XI. Заполните пропуски в предложениях соответствующими союзными словами: who, that, which, when, where, why, how...

1. Value added tax is paid … we buy goods or services … are not essential or are regarded as luxuries.

2. Economic transactions often affect other people … are not directly involved in those transactions.

3. In the modernized, industrial world … we live in, wealth generally means all the collected store of valuable things … belong to a person or family, company or country.

4. Our analysts’ report determined the reasons … our company had lost its loyal customers.

5. The reason … the law of demand works is quite obvious: the money … we have is limited.

6. A new Personnel Manager suggested … to decrease high level of staff turnover in the company

XII. Переведите следующие бессоюзные придаточные предложения на русский язык.

1. The contract we negotiated yesterday was very profitable.

2. We are ready to meet the requirements of the contract we signed yesterday.

3. People on a low income spend everything they have on daily necessities such as food, clothing and shelter.

4. Figures show three billion people or half the world’s population live in poverty.

5. The interest rate the government sets influences the rate commercial banks set when they lend money to customers.

6. It would be very sensible if you kept the money you earned in a bank savings or current account.

XIII. Прочтите и письменно переведите текст.

Contemporary Russia: the Fall and Rise of the Market Economy

The figures for Russia’s real gross domestic product (GDP) since 1991, when the economic reforms began, show that the economy has been on unstable. In 1991 GDP was over $350 billion. That fell dramatically year after year until 1998, when GDP was just over $220 billion. However, the situation improved again from 1998. In fact, Russia’s GDP increased steadily year after year from 1999 until 2006 when it reached around $740 billion. What caused such a change of fortunes?

Changing over to a completely different economic system could never be painless. The Russian government of the early 1990s decided to use a shock therapy approach. They introduced severe fiscal and monetary policies. The government drastically reduced its spending. It cut subsidies to its crumbling state industries. Interest rates and taxes were raised. Government price controls on nearly all consumer goods were lifted. Only prices for staple goods like food and energy remained controlled by the government. New laws were introduced to allow private ownership and businesses to exist.

All of these measures were intended to create conditions for a market economy to grow. However, they also caused great hardship for ordinary people.

Контрольная работа №3 Вариант №2

I. Подчеркните сказуемое предложений, определите его видовременную форму, переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. China needs markets for the goods that its rapidly growing economy produces.

2. Deputies have already discussed the amendments to the tax legislation.

3. The tourist industry in Brazil had problems in the past because of high inflation.

4. The construction of the new plant will begin in the second half of this year.

5. The cooperation between Russian and foreign automakers was expanding all last year.

6. Counterfeiting goods is becoming more and more popular nowadays.

7. I had sold all shares before prices on them rose.