ɭɦɫɬɜɟɧɧɚɹ ɨɬɫɬɚɥɨɫɬɶ (F70-F79) – ɷɬɨ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ ɡɚɞɟɪɠɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɢɥɢ ɧɟɩɨɥɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɩɫɢɯɢɤɢ, ɤɨɬɨɪɨɟ ɜ ɩɟɪɜɭɸ ɨɱɟɪɟɞɶ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɟɦ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɟɣ, ɩɪɨɹɜɥɹɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɜ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɫɨɡɪɟɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɸɳɢɯ ɨɛɳɢɣ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɢɧɬɟɥɥɟɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ, ɬ.ɟ. ɤɨɝɧɢɬɢɜɧɵɯ, ɪɟɱɟɜɵɯ, ɦɨɬɨɪɧɵɯ ɢ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɟɣ. Ɉɬɫɬɚɥɨɫɬɶ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɪɚɡɜɢɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɫ ɥɸɛɵɦ ɞɪɭɝɢɦ ɩɫɢɯɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɢɥɢ ɫɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ

82

ɆɈȾȿɅɖ ɄɈɆɉɅȿɄɋɇɈɃ ɊȿȺȻɂɅɂɌȺɐɂɂ ɂɇȼȺɅɂȾɈȼ ȼ ɊɈɋɋɂɃɋɄɈɃ ɎȿȾȿɊȺɐɂɂ

ɪɚɫɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɨɦ ɢɥɢ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɬɶ ɛɟɡ ɧɟɝɨ. Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ ɭ ɭɦɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɨɬɫɬɚɥɵɯ ɥɸɞɟɣ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɬɶɫɹ ɜɟɫɶ ɞɢɚɩɚɡɨɧ ɩɫɢɯɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɪɚɫɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜ, ɱɚɫɬɨɬɚ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɫɪɟɞɢ ɧɢɯ, ɩɨ ɦɟɧɶɲɟɣ ɦɟɪɟ, ɜ ɬɪɢ-ɱɟɬɵɪɟ ɪɚɡɚ ɜɵɲɟ, ɱɟɦ ɜ ɨɛɳɟɣ ɩɨɩɭɥɹɰɢɢ. Ʉɪɨɦɟ ɬɨɝɨ, ɭɦɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɨɬɫɬɚɥɵɟ ɥɢɰɚ ɱɚɳɟ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɹɬɫɹ ɠɟɪɬɜɚɦɢ ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢ, ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢ ɫɟɤɫɭɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɨɫɤɨɪɛɥɟɧɢɣ, ɧɚɫɢɥɢɹ. Ⱥɞɚɩɬɢɜɧɨɟ ɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɨ ɜɫɟɝɞɚ, ɧɨ ɜ ɡɚɳɢɳɺɧɧɵɯ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ, ɝɞɟ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɚ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɤɚ, ɷɬɨ ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɟ ɭ ɛɨɥɶɧɵɯ ɫ ɥɟɝɤɨɣ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɶɸ ɭɦɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɨɬɫɬɚɥɨɫɬɢ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɧɟ ɢɦɟɬɶ ɹɜɧɨɝɨ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɚ.

Ⱦɥɹ ɢɞɟɧɬɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɭɦɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɪɭɛɪɢɤɢ F70-F79 ɆɄȻ-10 ɭɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɫɨ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɦ ɱɟɬɜɟɪɬɵɦ ɡɧɚɤɨɦ:

.1 ɋ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɢɟɦ ɧɚ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɟ ɢɥɢ ɫɥɚɛɭɸ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ.

.2 Ɂɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ, ɬɪɟɛɭɸɳɟɟ ɭɯɨɞɚ ɢ ɥɟɱɟɧɢɹ.

.3 Ⱦɪɭɝɨɟ ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ.

.4 Ȼɟɡ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɢɣ ɧɚ ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ.

ɉɪɢ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɢɞɟɧɬɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ, ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɟ ɫ ɭɦɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɨɬɫɬɚɥɨɫɬɶɸ, ɬɚɤɢɟ, ɤɚɤ ɚɭɬɢɡɦ, ɞɪɭɝɢɟ ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ, ɷɩɢɥɟɩɫɢɹ, ɪɚɫɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚ ɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɢɥɢ ɬɹɠɟɥɵɣ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɤ, ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɤɨɞ ɢɡ ɆɄȻ-10 (ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, F72 ɬɹɠɟɥɚɹ ɭɦɫɬɜɟɧɧɚɹ ɨɬɫɬɚɥɨɫɬɶ ɩɥɸɫ ȿɈɈ - ɜɪɨɠɞɟɧɧɵɣ ɫɢɧɞɪɨɦ ɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɣɨɞɚ).

Ⱦɥɹ ɢɞɟɧɬɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɭɦɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɪɭɛɪɢɤɢ

F70-F79.

F70 Ʌɺɝɤɚɹ ɭɦɫɬɜɟɧɧɚɹ ɨɬɫɬɚɥɨɫɬɶ:

Ɉɪɢɟɧɬɢɪɨɜɨɱɧɵɣ IQ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ 50-69 (ɜ ɡɪɟɥɨɦ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɟ ɭɦɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɸ ɜ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɟ 9-12 ɥɟɬ). ȼɟɪɨɹɬɧɵ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɬɪɭɞɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɲɤɨɥɟ. Ɇɧɨɝɢɟ ɜɡɪɨɫɥɵɟ ɛɭɞɭɬ ɜ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɢ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɬɶ, ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɢɜɚɬɶ ɧɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɜɧɨɫɢɬɶ ɜɤɥɚɞ ɜ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɨ.

Ʌɸɞɢ ɫ ɥɺɝɤɨɣ ɭɦɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɨɬɫɬɚɥɨɫɬɶɸ ɩɪɢɨɛɪɟɬɚɸɬ ɪɟɱɟɜɵɟ ɧɚɜɵɤɢ ɫ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɡɚɞɟɪɠɤɨɣ, ɧɨ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɧɫɬɜɨ ɢɡ ɧɢɯ ɩɪɢɨɛɪɟɬɚɸɬ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɪɟɱɶ ɜ ɩɨɜɫɟɞɧɟɜɧɵɯ ɰɟɥɹɯ, ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɢɜɚɬɶ ɛɟɫɟɞɭ ɢ ɭɱɚɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶ ɜ ɤɥɢɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɪɚɫɫɩɪɨɫɟ. Ȼɨɥɶɲɢɧɫɬɜɨ ɢɡ ɧɢɯ ɞɨɫɬɢɝɚɸɬ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɩɨɥɧɨɣ ɧɟɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɭɯɨɞɚ ɡɚ ɫɨɛɨɣ (ɩɪɢɺɦ ɩɢɳɢ, ɭɦɵɜɚɧɢɟ, ɨɞɟɜɚɧɢɟ, ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ ɧɚɞ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɹɦɢ ɤɢɲɟɱɧɢɤɚ ɢ ɦɨɱɟɜɨɝɨ ɩɭɡɵɪɹ) ɢ ɜ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢ ɞɨɦɚɲɧɢɯ ɧɚɜɵɤɚɯ, ɞɚɠɟ ɟɫɥɢ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɦɟɞɥɟɧɧɟɟ, ɱɟɦ ɜ ɧɨɪɦɟ. Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɡɚɬɪɭɞɧɟɧɢɹ ɨɛɵɱɧɨ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɨɣ ɭɫɩɟɜɚɟɦɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɭ ɦɧɨɝɢɯ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɚɦɢ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɱɬɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɩɢɫɶɦɨ. Ɍɟɦ ɧɟ ɦɟɧɟɟ, ɩɪɢ ɥɺɝɤɨɣ ɭɦɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɨɬɫɬɚɥɨɫɬɢ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɭɸ ɩɨɦɨɳɶ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɩɪɢɧɟɫɬɢ

83

ɆɈȾȿɅɖ ɄɈɆɉɅȿɄɋɇɈɃ ɊȿȺȻɂɅɂɌȺɐɂɂ ɂɇȼȺɅɂȾɈȼ ȼ ɊɈɋɋɂɃɋɄɈɃ ɎȿȾȿɊȺɐɂɂ

ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ, ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɨɟ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɢɯ ɧɚɜɵɤɨɜ ɢ ɩɪɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɦɩɟɧɫɚɬɨɪɧɵɯ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɟɣ. ȼ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɧɫɬɜɟ ɛɥɚɝɨɩɪɢɹɬɧɵɯ ɫɥɭɱɚɟɜ ɥɺɝɤɨɣ ɭɦɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɨɬɫɬɚɥɨɫɬɢ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ ɬɪɭɞɨɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɨ, ɬɪɟɛɭɸɳɟɟ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɧɟ ɫɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɤ ɚɛɫɬɪɚɤɬɧɨɦɭ ɦɵɲɥɟɧɢɸ, ɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɤ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ, ɜɤɥɸɱɚɹ ɧɟɤɜɚɥɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɣ ɢ ɩɨɥɭɤɜɚɥɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɣ ɪɭɱɧɨɣ ɬɪɭɞ. ȼ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ, ɧɟ ɬɪɟɛɭɸɳɢɯ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɨɬɜɥɟɱɺɧɧɨɬɟɨɪɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɫɮɟɪɟ, ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɶ ɥɺɝɤɨɣ ɭɦɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɨɬɫɬɚɥɨɫɬɢ ɫɚɦɚ ɩɨ ɫɟɛɟ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɢ ɧɟ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɬɶ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ. Ɍɟɦ ɧɟ ɦɟɧɟɟ, ɟɫɥɢ ɧɚɪɹɞɭ ɫ ɷɬɢɦ ɨɬɦɟɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɡɚɦɟɬɧɚɹ ɷɦɨɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɢ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɧɟɡɪɟɥɨɫɬɶ, ɬɨ ɩɪɨɹɜɹɬɫɹ ɢ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɹ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɢɹ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɪɨɥɢ, ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɧɟɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɩɪɚɜɥɹɬɶɫɹ ɫ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹɦɢ, ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɦɢ ɫ ɛɪɚɱɧɨɣ ɠɢɡɧɶɸ ɢɥɢ ɜɨɫɩɢɬɚɧɢɟɦ ɞɟɬɟɣ, ɢɥɢ ɡɚɬɪɭɞɧɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɚɞɚɩɬɚɰɢɢ ɤ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɹɦ ɢ ɧɨɪɦɚɦ.

ȼɰɟɥɨɦ, ɭ ɥɢɰ ɫ ɥɺɝɤɨɣ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɶɸ ɭɦɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɨɬɫɬɚɥɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɱɟɫɤɢɟ, ɷɦɨɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɢ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɸɳɚɹ ɜ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɫ ɧɢɦɢ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɧɨɫɬɶ ɜ ɬɟɪɚɩɢɢ ɢ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɤɟ ɝɨɪɚɡɞɨ ɛɨɥɶɲɟ ɧɚɩɨɦɢɧɚɸɬ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ ɭ ɥɸɞɟɣ ɫ ɧɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɭɪɨɜɧɟɦ ɢɧɬɟɥɥɟɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ, ɧɟɠɟɥɢ ɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ ɭ ɥɢɰ ɫ ɭɦɟɪɟɧɧɨɣ ɢ ɬɹɠɟɥɨɣ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɹɦɢ ɭɦɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɨɬɫɬɚɥɨɫɬɢ.

ȼɞɚɧɧɭɸ ɪɭɛɪɢɤɭ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɸɬɫɹ: ɫɥɚɛɨ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɧɚɹ ɭɦɫɬɜɟɧɧɚɹ ɫɭɛɧɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ, ɫɥɚɛɨɭɦɢɟ, ɥɺɝɤɚɹ ɨɥɢɝɨɮɪɟɧɢɹ, ɞɟɛɢɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ.

F71 ɍɦɟɪɟɧɧɚɹ ɭɦɫɬɜɟɧɧɚɹ ɨɬɫɬɚɥɨɫɬɶ:

Ɉɪɢɟɧɬɢɪɨɜɨɱɧɵɣ IQ ɤɨɥɟɛɥɟɬɫɹ ɨɬ 35 ɞɨ 49 (ɜ ɡɪɟɥɨɦ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɟ ɭɦɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɸ ɜ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɟ 6-9 ɥɟɬ). ȼɟɪɨɹɬɧɨ ɡɚɦɟɬɧɨɟ ɨɬɫɬɚɜɚɧɢɟ ɜ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɢ ɫ ɞɟɬɫɬɜɚ, ɧɨ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɧɫɬɜɨ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɨɛɭɱɚɬɶɫɹ ɢ ɞɨɫɬɢɱɶ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɧɟɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɫɚɦɨɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɧɢɢ, ɩɪɢɨɛɪɟɫɬɢ ɚɞɟɤɜɚɬɧɵɟ ɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɢ ɭɱɟɛɧɵɟ ɧɚɜɵɤɢ. ȼɡɪɨɫɥɵɟ ɧɭɠɞɚɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɜɢɞɚɯ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɤɢ ɜ ɛɵɬɭ ɢ ɧɚ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ.

ɍɥɢɰ ɷɬɨɣ ɤɚɬɟɝɨɪɢɢ ɦɟɞɥɟɧɧɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɩɨɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ ɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɪɟɱɢ, ɚ ɨɤɨɧɱɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɜ ɷɬɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɨ. Ɉɬɫɬɚɺɬ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɧɚɜɵɤɨɜ ɫɚɦɨɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɦɨɬɨɪɢɤɢ, ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɩɚɰɢɟɧɬɵ ɧɭɠɞɚɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɧɚɞɡɨɪɟ ɧɚ ɩɪɨɬɹɠɟɧɢɢ ɜɫɟɣ ɠɢɡɧɢ. Ɉɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɵ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɵɟ ɭɫɩɟɯɢ, ɧɨ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɩɚɰɢɟɧɬɨɜ ɨɫɜɚɢɜɚɟɬ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɧɚɜɵɤɢ, ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɟ ɞɥɹ ɱɬɟɧɢɹ, ɩɢɫɶɦɚ, ɫɱɟɬɚ. Ɉɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɞɚɬɶ ɢɦ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɫɜɨɟɝɨ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɚ ɢ ɩɪɢɨɛɪɟɬɟɧɢɹ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɛɚɡɢɫɧɵɯ ɧɚɜɵɤɨɜ: ɬɚɤɢɟ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɡɚɦɟɞɥɟɧɧɨɦɭ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɭ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɫ ɧɟɛɨɥɶɲɢɦ ɨɛɴɺɦɨɦ ɭɫɜɚɢɜɚɟɦɨɝɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ. ȼ ɡɪɟɥɨɦ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɟ ɥɢɰɚ ɫ ɭɦɟɪɟɧɧɨɣ ɭɦɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɨɬɫɬɚɥɨɫɬɶɸ ɨɛɵɱɧɨ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɵ ɤ ɩɪɨɫɬɨɣ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɩɪɢ ɬɳɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɦ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɢ

84

ɆɈȾȿɅɖ ɄɈɆɉɅȿɄɋɇɈɃ ɊȿȺȻɂɅɂɌȺɐɂɂ ɂɇȼȺɅɂȾɈȼ ȼ ɊɈɋɋɂɃɋɄɈɃ ɎȿȾȿɊȺɐɂɂ

ɡɚɞɚɧɢɣ ɢ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɢ ɤɜɚɥɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɧɚɞɡɨɪɚ. ɋɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɧɨ ɧɟɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɟ ɩɪɨɠɢɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɪɢ ɭɦɟɪɟɧɧɨɣ ɭɦɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɨɬɫɬɚɥɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɤɚ ɞɨɫɬɢɝɚɟɬɫɹ ɪɟɞɤɨ. Ɍɟɦ ɧɟ ɦɟɧɟɟ, ɬɚɤɢɟ ɥɸɞɢ, ɜ ɨɛɳɟɦ, ɩɨɥɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɦɨɛɢɥɶɧɵ ɢ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɵ ɢ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɧɫɬɜɨ ɢɡ ɧɢɯ ɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɢɜɚɸɬ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɤɢ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ, ɱɬɨ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɢ ɤ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɸ ɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɨɜ, ɨɛɳɟɧɢɸ ɫ ɞɪɭɝɢɦɢ ɥɸɞɶɦɢ ɢ ɭɱɚɫɬɢɸ ɜ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚɪɧɵɯ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɹɯ.

ȼ ɞɚɧɧɭɸ ɪɭɛɪɢɤɭ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɸɬɫɹ: ɢɦɛɟɰɢɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ, ɭɦɟɪɟɧɧɚɹ ɭɦɫɬɜɟɧɧɚɹ ɫɭɛɧɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ, ɭɦɟɪɟɧɧɚɹ ɨɥɢɝɨɮɪɟɧɢɹ.

F72 Ɍɹɠɺɥɚɹ ɭɦɫɬɜɟɧɧɚɹ ɨɬɫɬɚɥɨɫɬɶ:

Ɉɪɢɟɧɬɢɪɨɜɨɱɧɵɣ IQ ɤɨɥɟɛɥɟɬɫɹ ɨɬ 20 ɞɨ 34 (ɜ ɡɪɟɥɨɦ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɟ ɭɦɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɸ ɜ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɟ 3-6 ɥɟɬ). ȼɟɪɨɹɬɧɚ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨɣ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɤɢ.

ɉɨ ɤɥɢɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɤɚɪɬɢɧɟ, ɧɚɥɢɱɢɸ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɷɬɢɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɢ ɫɨɩɭɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɪɚɫɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜ ɷɬɚ ɤɚɬɟɝɨɪɢɹ ɜɨ ɦɧɨɝɨɦ ɫɯɨɞɧɚ ɫ ɤɚɬɟɝɨɪɢɟɣ ɭɦɟɪɟɧɧɨɣ ɭɦɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɨɬɫɬɚɥɨɫɬɢ. ɇɢɠɧɢɟ ɭɪɨɜɧɢ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɨɬɦɟɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɜ F71, ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɵ ɢ ɞɥɹ ɷɬɨɣ ɝɪɭɩɩɵ ɩɚɰɢɟɧɬɨɜ. ɍ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɧɫɬɜɚ ɛɨɥɶɧɵɯ ɡɞɟɫɶ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɧɚɹ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɶ ɦɨɬɨɪɧɨɝɨ ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɹ ɢɥɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɟ ɫɨɩɭɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɟ ɞɟɮɟɤɬɵ, ɭɤɚɡɵɜɚɸɳɢɟ ɧɚ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɟ ɤɥɢɧɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɡɧɚɱɢɦɨɝɨ ɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɢɥɢ ɚɧɨɦɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɰɟɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɧɟɪɜɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ.

ȼɷɬɭ ɪɭɛɪɢɤɭ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɸɬɫɹ: ɬɹɠɺɥɚɹ ɭɦɫɬɜɟɧɧɚɹ ɫɭɛɧɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ, ɬɹɠɟɥɚɹ ɨɥɢɝɨɮɪɟɧɢɹ.

F73 Ƚɥɭɛɨɤɚɹ ɭɦɫɬɜɟɧɧɚɹ ɨɬɫɬɚɥɨɫɬɶ:

Ɉɪɢɟɧɬɢɪɨɜɨɱɧɵɣ IQ ɧɢɠɟ 20 (ɜ ɡɪɟɥɨɦ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɟ ɭɦɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɧɢɠɟ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɜ ɬɪɟɯɥɟɬɧɟɦ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɟ). ɗɬɨ ɨɡɧɚɱɚɟɬ, ɱɬɨ ɩɚɰɢɟɧɬɵ ɜɟɫɶɦɚ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɵ ɜ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɹɯ ɤ ɩɨɧɢɦɚɧɢɸ ɢɥɢ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɸ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɢɥɢ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɣ. Ɋɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɦ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɬɹɠɺɥɨɟ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɢɟ ɫɚɦɨɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɧɢɹ, ɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɛɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɩɨɞɜɢɠɧɨɫɬɢ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɧɚɹ ɫɟɤɫɭɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ. Ȼɨɥɶɲɢɧɫɬɜɨ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɛɨɥɶɧɵɯ ɧɟɩɨɞɜɢɠɧɵ ɢɥɢ ɪɟɡɤɨ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɵ ɜ ɩɨɞɜɢɠɧɨɫɬɢ, ɱɚɫɬɨ ɫɬɪɚɞɚɸɬ ɧɟɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟɦ ɦɨɱɢ ɢ ɤɚɥɚ,

ɫɧɢɦɢ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɵ ɥɢɲɶ ɫɚɦɵɟ ɪɭɞɢɦɟɧɬɚɪɧɵɟ ɮɨɪɦɵ ɧɟɜɟɪɛɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɰɢɢ. Ɉɧɢ ɦɚɥɨɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɵ ɢɥɢ ɧɟɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɵ ɡɚɛɨɬɢɬɶɫɹ ɨ ɫɜɨɢɯ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɧɨɫɬɹɯ ɢ ɧɭɠɞɚɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨɣ ɩɨɦɨɳɢ ɢ ɧɚɞɡɨɪɟ.

ȼɞɚɧɧɭɸ ɪɭɛɪɢɤɭ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɸɬɫɹ: ɝɥɭɛɨɤɚɹ ɭɦɫɬɜɟɧɧɚɹ ɫɭɛɧɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ, ɢɞɢɨɬɢɹ, ɝɥɭɛɨɤɚɹ ɨɥɢɝɨɮɪɟɧɢɹ.

F78 Ⱦɪɭɝɢɟ ɮɨɪɦɵ ɭɦɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɨɬɫɬɚɥɨɫɬɢ:

ɗɬɚ ɤɚɬɟɝɨɪɢɹ ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɜ ɬɟɯ ɫɥɭɱɚɹɯ, ɤɨɝɞɚ ɨɰɟɧɤɚ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɢɧɬɟɥɥɟɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨɦ ɨɛɵɱɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɞɭɪ ɡɚɬɪɭɞɧɟɧɚ ɢɥɢ ɧɟɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɚ ɢɡ-ɡɚ ɫɨɩɭɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɫɟɧɫɨɪɧɵɯ ɢɥɢ

85

ɆɈȾȿɅɖ ɄɈɆɉɅȿɄɋɇɈɃ ɊȿȺȻɂɅɂɌȺɐɂɂ ɂɇȼȺɅɂȾɈȼ ȼ ɊɈɋɋɂɃɋɄɈɃ ɎȿȾȿɊȺɐɂɂ

ɫɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɢ, ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɫɥɟɩɨɬɵ, ɝɥɭɯɨɬɵ ɢ ɩɪɢ ɬɹɠɟɥɵɯ ɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɪɚɫɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚɯ ɢɥɢ ɢɧɜɚɥɢɞɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɟ ɫɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɡɚɛɨɥɟɜɚɧɢɣ.

F79 ɍɦɫɬɜɟɧɧɚɹ ɨɬɫɬɚɥɨɫɬɶ ɧɟɭɬɨɱɧɺɧɧɚɹ:

ɍɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɢ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨɣ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɩɨ ɨɬɧɟɫɟɧɢɸ ɛɨɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɤ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɢɡ ɜɵɲɟɧɚɡɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɤɚɬɟɝɨɪɢɣ.

ȼ ɷɬɭ ɪɭɛɪɢɤɭ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɸɬɫɹ: ɭɦɫɬɜɟɧɧɚɹ ɞɟɮɢɰɢɬɚɪɧɨɫɬɶ ȻȾɍ, ɭɦɫɬɜɟɧɧɚɹ ɫɭɛɧɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ȻȾɍ, ɨɥɢɝɨɮɪɟɧɢɹ ȻȾɍ.

ɍɦɫɬɜɟɧɧɚɹ ɨɬɫɬɚɥɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɞɟɮɟɤɬ ɢɧɬɟɥɥɟɤɬɚ, ɧɨ ɢ ɧɟɞɨɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɰɟɥɨɦ. ȼ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɫ ɷɬɢɦ ɨɧɚ ɤɥɚɫɫɢɮɢɰɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɩɨ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɭɦɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɧɟɞɨɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ, ɧɨ ɢ ɩɨ ɬɢɩɭ ɞɟɮɟɤɬɚ ɩɫɢɯɢɤɢ ɫ ɭɱɟɬɨɦ ɫɨɩɭɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɩɫɢɯɨɩɚɬɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɪɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɣ, ɜɯɨɞɹɳɢɯ ɜ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɭ ɫɥɚɛɨɭɦɢɹ ɢ ɢɦɟɸɳɢɯ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɞɥɹ ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɝɧɨɡɚ.

ɍɱɺɬ ɬɢɩɨɜ ɞɟɮɟɤɬɚ ɧɚ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɟ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦ ɜ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɫ ɬɟɦ, ɱɬɨ ɭɫɩɟɲɧɨɫɬɶ ɢɧɬɟɥɥɟɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɨɣ, ɤɚɤ ɢ ɜɫɹɤɨɣ ɞɪɭɝɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ, ɞɟɬɟɪɦɢɧɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɭɪɨɜɧɟɦ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɢɧɬɟɥɥɟɤɬɚ, ɧɨ ɢ ɬɚɤɢɦɢ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɚɦɢ, ɤɚɤ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɶ ɦɨɬɢɜɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɫɬɢ, ɧɚɥɢɱɢɟ ɢ ɡɧɚɤ ɷɦɨɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɣ, ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɜɨɥɟɜɨɝɨ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ ɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ, ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɧɵɟ ɤɨɦɩɟɧɫɚɬɨɪɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɹ, ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɦ ɷɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɨɦ ɢ ɪɹɞɨɦ ɤɥɢɧɢɤɨ-ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ. ȼɵɞɟɥɹɸɬ ɱɟɬɵɪɟ ɬɢɩɚ ɞɟɮɟɤɬɚ ɩɫɢɯɢɤɢ ɭ ɥɢɰ ɫ ɭɦɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɨɬɫɬɚɥɨɫɬɶɸ [17]:

ɉɪɨɫɬɨɣ (ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɣ) ɬɢɩ ɞɟɮɟɤɬɚ.

Ɍɢɩ ɞɟɮɟɤɬɚ ɫ ɷɦɨɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨ-ɜɨɥɟɜɵɦɢ ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɹɦɢ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɟɬ ɩɫɢɯɨɩɚɬɨɩɨɞɨɛɧɵɣ ɢ ɬɨɪɩɢɞɧɵɣ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɵ.

Ⱥɫɬɟɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɬɢɩ. ɋɥɨɠɧɵɣ ɬɢɩ ɞɟɮɟɤɬɚ.

ɉɪɢ ɩɪɨɫɬɨɦ (ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɦ) ɬɢɩɟ ɭɦɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɨɬɫɬɚɥɨɫɬɢ ɨɬɦɟɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɫɬɶ ɷɦɨɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɮɟɪɵ, ɭɪɚɜɧɨɜɟɲɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɧɟɪɜɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ, ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɟ ɫɬɨɣɤɢɯ ɫɨɦɚɬɨɧɟɜɪɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɣ. Ɍɚɤɢɟ ɥɸɞɢ ɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɢɜɚɸɬ ɜɵɫɨɤɢɟ ɩɟɪɰɟɩɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ, ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɭɸ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɹ, ɯɨɪɨɲɭɸ ɜɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɟɦɨɫɬɶ. ɍ ɧɢɯ ɥɟɝɤɨ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɸɬɫɹ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɰɟɧɧɵɟ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɵ, ɧɚɜɵɤɢ ɚɞɟɤɜɚɬɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹ ɤ ɠɢɡɧɟɧɧɵɦ ɨɛɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚɦ, ɫɬɨɣɤɢɟ ɬɪɭɞɨɜɵɟ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ.

ɉɨ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɦɟɧɬɭ ɷɬɨ ɫɢɥɶɧɵɣ, ɭɪɚɜɧɨɜɟɲɟɧɧɵɣ, ɩɨɞɜɢɠɧɵɣ ɬɢɩ ɩɫɢɯɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ, ɷɦɨɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨ ɚɞɟɤɜɚɬɟɧ, ɪɟɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɧɟɜɵɫɨɤɚ, ɦɚɥɨ ɫɟɧɡɢɬɢɜɟɧ, ɞɨɛɪɨɞɭɲɟɧ. ɋɤɥɨɧɟɧ ɤ ɷɦɨɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɹɦ ɧɚ ɨɛɢɞɭ, ɧɨ ɨɬɯɨɞɱɢɜ ɢ ɧɟ ɡɥɨɛɥɢɜ. Ɍɚɤɢɟ ɥɸɞɢ ɯɨɪɨɲɨ ɭɞɟɪɠɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɝɪɭɩɩɚɯ; ɫɤɥɨɧɧɵ ɤ ɫɨɜɦɟɫɬɧɨɣ

86

ɆɈȾȿɅɖ ɄɈɆɉɅȿɄɋɇɈɃ ɊȿȺȻɂɅɂɌȺɐɂɂ ɂɇȼȺɅɂȾɈȼ ȼ ɊɈɋɋɂɃɋɄɈɃ ɎȿȾȿɊȺɐɂɂ

ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ, ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɩɨɞɱɢɧɹɟɦɵ, ɜɧɭɲɚɟɦɵ, ɲɢɪɨɤɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬ ɧɚɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɧɵɟ ɠɢɡɧɟɧɧɵɟ ɫɬɟɪɟɨɬɢɩɵ, ɩɨɤɥɚɞɢɫɬɵ, ɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɟɦɵ. ȼ ɬɪɭɞɨɜɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɧɢ ɬɪɭɞɨɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɵ, ɫɤɥɨɧɧɵ ɤ ɦɨɧɨɬɨɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ, ɬɪɟɛɭɸɬ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ, ɱɺɬɤɨ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɴɺɦɚ, ɪɢɬɦɚ, ɤɨɧɟɱɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɚ. ɋɢɫɬɟɦɚ “ə ɢ ɆɂɊ” ɭɩɪɨɳɟɧɚ, ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɚ ɤɪɭɝɨɦ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɵɯ ɫɭɠɞɟɧɢɣ ɢ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɣ. Ɇɨɬɢɜɚɰɢɹ (ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ): ɰɟɥɢ, ɢɞɟɚɥɵ, ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ ɩɪɢɡɟɦɥɺɧɧɵɟ, ɩɪɨɫɬɵɟ; ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɭɸɬɫɹ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɧɵɦɢ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɫɬɟɪɟɨɬɢɩɚɦɢ, ɜ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɚɯ ɢ ɠɟɥɚɧɢɹɯ ɪɢɝɢɞɧɵ, ɦɟɧɹɸɬ ɢɯ ɫ ɬɪɭɞɨɦ. Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ ɜ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɜɨɸ ɦɨɬɢɜɚɰɢɸ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɭɸɬ ɭɞɨɜɥɟɬɜɨɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ.

Ɍɢɩ ɞɟɮɟɤɬɚ ɫ ɷɦɨɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨ-ɜɨɥɟɜɵɦɢ ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɹɦɢ ɢ ɩɫɢɯɨɩɚɬɨɩɨɞɨɛɧɨɦ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɨɦ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɱɟɪɬɚɦɢ ɜɨɡɛɭɞɢɦɨɝɨ ɬɢɩɚ. ɗɬɢ ɥɸɞɢ ɫ ɞɟɬɫɤɢɯ ɥɟɬ ɬɪɭɞɧɵ ɜ ɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɢ, ɧɟ ɭɞɟɪɠɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɤɨɥɥɟɤɬɢɜɟ, ɝɪɭɛɵ, ɧɟɞɢɫɰɢɩɥɢɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵ, ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɛɟɫɩɨɤɨɣɧɵ, ɫɤɥɨɧɧɵ ɤ ɛɟɫɰɟɥɶɧɨɣ, ɛɟɡɦɨɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ. ɇɟɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɫɬɶ ɧɚɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɹ, ɥɺɝɤɨɫɬɶ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɹ ɚɮɮɟɤɬɨɜ, ɪɢɝɢɞɧɨɫɬɶ ɷɬɢɯ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɣ, ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɟ ɷɦɨɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɡɪɟɥɨɫɬɢ ɡɚɬɪɭɞɧɹɸɬ ɢɯ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨ-ɬɪɭɞɨɜɭɸ ɚɞɚɩɬɚɰɢɸ. ɋɩɟɰɢɮɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɢɯ ɭɦɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɟ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɹ, ɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɚɹ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶ ɤ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɢ, ɛɵɫɬɪɚɹ ɢɫɬɨɳɚɟɦɨɫɬɶ ɜɨɥɟɜɨɝɨ ɭɫɢɥɢɹ. ɉɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɧɚɜɵɤɢ ɭ ɧɢɯ ɜɵɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɞɨɜɨɥɶɧɨ ɛɵɫɬɪɨ, ɧɨ ɬɪɭɞɨɜɵɟ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ ɧɟɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɵ. Ɉɧɢ ɬɪɟɛɭɸɬ ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ ɢɯ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɢ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɚ, ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨ ɜ ɧɚɱɚɥɟ ɬɪɭɞɨɜɨɣ ɚɞɚɩɬɚɰɢɢ, ɫ ɭɱɺɬɨɦ ɢɯ ɫɤɥɨɧɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɤ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɺɧɧɨɦɭ ɜɢɞɭ ɬɪɭɞɚ.

ɉɪɢ ɬɨɪɩɢɞɧɨɦ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɟ ɨɬɦɟɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɫɢɯɨɦɨɬɨɪɧɚɹ ɡɚɬɨɪɦɨɠɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ, ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɪɚɫɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚ ɩɚɦɹɬɢ ɢ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɹ (ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɟ ɨɛɴɟɦɚ ɩɚɦɹɬɢ, ɩɚɬɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɹ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɹ, ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɟ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɚ ɤ ɤɚɤɨɣ-ɥɢɛɨ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ), ɬɪɭɞɨɜɵɟ ɧɚɜɵɤɢ ɜɵɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɦɟɞɥɟɧɧɨ ɢ ɨɬɥɢɱɚɸɬɫɹ ɧɟɫɬɨɣɤɨɫɬɶɸ.

ɉɪɢ ɚɫɬɟɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɬɢɩɟ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɡɚɦɟɞɥɟɧɢɟ ɬɟɦɩɚ ɩɫɢɯɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ, ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɧɚɹ ɭɬɨɦɥɹɟɦɨɫɬɶ, ɧɟɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɢɫɬɨɳɚɟɦɨɫɬɶ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɹ, ɧɢɡɤɚɹ ɜɵɧɨɫɥɢɜɨɫɬɶ ɤ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɨɦɭ ɢ ɩɫɢɯɢɱɟɫɤɨɦɭ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɸ, ɧɟɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶ ɜ ɩɨɥɧɨɦ ɨɛɴɺɦɟ ɨɜɥɚɞɟɬɶ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɢ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɹɦɢ, ɫɤɥɨɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɤ ɞɟɤɨɦɩɟɧɫɚɰɢɹɦ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ.

ɉɨɞ ɨɫɥɨɠɧɟɧɧɵɦ ɬɢɩɨɦ ɭɦɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɨɬɫɬɚɥɨɫɬɢ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɩɨɧɢɦɚɬɶ ɫɨɱɟɬɚɧɢɟ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɢɧɬɟɥɥɟɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɫ ɝɪɭɛɨɣ ɫɨɦɚɬɨɧɟɜɪɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɩɚɬɨɥɨɝɢɟɣ (ɩɪɢɩɚɞɤɢ, ɩɚɪɚɥɢɱɢ, cɥɟɩɨɬɚ, ɝɥɭɯɨɬɚ, ɧɟɞɨɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɤɨɧɟɱɧɨɫɬɟɣ, ɩɨɪɨɤɢ ɫɟɪɞɰɚ ɢ ɬ.ɞ.). ɉɨɞɨɛɧɨɟ ɫɨɱɟɬɚɧɢɟ ɫɢɦɩɬɨɦɚɬɢɤɢ ɟɳɺ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɢɜɚɟɬ ɠɢɡɧɟɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɬɚɤɢɯ

87

ɆɈȾȿɅɖ ɄɈɆɉɅȿɄɋɇɈɃ ɊȿȺȻɂɅɂɌȺɐɂɂ ɂɇȼȺɅɂȾɈȼ ȼ ɊɈɋɋɂɃɋɄɈɃ ɎȿȾȿɊȺɐɂɂ

ɥɸɞɟɣ, ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨ ɜ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɫɚɦɨɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɧɢɹ, ɩɟɪɟɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɹ, ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ, ɬɪɭɞɨɜɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ.

ȼ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚ ɥɸɞɟɣ ɫ ɭɦɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɨɬɫɬɚɥɨɫɬɶɸ ɜ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɦɢ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɹɦɢ [2]:

xɩɪɢɦɟɪɧɨ 10% ɧɭɠɞɚɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨɦ ɧɚɞɡɨɪɟ ɢ ɭɯɨɞɟ;

x15% ɩɪɨɠɢɜɚɸɬ ɜ ɢɧɬɟɪɧɚɬɚɯ ɢɥɢ ɩɫɢɯɢɚɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɛɨɥɶɧɢɰɚɯ;

x75 % ɩɪɨɠɢɜɚɸɬ ɫ ɪɨɞɢɬɟɥɹɦɢ;

x10% ɢɦɟɸɬ ɫɜɨɸ ɫɟɦɶɸ;

x60% ɧɭɠɞɚɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɢ ɢ ɬɪɭɞɨɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɟ. ɍɦɫɬɜɟɧɧɚɹ ɨɬɫɬɚɥɨɫɬɶ ɲɢɪɨɤɨ ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɚ ɫɪɟɞɢ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ

ɜɫɟɝɨ ɦɢɪɚ (ɩɪɢɧɹɬɨ ɫɱɢɬɚɬɶ, ɱɬɨ ɟɸ ɫɬɪɚɞɚɸɬ ɨɬ 1% ɞɨ 5% ɨɬ ɜɫɟɯ ɥɸɞɟɣ). ɋɨɝɥɚɫɧɨ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ ȼɫɟɦɢɪɧɨɣ Ɉɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ Ɂɞɪɚɜɨɨɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɢɛɥɢɡɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ 156 ɦɢɥɥɢɨɧɨɜ ɥɸɞɟɣ ɢɥɢ 5% ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɦɢɪɚ ɢɦɟɸɬ ɭɦɫɬɜɟɧɧɭɸ ɨɬɫɬɚɥɨɫɬɶ. ɂɡ ɧɢɯ ɩɪɢɛɥɢɡɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ 60% ɢɦɟɸɬ ɥɟɝɤɭɸ, 30% - ɭɦɟɪɟɧɧɭɸ, 10% - ɬɹɠɺɥɭɸ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɭɦɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɨɬɫɬɚɥɨɫɬɢ.

Ⱦɚɧɧɵɟ ɨ ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɭɦɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɨɬɫɬɚɥɨɫɬɢ ɪɚɡɧɨɪɟɱɢɜɵ, ɱɬɨ ɨɛɴɹɫɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɪɹɞɨɦ ɩɪɢɱɢɧ. ɍɦɫɬɜɟɧɧɚɹ ɨɬɫɬɚɥɨɫɬɶ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɨ ɫɜɨɟɣ ɝɥɭɛɢɧɟ, ɢ ɟɺ ɞɢɚɝɧɨɫɬɢɤɚ, ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨ ɷɬɨ ɤɚɫɚɟɬɫɹ ɥɺɝɤɨɣ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ, ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɡɚɬɪɭɞɧɟɧɚ. Ʌɢɰɚ, ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɫ ɥɟɝɤɨɣ ɞɟɛɢɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɢɥɢ ɬɚɤ ɧɚɡɵɜɚɟɦɨɣ ɩɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɧɨɣ ɭɦɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɨɬɫɬɚɥɨɫɬɶɸ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɧɢɤɨɝɞɚ ɧɟ ɩɨɩɚɫɬɶ ɜ ɩɨɥɟ ɡɪɟɧɢɹ ɩɫɢɯɢɚɬɪɨɜ, ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɨɥɨɝɨɜ, ɩɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɨɜ, ɞɟɮɟɤɬɨɥɨɝɨɜ. ȼ ɪɹɞɟ ɫɥɭɱɚɟɜ ɬɪɭɞɧɨ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ, ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɥɢ ɭɦɫɬɜɟɧɧɚɹ ɨɬɫɬɚɥɨɫɬɶ ɢɫɬɢɧɧɨɣ, ɢɥɢ ɷɬɨ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɚɹ ɡɚɞɟɪɠɤɚ ɩɫɢɯɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɤɚɤ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬ ɬɨɝɨ, ɱɬɨ ɪɟɛɺɧɨɤ ɜɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɟ ɧɟɛɥɚɝɨɩɪɢɹɬɧɵɯ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ ɛɵɥ ɥɢɲɺɧ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɡɧɚɤɨɦɢɬɶɫɹ ɫ ɬɟɦ ɡɚɩɚɫɨɦ ɨɛɳɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɡɧɚɧɢɣ ɢ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɨɣ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɟɣ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɦɢ ɜ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨɣ ɦɟɪɟ ɨɜɥɚɞɟɥɢ ɟɝɨ ɫɜɟɪɫɬɧɢɤɢ. ɇɚ ɫɜɨɟɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɟ ɜɵɹɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɷɬɢɯ ɥɢɰ ɜɥɢɹɸɬ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɡɞɪɚɜɨɨɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ, ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɭɟɦɵɟ ɦɟɬɨɞɵ ɞɢɚɝɧɨɫɬɢɤɢ, ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵ ɢ ɦɧɨɝɢɟ ɞɪɭɝɢɟ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɵ. ȼ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɟ ɞɟɫɹɬɢɥɟɬɢɹ, ɩɨ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ ɦɢɪɨɜɨɣ ɫɬɚɬɢɫɬɢɤɢ, ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɨɬɱɺɬɥɢɜɵɣ ɪɨɫɬ ɱɢɫɥɚ ɥɢɰ ɫ ɭɦɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɨɬɫɬɚɥɨɫɬɶɸ. ɗɬɨ ɭɬɜɟɪɠɞɟɧɢɟ ɫɩɪɚɜɟɞɥɢɜɨ ɢ ɞɥɹ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ.

Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɵɦɢ ɩɪɢɱɢɧɚɦɢ ɪɨɫɬɚ ɱɢɫɥɚ ɥɢɰ ɫ ɭɦɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɨɬɫɬɚɥɨɫɬɶɸ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɨ ɫɱɢɬɚɬɶ ɭɯɭɞɲɟɧɢɟ ɝɟɧɨɮɨɧɞɚ, ɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɟ ɞɟɬɫɤɨɣ ɫɦɟɪɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɢ ɬɹɠɺɥɨɣ ɩɚɬɨɥɨɝɢɢ, ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɟ ɜɵɹɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɥɸɞɟɣ ɫ ɭɦɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɨɬɫɬɚɥɨɫɬɶɸ ɢ ɭɯɭɞɲɟɧɢɟ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɢ [28]. Ɉɬɦɟɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɹɜɧɨɟ ɩɪɟɨɛɥɚɞɚɧɢɟ ɛɨɥɶɧɵɯ ɫ ɨɥɢɝɨɮɪɟɧɢɟɣ ɜ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɟ ɨɬ 7 ɞɨ 19 ɥɟɬ (ɩɨ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɸ ɫ ɞɪɭɝɢɦɢ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɧɵɦɢ ɝɪɭɩɩɚɦɢ), ɱɬɨ ɨɛɴɹɫɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɦɢ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɹɦɢ ɜɵɹɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɨɥɢɝɨɮɪɟɧɢɢ ɜ ɞɚɧɧɨɦ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɧɨɦ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɟ [4].

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