Macroeconomics

While microeconomics looks at supply and demand for a single product or industry, macroeconomics follows supply and demand patterns for the whole economy. Whereas microeconomics is about economic events at home, macroeconomics looks at how the domestic economy interacts with the economies of the other countries.

However, macroeconomics isn’t only about knowing what’s happening in the economy. Most governments aim to have steady economic growth, to control inflation and to avoid recessions and they have certain mechanisms to do this.

The first of these mechanisms is fiscal policy. Fiscal policy refers to the tax system and to the government spending. By increasing or decreasing the amount of tax people must pay, the government can affect how much money people have available to spend. This in turn, has an effect on demand in the market. So, governments can have a huge effect on the growth of the economy.

The second mechanism is monetary policy. With its monetary policy, a government sets interest rates and also controls the amount of money that circulates in the economy. This can affect people’s decisions about saving and spending money.

The third mechanism is administrative approach. For example, improvements in education and investment in technologies can make industry more efficient. Governments can also change employment and business laws to make the market more competitive.

Контрольная работа № 3

Вариант №4

I. Подчеркните сказуемое предложений, определите его видовременную форму, переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. All businesses produce goods and services and seek profits.

2. The economy of Great Britain has recently experienced economic growth combined with low inflation and falling unemployment.

3. The Russian monetary system took shape in the early 16^th century.

4. The experts are examining new equipment.

5. Our department will finish work soon.

6. The manager was explaining the reasons of delay for half an hour.

7. We informed our business partners that we had sent all documents.

II. Соотнесите видовременную форму страдательного залога в первой колонке с соответствующим названием во второй.

1. will earned	a. Past Continuous Passive
2. had been earned	b. Present Indefinite Passive
3. was being earned	c. Past Indefinite Passive
4. is earned	d. Future perfect Passive
5. has been earned	e. Past Perfect Passive
6. was earned	f. Present Continuous Passive
7. will have been earned	g. Future Indefinite Passive
8. is being earned	h. Present Perfect Passive

III. Подчеркните сказуемое предложения, определите его видовременную форму и залог, переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. If demand exceeds supply, the price tends to rise.

2. Economic environment is determined by the economic policies of the government, fiscal and monetary policies.

3. The high rate of unemployment has been forecast by financial experts.

4. The intense competition between the financial institutions was forced by economic growth.

5. The work of the government will be concentrated on the Federal Programmes on Social Development next year.