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Grammatical aspect marking

Example

Name

SE Meaning / Notes

He workin'.

Simple progressive

He is working [currently].

He be workin'.

Habitual/continuative aspect

He works frequently or habitually. Better illustrated with "He be workin' Tuesdays."

He stay workin'.

Intensified continuative

He is always working.

He been workin'.

Perfect progressive

He has been working.

He been had that job.

Remote phase (see below)

He has had that job for a long time and still has it.

He done worked.

Emphasized perfective

He has worked. Syntactically, "He worked" is valid, but "done" is used to emphasize the completed nature of the action.

He finna go to work.

Immediate future

He is about to go to work. Finna is a contraction of "fixing to"; though is also believed to show residual influence of "would fain (to)", which persisted beyond the late 16th century in some rural dialects spoken in the Carolinas (near the Gullah region). "Fittin' to" is commonly thought to be another form of the original "fixin' (fixing) to", and it is also heard as fitna, fidna, fixna, fin'to, and finsta.

I was walkin' home, and I had worked all day.

Preterite narration.

"Had" is used to begin a preterite narration. Usually it occurs in the first clause of the narration, and nowhere else.

Ebonics Translations

A few terms to help you get started on your merry way towards the ve-nak-u-lar... Ebonics: "Damn- that s**t is DOPE!" English: That is a wonderful concept/object/action. Ebonics: I can't FADE that!" English: I am unable to handle this at this time. Ebonics: "Shante ain't HAVIN' it!" English: This is not something that Shante will allow to occur. Ebonics: "Homey- Boo was dropping PHAT beats." English: Our friend Boo was playing some wonderful music. Ebonics: "YO!- Let me GAFFLE that BLUNT!" English: Might I be able to indulge in your marijuana cigarette? Ebonics: "JIMMY was on and I was HITTIN' it!" English: I had in my possession a condom, which was used in my engagement of sexual activity. Ebonics: "What's up? Why you ALL UP IN my s**t!?!" English: Please sir/madam- stay out of my affairs.

Ebonics: "She is HELLA' CLOWIN' you HOMEY!" English: The woman is creatively informing you that her interest in dating you is non-existent at this time. Ebonics: "Woooooo- Renaldo was PITCHIN' STRAIGHT GAME to baby-doll, and it was SMOOOOOOOVE!" English: Renaldo was creatively inquiring as to the marital status of the female, with the intention of asking her on a date. Ebonics: "STEP OFF Cool- before I bust PHAT CAPS in your A** with my NEENER..." English: It would be beneficial to your physical state to leave this area, as I will soon be encouraged by your disrespect towards me shoot bullets into your fanny with my 9mm pistol. Ebonics: "Why is 5-OH always BUGGIN'!?!" English: Why are the police officers always worried? Ebonics: "Friday night- COLD CHILLIN' with a 40 and a BLUNT." English: It is Friday eve, and I am leisurely enjoying a forty ounce bottle of malt liquor and a marijuana cigarette.

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