Функции строевых слов it, one

Неопределенное местоимение one используется как:

1. Подлежащее неопределенно-личного предложения (обычно в сочетании с модальными глаголами).

One must read very much. Нужно много читать.

One can’t forget this film. Невозможно забыть этот фильм.

2. Слово-заместитель (во избежание повторения ранее упомянутого в ед. числе, во мн. числе - ones).

I like this film more than that one. Мне понравился этот фильм больше,

чем тот.

Here are some pencils. Вот несколько карандашей.

Which ones would you like? Какие карандаши вы хотите?

Неопределенное местоимение it используется как:

1. Подлежащее, заменяет ранее упомянутое неодушевленное существительное.

Where is my bag? It is on the table. Где моя сумка? Она на столе.

2. Формальное подлежащее в безличном предложении.

It is winter. Зима.

It is nice to see you. Приятно вас видеть.

It is known that he is a good Известно, что он хороший спортсмен.

sportsman.

3. It (усилительное) употребляется в составе эмфатической конструкции, выделяет любой член предложения, кроме сказуемого.

It was in the street that I saw him. Я видел его именно на улице.

Эмфатическая конструкция It is (was) … that (who) служит для усиления какой-либо мысли путем выделения одного из членов предложения. Переводится простым предложением с добавлением таких слов, как: именно, как раз, только и др., причем союзное слово при переводе опускается.

It was on Saturday that he rang me up. Он позвонил мне

только в субботу.

EXERCISES

Ex. 1. Translate into Russian:

1. One must be careful while crossing the street. 2. I saw this picture. Show me another one. 3. This text is easier than that one. 4. Bring me the book. Which one? 5. Don’t put on old shoes, put on new ones. 6. One who teaches is called a teacher. 7. We were given a new text. It was more difficult than the previous one. 8. One might say that at the end of World War II the United States was the only strong capitalist state country with most of the gold reserves. 9. The problems of the defence in this case are big ones. 10. In this colonial country there were no industries except for a few unimportant local ones.

Ex. 2. Translate into Russian paying attention to different meanings of the word "one".

1. One of the main tasks of effective law enforcement is quick and i accurate crime solution. 2. I think crime prevention is the No (number) one problem for law enforcement activity of the police. 3. One can hardly find a "crime-free zone" in our modern world. 4. One should pay more attention to the problem of proper police /public relations. 5. The crime rate this January was higher than the one of the previous year. 6. One must observe traffic regulation rules. 7. One can see the widest application of fingerprinting in police identification. 8. One cannot call the prisoner "the criminal" or "the murderer" until the trial's decision. 9. One might say that at the end of World War II the United States was the only strong capitalist country with most of the gold reserves. 10. The problems of the defence in this case are big ones. 11. One cannot exclude the possibility that they will use their missiles deployed on other countries' territory to deliver the first nuclear strike. 12. In this colonial country there were no industries except for a few unimportant local ones.

Ex. 3. Read and translate the sentences into Russian.

1. The flat is not large but it is cosy. 2. It is raining heavily. 3. It is the article that I want to refer to. 4. It is important to answer this letter. 5. It was he who came first. 6. It was my sister who told me about it. 7. We use a new method. It is more effective than the old one. 8. It was because of the weather that we stayed at home. 9. It is necessary to revise all grammar material. 10. It often rains in autumn. 11. It was not until the 7^th century that the first known English code of laws was written. 12. It is the operative who is to prevent crime. 13. It is the investigator who is often a search commander. 14. It is Volgograd that is the hero-city of our country. 15. It is Moscow that is the capital of our state. 5. It is Sherlock Holmes who is the main character of Conan Doyle's stories.

Ex. 4. Translate the sentences into Russian

1. It is not so difficult to name the tasks of the Police /Militia. 2. It is an important mission to fight crime in our country. 3. It is necessary to have a good plan in crime prevention work. 4. It is possible to help the Militia in its crime prevention work. 5. The problem of crime prevention is always acute and important. It was on the agenda of the last conference.