2) These are some of the sentences that you will hear in the lecture. Read them paying attention to the italicized words and expressions.

1. When the barbarians conquered the continent of Europe, it was Ireland that kept alive Western culture and learning.

2. In the twelfth century - that is to say in the 1100s - the Norman-English conquest of Ireland began.

3. Throughout the eighteenth century - that is, throughout the 1700s - the Irish suffered from economic exploitation and political and religious persecution.

4. In the four years after the potato crop failure, more than one million people died of starvation.

5. The ships were called "floating coffins" because of the large number of people who died on board during the journey.

6. The Great Potato Famine occurred in 1847.

7. English was the language of the politicians, the clergy, and the landlords.

8. The government decreed that knowledge of the Irish language was required for all elementary school teachers.

9. By 1949 only 8.2 percent of the teachers lacked a certificate to teach Irish to the school children.

10. The near-extinction of a language spoken for more than two thousand years has, perhaps, been slowed down, or even stopped altogether.

4. Listen to the lecture. While you listen to the lecture, you should be looking at the Note-Taking Model, which is brief, which is in outline form, and which contains only the necessary facts and information contained in the lecture.

Note-Taking Model

Languages in Conflict: Irish and English

Rep. of Ire.	nw. Eur. land area = 26,600 sq. mi. pop. = 3 m.
No. Ire.	Br. Commonwealth - sep. - Rep. of Ire.
Mid. Ages	5th and 6th c. = prin. cult, center Eur. kept alive - West. cult. & learn. when barbs. conqd.
12th c.	(late 1100s) -Norm. Eng. conquest began, controlled Ire.
16th c.	lands taken - given to Eng. + Scot. settlers rebellions put down
18th c.	(1700s) - econ. exploit. + pol. & rel. persec. people – poverty
late 1840s 1830s 4 yrs. later	potato crop failed bad weather - (pot. prin. food) pop. = 9m. = +1 m. died - starv. = + 1 ½ m. left - Canada, U.S., others - floating coffins
early 19th c.	Irish spoken everywhere - Ire.
after GPF – 1847 - 1870	" dec./Eng. replaced Irish only 20% spoke nat. lang.
lat. ½ 19th c.	Eng. lang. of schools, pol., clergy, & landlords Eng. - lang. of rulers - Irish - lang. of ruled
1922	self-gov't.
'49	free repub. ->movement -> Irish nat. lang. know Irish - elem. teachers
by '49	only 8.2% - no certific. - teach Irish - children
today	Irish — req. subj. coll. matric. since 1913 (except Trinity — Dublin) gov't. papers - 2 lang newspapers - Irish pol. must speak Irish ext. lang. spoken + 2,000 yrs. - slowed, stopped