8. Express the main idea of every paragraph in one sentence. Factors Affecting Leadership Styles

The type of leadership style adopted by managers will depend on various factors.

• The task.A certain task may be the result of an emergency, which might need immediate response from a person in authority. The speed of decision needed and action taken may require an authoritarian or autocratic style of leadership.

• The tradition of the organization.A business may develop its own culture which is the result of the interactions of all employees at different levels. This can result in one type of leadership style, because of a pattern of behavior that has been developed in the organization. For example, in the public sector leadership is often democratic because of the need to consult with politicians.

• The type of labour force.A more highly skilled workforce might be most productive when their opinions are sought. Democratic leadership styles may be more appropriate in this case.

• The group size.Democratic leadership styles can lead to confusion the greater the size of the group.

• The leader’s personality.The personality of one manager may be different to another manager and certain leadership styles might suit one but not the other. For example, an aggressive, competitive personality may be more suited to an authoritarian leadership style.

• Group personality.Some people prefer to be directed rather than contribute, either because of lack of interest, previous experience, or because they believe that the manager is paid to take decisions and shoulder responsibility. If this is the case, then an autocratic leadership style is more likely to lead top effective decision making.

• Time.The time available to complete a task might influence the leadership style adopted. For example, if a project has to be finished quickly, there may be no time for discussion and an autocratic style may be adopted.

Do you know these words?

emergency	критическое положение
response	ответ, отклик
pattern	модель
to seek (sought, sought)	просить, обращаться
appropriate	подходящий
confusion	замешательство, путаница, беспорядок
competitive	конкурирующий, соперничающий
to shoulder	взваливать, брать на себя

1. Answer these questions:

1. State 6 factors which might affect the choice of leadership style.

2. What style of leadership is common in the public sector? Why?

3. What leadership style may be more appropriate if the workforce is highly skilled?

4. Democratic leadership style cannot always be adopted in large groups. Why?

5. Does the leader’s personality influence the choice of the leadership style? How?

6. What style is more likely to lead to effective decision-making if people prefer to be directed rather than contribute?

7. What leadership style may be adopted if the time for implementation of the project is limited?

2. Translate the sentences into Russian; define the functions of the verbs “to have” and “to be”.

1. If a project has to be finished quickly an autocratic style may be adopted.

2. Some people prefer to be directed rather than contribute.

3. In the public sector leadership is often democratic.

4. We have enough time to discuss the matter and develop a solution.

5. A pattern of behavior that has been developed in the organization influences the choice of leadership style.

6. In democratic leadership style employees’ opinions are to be sought.

3. Insert prepositions:

1. Organization culture is the result of the interactions … all employees … different levels.

2. … the public sector there is a need to consult … politicians.

3. I would prefer to work … highly skilled employees.

4. Unfortunately, we have no time … discussion.

5. The choice … leadership style will depend … various factors.

4. Find in the text the words that mean the same as:

manner of doing something

way of conducting oneself

answer given in word or act

dictatorial

workers engaged or available somewhere

Judgment or thoughts on a particular question

to take burden

charge for which one is responsible

conversation, debate

5. Find in the text English equivalents for:

Личность руководителя, эффективное принятие решений, брать на себя ответственность, предыдущий опыт, немедленный отклик, различные факторы, критическая ситуация, рабочая сила, взаимодействие на разных уровнях.

6. Translate these sentences into English.

1. Существует ряд факторов, влияющих на выбор стиля руководства.

2. Стиль руководства зависит от размера группы, личности руководителя, традиций организации и других факторов.

3. в критических ситуациях часто требуется автократический стиль руководства.

4. недостатки автократического стиля – это малая сплочённость и низкий уровень мотивации работников.

5. в общественном секторе часто используется демократический стиль руководства.

6. Высококвалифицированные служащие работают лучше, если руководитель прислушивается к их мнению.

7. Некоторые люди предпочитают, чтобы ими руководили.

8. Взаимодействуя на различных уровнях, служащие вырабатывают определённую модель поведения.