1. Прочитайте слова и ознакомьтесь с их переводом на русский язык:

approach [q`prouC] – подход

appropriate [q`prouprIIt] – подходящий, соответствующий

available [q`veIlqbl] – доступный

care [kFq] – забота, попечение, уход

emerge [I `mWG] – появляться

emphasize [`emfqsaIz]– придавать особое значение, подчёркивать

environment [In`vaIrqnment] – окружающая обстановка, среда

facility [fq`sIlIty] – оборудование, средства обслуживания

major [`meIGq] – больший, более важный

nurture [`nWCq] – воспитание, обучение

physical [`fIzIkl] – физический, материальный

quality [`kwOlItI] – качество

approach [q`prouC] – подход

appropriate [q`prouprIIt] – подходящий, соответствующий

available [q`veIlqbl] – доступный

care [kFq] – забота, попечение, уход

emerge [I `mWG] – появляться

emphasize [`emfqsaIz]– придавать особое значение, подчёркивать

environment [In`vaIrqnment] – окружающая обстановка, среда

facility [fq`sIlIty] – оборудование, средства обслуживания

major [`meIGq] – больший, более важный

nurture [`nWCq] – воспитание, обучение

physical [`fIzIkl] – физический, материальный

quality [`kwOlItI] – качество

2. Переведите следующие слова, обращая внимание на словообразовательные суффиксы и приставки:

1. child, childhood, childless, childlike, childish

2. educate, education, educational, educator, educationist

3. develop, development, developmental, developmentally

4. appropriate, appropriateness, appropriately, inappropriate, inappropriately

5. secondary, postsecondary

6. emphasize, emphasis

3. Приставка mis- имеет значение «неверное действие». Переведите следующие слова:

misuse, misunderstand, misinterpret, misconception

4. Переведите следующие словосочетания:

early childhood education, early childhood programme, high quality early childhood programme, developmentally appropriate programme, developmental needs of children, part-day group programme, full-day group programme, early childhood center, child care center, child development, play-oriented approach

5. Прочитайте текст 1 и определите поставленную в нём проблему:

Text 1

(1) The quality of childhood education has come under intense public attention. While much of the attention has been directed at secondary and postsecondary education, the field of early childhood education must also examine its practices in light of current knowledge of child development and learning.

(2) An early childhood programme is any part-day or full-day group programme in a centre, school or other facility that serves children from birth through age 8. Early childhood programmes include child care centres, private and public preschools, kindergartens, and primary grade schools.

(3) In recent years, a trend toward increased emphasis on formal instruction in academic skills has emerged in early childhood programmes. This trend toward formal academic instruction for younger children is based on misconception about early learning. Despite the trend among some educators to formalise instruction, there has been no evidence of change in what young children need for optimal development or how they learn. In fact, children learn most effectively through a concrete, play-oriented approach.

(4) Programmes have changed in response to social, economic, and political forces; however, these changes have not always taken into account the basic developmental needs of young children, which have remained constant.

(5) A high quality early childhood programme provides a safe and nurturing environment that promotes the physical, social, emotional, and cognitive development of young children while responding to the needs of families. Although the quality of an early childhood programme may be affected by many factors, a major determinant of programme quality is the extent to which knowledge of child development is applied in programme practices – the degree to which the programme is developmentally appropriate. High quality, developmentally appropriate programmes should be available to all children and their families.

(from NAEYC Position Statement on Developmentally Appropriate Practice in Early Childhood Programmes Serving Children From Birth Through Age 8, p. 1)

The text raises the following problem:

1. the quality of childhood education is very high.

2. formal academic instruction is necessary for children.

3. early childhood programmes include child care centres, public and private preschools, kindergartens, and primary grade schools.

4. there are many factors influencing the quality of early childhood education programmes.

5. early childhood education programmes have changed.

6. a high quality early childhood education programme should be based on the developmental needs of children.

7. the basic developmental needs of children have not changed.