I. Fill in the blanks with the correct words.

1. Florence Nightingale has gone down into history as the founder of modern ___.

2. The Nightingales were very rich and influential: they had a big ___ in London.

3. Florence could speak ___ Italian, French, German.

4. Florence Nightingale was ___ to become a nurse.

5. When women were ___ in the courts, they were often given the choice of either going to prison or to ___ service.

6. The barracks in Scutari was ___ with rats.

7. In Turkey Florence met with ___ and everywhere she had to overcome difficulties which were created by the ___.

8. While taking care of the wounded soldiers Florence Nightingale ___ neither herself, nor the other nurses.

9. The nurses turned the barracks into a real hospital, ___the floors and the walls.

10. In her letters home Florence tried to ___ public awareness of the situation in the Crimea.

II. Complete the sentences with the best answer (a, b or c).

1. In 1855 Florence was appointed Inspector of all hospitals in the Crimea

a) which meant that she could lead an easy life as a high official.

b) which meant that she had to take long journeys in snow, rain and cold.

c) which gave her the opportunity to return to England.

2. After the Crimean War

a) Florence returned to England and led an easy life as a great reformer.

b) Florence became invalid for life but continued her work with great energy and devotion.

c) Florence returned to her family home in the countryside leading the life of a rich lady.

3. Important changes were introduced by Florence Nightingale

a) in the organization of hospital service, teaching of nurses and aiding the poor.

b) in the teaching of medicine at medical colleges and other institutions.

c) in the structure of the army after the Crimean War.

4. Florence Nightingale wrote books on

a) literature, art, music, etc.

b) nursing and founded the Nightingale Training School for nurses.

c) her experience as a correspondent and interpreter.

5. In 1907 she was given

a) the Order of Merit, the highest civil honour in England.

b) the Nobel Peace Prize for her outstanding peace activities abroad.

c) an aristocratic title and became member of the House of Lords.

6. The foundation of the International Red Cross was

a) not connected with Nightingale's previous activities.

b) influenced by the life-long contribution of Florence Nightingale to help the people in pain and in need.

c) a minor event which the world community hardly noticed.

7. While Florence was nursing the wounded at Scutari

a) many people in England were completely indifferent to the Crimean War.

b) Nikolai Pirogov was carrying out his operations in Sevastopol.

c) the officials tried to help her this way or that.

III. Are the statements true or false? Correct the false statements.

1. Florence Nightingale came of a very poor family.

2. She was born in England and received her name from her aunt who loved Italy and Florence.

3. The Minister for War asked Florence to go to the Crimea and she agreed.

4. Reports from the battlefront described that the wounded were treated normally.

5. Florence did not have to overcome difficulties, because the officials all supported her.

6. Everywhere in the Crimea Florence met with efficiency and a great sense of national pride.

7. While working in the hospital as a nurse Florence comforted the wounded soldiers, giving them new hope of recovery.

8. The changes which were started by Florence Nightingale in the hospitals were never implemented.

9. Foreign governments often consulted her on the organization of social security in their countries.

10. She was never granted any award by the British government.