Времена группы Perfect (Active)

Времена группы Perfect выражают действия, законченные к определенному моменту в настоящем, прошедшем или будущем (результат).

Времена группы Perfect (Active) образуются при помощи вспомогательного глагола to have в соответствующем времени, лице и числе и причастия прошедшего времени Participle II смыслового глагола (так называемой 3-й формы глагола).

Для времени группы Perfect характерно употребление:

1) наречий неопределенного времени, которые обычно стоят между вспомогательным и смысловым глаголами: never - никогда, ever - когда-нибудь, just – только что, not yet – еще не, already – уже;

2) предлога since – с ( с какого-то момента в прошлом до настоящего времени); by – к (к какому-то времени);

3) союза since – с тех пор, как; before – прежде чем.

I have just finished this work. Я только что закончил эту работу.

Had they finished this work Они закончили эту работу к 9

by 9 o’clock? часам?

We shall not have finished this Мы не закончим эту работу,

work before you come. прежде чем вы придете.

EXERCISES

Ex. 1. Read and translate the sentences.

1. I have already heard the results of this trial. 2. If you come to the court late in the

afternoon, the judge will have already declared his decision. 3. The United States court system has changed greatly throughout the history of the country. 4. The district court had considered this criminal case by the end of the week. 5. The lawyer has proved the alibi of the suspect. 6. The investigator has interviewed many witnesses. 7. I think I have met him once before. 8. I have never been to Canada. 9. He has never travelled by train. 10. Have you ever met him? – No, I have not met him. 11. The policeman will have interviewed 6 witnesses before he leaves for lunch. 12. I will not have written the letter by five o’clock.

Ex. 2. Read and translate the sentences. Make them: a) interrogative; b) negative.

1. I have never been to France. 2. John has studied two foreign languages. 3. The army has attacked that city five times. 4. He had searched the place by 5.30. 5. The man had spent a month in prison by that time. 6. The study of documents will have provided much information by the end of the investigation. 7. The investigator will have interviewed many witnesses by six o’clock.

Ex. 3. Make up sentences using the prompts. Put the verbs into the Present Perfect.

Пример: Example: Phil / find a new job Phil has found a new job.

1. Charles / go / Brazil I Charles _____________________________________

2. Jack and Jill / decide / to get married _______________________________

3. Suzanne / have / a baby __________________________________________

4. Monica / give up / smoking _______________________________________

5. George / pass / his driving-test ____________________________________

Ex. 4. Make up sentences putting the verbs in brackets into the Present Perfect.

Пример: Example: Tom is looking for his key. He can't find it. (lose) He has lost his key.

1. Ann's hair was dirty. Now it is clean. (wash) She ______________________

2. Tom was 80 kilograms. Now he weighs 70. (lose weight) _______________

3. The car has just stopped because there isn't any more petrol in the tank. (run out of petrol) _________________________________________________________

4. Yesterday Bill was playing football. Now he can't walk and his leg is in plaster. (break) _______________________________________________________