Vocabulary notes

small business (small businesses) n-count - малый бизнес; малое

предприятие

to distinguish v - различать, проводить различие

to employ v - нанимать, предоставлять работу

employer n - работодатель

to contribute v - 1. содействовать, способствовать

2. вносить вклад

contribution n - содействие; вклад

industry n - (зд) отрасль экономической

деятельности

flexibility n - гибкость, эластичность, подвижность

overhead costs n - накладные расходы

to match v - соответствовать, сравняться

market niche n - ниша рынка

market segment n - сегмент рынка (часть рынка,

ориентированная на определённые потребительские группы)

advantage n - преимущество

high-tech jobs n - работы с высокими технологиями

double-knit fabric n – двухфонтурное кругловязаное полотно

fiber-optic examining equipment n - волоконно-оптическое оборудование

heart valve n - искусственный сердечный клапан

optical scanner n - оптический сканнер

pacemaker n - электрокардиостимулятор (прибор

для поддержания нормального

сердечного ритма у кардиобольных)

security n - безопасность; обеспечение безопасности

to make their own destinies phr - решать собственную судьбу

genetic engineering n - генная инженерия

robotics n - робототехника

twice as many phr- вдвое больше

good judgment n - трезвый расчёт, здравомыслие

the only thing certain anymore is that…phr - единственное, что остаётся

несомненным, это то, что….

5. Be ready to work on the projects offered below:

1) Business as the activity of producing, distributing, and selling goods and

services for a profit.

2) Tangible goods and intangible services.

3) Characteristics of a product.

4) Business drives the economic pulse of a nation.

5) The role of small businesses in national economies.

6) The importance of studying business.

UNIT 2

I. Text the economic foundations of business

“Interdependence re-creates the world in the

Image of a global village.”

– Marshall McLuban (1911–1980),

Canadian educator and author

Economics, the social science, is the study of how resources are distributed for the production of goods and services within a social system. Economics affects each of us, since everyone is involved in producing, distributing, or simply consuming goods and services. In fact, your life is affected by economics everyday. When you decide what goods to buy, what services to use, or what activities to fit into your schedule, you are making economic choices. Businesses also make economic decisions when they choose how to use human and natural resources, invest in machinery and buildings, and form partnerships with other firms.

Economists refer to the study of small economic units, such as individual consumers, families, and businesses, as microeconomics. Microeconomics focuses on the specific details of the economy – like companies, households, or industries. On a broader level, government decisions about the operation of the country’s economy also affect you, your job, and your financial future. The study of a country’s overall economic issues is called macroeconomics (macro means large). Macroeconomics deals with the “big picture”, as looking down at a country from a plane. This discipline addresses such problems as how an economy maintains and allocates resources and how government policies affect people’s standards of living.