3. Borrowing and Lending

Choose the correct alternative to complete each sentence:

1. If you possess something, you can say that you ………. it.

a. owe b. own c. owner

2. If you have borrowed money and you have to repay someone, you ……….

money.

a. owe b. own c. lend

3. To let someone else have the use of your money for a certain period of

time, after which it must be paid back, is to ………. .

a. borrow b. lend c. credit

4. To take money that has to be repaid is, on the contrary, to ………. .

a. borrow b. lend c. steal

5. An amount of money lent by a bank is a/an ………. .

a. income b. debt c. loan

6. A person who has borrowed money is a ………. .

a. creditor b. debtor c. owner

7. Another word for a lender is a/an ………. .

a. creditor b. debtor c. owner

8. The income received by someone who lends money is called ………. .

a. dividends b. interest c. interests

4. Read Nick Carter’s story and fill in the spaces with necessary words and

word combinations given below:

financial management; cost of capital; on favorable terms;

movement of money; investments; get into trouble;

debt financing; cash flow; monitoring;

company’s obligations; positive; negative;

forced to bankruptcy; financial manager; financial standing;

short-term financing; out; equity financing;

Hi, I’m Nick Carter and I’m a ………. in a large company producing medicine and medical equipment. I’m responsible for the daily ………. of a company’s ……….. . Remember that cash flow is the ………. through a company on a daily, weekly, monthly, and yearly basis. Ensuring that there are enough funds on hand to meet the ………. is one of the most important tasks of ………. .. You know that cash flow may be either ………. or ………. . If too much cash goes ………. of the company, the firm may ………. Sometimes it could be ………. .

Developing new medicine is expensive and needs big ………. . Financial managers have to find ways to raise necessary funds on………. . It means that the price the company must pay to raise money – it is called ………. – should be as low as it is possible. But this task is rather difficult to implement because a dollar is worth less tomorrow than it is today. As a result, long-term financing generally costs a company more than ………. .

However, if you asked me which one is the lesser of two evils – ………. or ………. – I wouldn’t be able to answer at once. Everything depends on the circumstances as for instance, your company’s ………. or economic conditions. My job is rather complicated though very interesting. If I had to decide again what profession to choose, I would certainly choose the profession I have now.

5. Substitute the Russian words and word-combinations in brackets for their

English equivalents:

1. Financial management means (эффективное приобретение и

использование денег).

2. A key goal of any business is to (увеличивать богатство своим

владельцам и другим «стейкхолдерам).

3. The money needed to operate a business is known as (капитал).

4. To need capital for (роста и расширении компании).

5. The price a company must pay to raise money (называется стоимостью

капитала).

6. To take into account (преобладающий уровень процентных ставок).

7. To enable the company to (отсрочить платежи).

8. To obtain money in the form of (ссуд из банков, финансовых компаний

или других кредиторов).

9. To raise money from (внутренних и внешних источников).

10. To use two basic types of financing (долевое финансирование и

финансирование за счёт займов).

11. To obtain funds (без влезания в долги).

12. To use (избыточную наличность, чтобы финансировать рост).

13. To keep a balance (между различными методами приобретения денег

для расширения компании).

14. To sell assets that are no longer needed or (устаревшие).

15. To be forced into (банкротство).

16. It is necessary to (оплачивать все обязательства по займам и

долговым обязательствам).

17. To be repaid (в пределах одного года).

18. To use three major types of short-term debt: (коммерческий кредит,

краткосрочные займы и краткосрочный коммерческий вексель).

19. To make (решения о инвестициях).

20. To raise funds (на благоприятных условиях).

21. To be responsible for (управление финансовыми ресурсами).

22. To develop a (финансовый план).

23. To estimate (движение денег в компанию и из компании).

24. To determine whether cash flow is (отрицательный или

положительный).

25. To make (капитальные вложения).

26. To coordinate and (контролировать эффективность операций).

27. To interact (с банками и рынками ссудного капитала).

28. To report directly to (главному казначею).