Ответьте на вопросы к тексту.

1. How can connections in steel be made?

2. What do normal jointing methods allow?

3. What does high quality of a steel joint result from?

4. What do these qualities of a steel joint account for?

5. What is the use of prefabricated components limited by?

6. What do steel structures require?

7. Why do they require it?

Лексические упражнения

Упражнение 1. а) Переведите на русский язык приведенные ниже существительные:

erection, means, transport, steelwork, welding, error, interval, movement joint, storey, plasticity,

прилагательные и наречия:

simple, fixed,

глаголы:

result from, improve, bolt, prefabricate.

b) Если Вы не знаете слово, найдите его в словаре. Выпишите из словаря то значение слова, в котором оно использовано в тексте.

Упражнение 2. Найдите перевод слов списка А в списке В.

A лес удобный значительный строительная площадка один стык качество быть причиной

B connection stable between joint quality convenient require subject to

A пространственный устойчивый подвергаться требовать соединение между кран выбор

B single account for choice site crane dimensional timber significant

Упражнение 3. Напишите предложения с каждым из перечисленных ниже слов:

plastic (adj.) - plasticity

weld - welding

loss - lose

Урок 1.10 Фонетическое задание

Прочитайте транскрипцию в списке A, соотнесите её с соответствующим словом из списка B и переведите слово на русский язык. Учтите, что не все слова списка В даны в списке А.

A

['lxmIneItId]; [steIG]; [rI'laIqbql]; [skrH]; ['seljVlq]; [jH'nJk]; [glH]; [Ik'spleIn]; ["mxnjV'fxkCq]; [weIt]; ['mPdjVlqs]; ["nevqDq'les]; ['laI]; [greIn]

B

weighed manufacture screw cellular

nonetheless modulus glue nevertheless

grain laminated lie manufacturer

lay stage reliable unique

glee explain models weight

Текст A

WOOD

Many of the qualities that make wood a unique building material result from the structure of wood. It has a cellular structure which looks like a number of tubes that lie in the direction of the grain. They have approximately square cross-sections and are weakly glued one to the other. This can explain why wood is weak across the grain, and why its compressive strength is only about ⅓ of its tensile strength. Wood is the most popular construction material all over the world if we speak about the amount which is used and the number of suitable applications. Commercial woods are divided into softwoods such as pines and firs and hardwoods such as oak and ash. However the development of some reliable wood glues has brought in a range of manufactured products which are based on wood such as glued laminated timber, plywoods, etc.

The qualities of wood depend on its moisture content. Moisture content affects the weight, strength, durability and size of wood. For example, dry wood has about twice the strength and stiffness of green wood.

Wood has low strength under long term loads and at high temperatures but it has good resistance to short term loads and high strength at low temperatures.

Wood has good stiffness, which means that it has a relatively high value of elastic modulus. Nevertheless, deflection is often the critical factor in the design of timber beams. Under long term loads, the further deformations due to creep may cause sagging, if it is not taken into account at the design stage.

Wood is a very good material to cut and work and, because of its structure, it is able to accept nails. Common methods of fixing are with nails, screws, bolts, metal plates, etc.

Notes:

ash n. ясень

cellular adj. ячеистый

commercial wood деловая древесина

grain n. волокно

green wood древесина на корню

oak n. дуб

pine n. сосна

plywood n. фанера

sagging n. прогиб