Тема 6.
Австралия и Новая Зеландия
План
Географическое положение и государственное устройство Австралии.
Страдательный залог времени Past Simple
Предлоги времени.
Географическое положение и государственное устройство Новой Зеландии.
Словообразование имен прилагательных.
1.Географическое положение и государственное устройство Австралии
Study the list of words, use the dictionary to translate and learn them by heart.
expanses
completely
topographic regions
sandy
coastal
plateau
diversity
inferior
density
ancestry
combine
sovereign
former
producer
wheat
Read and translate the text.
A
ustralia
Australia is lying south-east of Asia, between the Pacific and Indian oceans. It is the world's smallest continent which is almost completely surrounded by ocean expanses. Its total area is 7,682,300 sq. km.
The continent of Australia is divided into four general topographic regions: a low, sandy eastern coastal plain, the eastern highlands, the central plain, and the western plateau. Although Australia has a wide diversity of climatic conditions, the climate of Australia is generally warm and dry, with no extreme cold and little frost. It changes from comfortably mild in the south to hot in the central inferior and north.
The total population in 1986 was about 16 million people with the average population density of about 2 persons per sq. km. Most Australians are of British or Irish ancestry. More than 99% of the population speaks English. The capital of Australia is Canberra. Australia has a federal parliamentary government. The Australian federation was formed on January 1, 1901, from six former British colonies, which there upon became states. The Australian constitution combines the traditions of British parliamentary monarchy with important elements of the US federal system. Powers of the federal government are enumerated and limited. The government consists of the British sovereign and the Australian Parliament.
Australia is the world's largest wool producer and one of the world's largest wheat exporters. The main sources of foreign earn are wool, food and minerals which also provide raw materials for high processing industry.
2.Страдательный залог времени Past Simple
Remember!
Choose the right form of the verbs in parentheses(). Read some more facts about Australian history.
Australia (to discover) by the Portuguese in the XVI century. The northern and western coasts of Australia (to discover) by the Dutch in the early XVII century and (to name) New Holland, Tasman discovered Tasmania in 1642. Dampier (to be) the first Englishman to visit Australia, in 1688 and 1699.
The land (to be) unattractive, however, and the continent ( to remain) undisturbed until 1770, when the English navigator Captain James Cook chartered almost the entire eastern coast, (to name) region around it New South Wales, and (to claim) it for Great Britain. Eighteen years later, on Jan. 26, 1788, the first settlement (to establish) at Port Jackson, the site of the present city of Sydney.
Among the explorers of Australia ( to be) George Bass (for whom was named the Bass Strait, separating Australia and Tasmania), Matthew Flinders (an associate of Bass in the late XVIII century, who first surveyed much of the W. coast of Australia in 1828), Edward John Eyre (who explored much of the interior during the middle of the XIX century), Friedrich Wilhelm Ludwig Leichardt (a German explorer and geologist who (to cross) the continent in 1844—1845), Robert O'Hara Burke (who, during the early 1860s, made the first north-south crossing of the continent) and others.
The history of modern Australia (to begin) as recently as the first English settlement in 1788; the relatively short period of time since then ( to witness) the whole process of development from a tiny convict settlement to a highly complex modern industrial society.
Choose the right answer. Only one answer is correct.
1.The capital of Australia is:
a) Ottawa; b) Canberra; c) Sydney; d) West Coast.
2.The history of modern Australia begins in:
a) 1770; b) 1778; c) 1897; d) 1492
3. An Australian wild dog is called:
a) Hot dog; b) Sausage dog; c) Lassie; d) Dingo.
5. The English navigator Captain James Cook chartered almost the entire eastern coast in :
a) 1770; b)1365; c) 1778; d) 1828;
6. The northern and western coasts of Australia were discovered by the Dutch in the :
a)17century; b) 11 century; c)15 century; d)18 century;