Основы физической химии_Ерёмин
.pdf
Приложения |
417 |
Приложение III
ТАБЛИЦЫ ФИЗИКО-ХИМИЧЕСКИХ ДАННЫХ
|
|
Постоянные Ван-дер-Ваальса |
|
|
|
Таблица П-1 |
|||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Газ |
a, |
|
b, |
Газ |
a, |
|
b, |
|
|
л2 бар моль–2 |
|
см3 моль–1 |
л2 бар моль–2 |
|
см3 моль–1 |
|
|
||
He |
0.03457 |
|
23.70 |
NO |
1.358 |
|
27.89 |
|
|
Ne |
0.2135 |
|
17.09 |
NO2 |
5.354 |
44.24 |
|
|
|
Ar |
1.363 |
|
32.19 |
H2O |
5.536 |
30.49 |
|
|
|
Kr |
2.349 |
|
39.78 |
H2S |
4.490 |
42.87 |
|
|
|
Xe |
4.250 |
|
51.05 |
NH3 |
4.225 |
37.07 |
|
|
|
H2 |
0.2476 |
|
26.61 |
SO2 |
6.803 |
56.36 |
|
|
|
N2 |
1.408 |
|
39.13 |
CH4 |
2.283 |
42.78 |
|
|
|
O2 |
1.378 |
|
31.83 |
C2H4 |
4.530 |
5.714 |
|
|
|
Cl2 |
6.579 |
|
56.22 |
C2H6 |
5.562 |
63.80 |
|
|
|
CO |
1.505 |
|
39.85 |
C3H8 |
8.779 |
84.45 |
|
|
|
CO2 |
3.640 |
|
42.67 |
C6H6 |
18.24 |
115.4 |
|
|
|
|
Критические константы и температуры Бойля |
|
|
Таблица П-2 |
||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Газ |
Tc, K |
pc, бар |
Vc, мл моль–1 |
Zc |
TB, K |
TB/Tc |
|
|
He |
5.21 |
2.27 |
57.76 |
0.305 |
22.64 |
4.35 |
|
|
Ne |
44.44 |
26.9 |
41.74 |
0.307 |
122.1 |
2.75 |
|
|
Ar |
150.72 |
48.0 |
75.25 |
0.292 |
411.5 |
2.73 |
|
|
Kr |
209.4 |
54.3 |
92.24 |
0.291 |
575.0 |
2.75 |
|
|
Xe |
289.75 |
58.0 |
118.8 |
0.290 |
768.0 |
2.65 |
|
|
H2 |
33.3 |
13.0 |
65.0 |
0.306 |
110.0 |
3.30 |
|
|
N2 |
126.1 |
34.0 |
89.5 |
0.292 |
327.2 |
2.60 |
|
|
O2 |
154.4 |
50.5 |
73.4 |
0.292 |
405.9 |
2.63 |
|
|
CO2 |
304.2 |
73.8 |
94.0 |
0.274 |
714.8 |
2.35 |
|
|
CH4 |
190.7 |
46.0 |
99.0 |
0.287 |
510.0 |
2.67 |
|
|
C2H4 |
282.4 |
50.4 |
129.0 |
0.277 |
624 |
2.21 |
|
|
Вторые вириальные коэффициенты B2, см3 моль–1 |
|
Таблица П-3 |
||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
100 K |
273 K |
373 K |
600K |
|
|
Воздух |
–167.3 |
–13.5 |
3.4 |
19.0 |
|
|
Ar |
–187.0 |
–21.7 |
–4.2 |
11.9 |
|
|
CH4 |
|
–53.6 |
–21.2 |
8.1 |
|
|
CO2 |
|
–142 |
–72.2 |
–12.4 |
|
|
H2 |
–2.0 |
13.7 |
15.6 |
|
|
|
He |
11.4 |
12.0 |
11.3 |
10.4 |
|
|
Kr |
|
–62.9 |
–28.7 |
1.7 |
|
|
N2 |
–160.0 |
–10.5 |
6.2 |
21.7 |
|
|
Ne |
–6.0 |
10.4 |
12.3 |
13.8 |
|
|
O2 |
–197.5 |
–22.0 |
–3.7 |
12.9 |
|
|
Xe |
|
–153.7 |
–81.7 |
–19.6 |
|
|
|
|
Приложения |
|
|
419 |
||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
∆fH°, |
|
∆fG°, |
S°, |
Cp, |
|
|
|
кДж моль–1 |
кДж моль–1 |
ДжК–1 моль–1 |
ДжК–1 моль–1 |
|
||
CaO (s) |
–635.09 |
|
–604.03 |
39.75 |
42.80 |
|
|
CaCO3 (s, кальцит) |
–1206.9 |
|
–1128.8 |
92.9 |
81.88 |
|
|
CaCO3 (s, араго- |
–1207.1 |
|
–1127.8 |
88.7 |
81.25 |
|
|
нит) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cl2 (g) |
0 |
|
0 |
223.07 |
33.91 |
|
|
Cl (g) |
+121.68 |
|
+105.68 |
165.20 |
21.84 |
|
|
Cl– (aq) |
–167.16 |
|
–131.23 |
56.5 |
–136.4 |
|
|
HCl (g) |
–92.31 |
|
–95.30 |
186.91 |
29.12 |
|
|
Cu (s) |
0 |
|
0 |
33.150 |
24.44 |
|
|
Cu+ (aq) |
+71.67 |
|
+49.98 |
40.6 |
|
|
|
Cu2+ (aq) |
+64.77 |
|
+65.49 |
–99.6 |
|
|
|
F2 (g) |
0 |
|
0 |
202.78 |
31.30 |
|
|
F (g) |
+78.99 |
|
+61.91 |
158.75 |
22.74 |
|
|
F– (aq) |
–332.63 |
|
–278.79 |
–13.8 |
–106.7 |
|
|
HF (g) |
–271.1 |
|
–273.2 |
173.78 |
29.13 |
|
|
Fe (s) |
0 |
|
0 |
27.28 |
25.10 |
|
|
Fe2+ (aq) |
–89.1 |
|
–78.90 |
–137.7 |
|
|
|
Fe3+ (aq) |
–48.5 |
|
–4.7 |
–315.9 |
|
|
|
Fe3O4 (s, магнетит) |
–1118.4 |
|
–1015.4 |
146.4 |
143.43 |
|
|
Fe2O3 (s, гематит) |
–824.2 |
|
–742.2 |
87.40 |
103.85 |
|
|
H2 (g) |
0 |
|
0 |
130.684 |
28.824 |
|
|
H (g) |
+217.97 |
|
+203.25 |
114.71 |
20.784 |
|
|
H+ (aq) |
0 |
|
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
|
H2O (l) |
–285.83 |
|
–237.13 |
69.91 |
75.291 |
|
|
H2O (g) |
–241.82 |
|
–228.57 |
188.83 |
33.58 |
|
|
Hg (l) |
0 |
|
0 |
76.02 |
27.983 |
|
|
Hg2+ (aq) |
+171.1 |
|
+164.40 |
–32.2 |
|
|
|
Hg22+ (aq) |
+172.4 |
|
+153.52 |
84.5 |
|
|
|
I2 (s) |
0 |
|
0 |
116.135 |
54.44 |
|
|
I2 (g) |
+62.44 |
|
+19.33 |
260.69 |
36.90 |
|
|
I (g) |
+106.84 |
|
+70.25 |
180.79 |
20.786 |
|
|
I– (aq) |
–55.19 |
|
–51.57 |
111.3 |
–142.3 |
|
|
HI (g) |
+26.48 |
|
+1.70 |
206.59 |
29.158 |
|
|
K (s) |
0 |
|
0 |
64.18 |
29.58 |
|
|
K+(aq) |
–252.38 |
|
–283.27 |
102.5 |
21.8 |
|
|
KOH (s) |
–424.76 |
|
–379.08 |
78.9 |
64.9 |
|
|
Mg (s) |
0 |
|
0 |
32.68 |
24.89 |
|
|
Mg2+(aq) |
–466.85 |
|
–454.8 |
–138.1 |
|
|
|
MgO (s) |
–601.70 |
|
–569.43 |
26.94 |
37.15 |
|
|
MgCO3 (s) |
–1095.8 |
|
–1012.1 |
65.7 |
75.52 |
|
|
N2 (g) |
0 |
|
0 |
191.61 |
29.125 |
|
|
N (g) |
+472.70 |
|
+455.56 |
153.30 |
20.786 |
|
|
NO (g) |
+90.25 |
|
+86.55 |
210.76 |
29.844 |
|
|
NO2 (g) |
+33.18 |
|
+51.31 |
240.06 |
37.20 |
|
|
N2O5 (s) |
–43.1 |
|
+113.9 |
178.2 |
143.1 |
|
|
HNO3 (l) |
–174.10 |
|
–80.71 |
155.60 |
109.87 |
|
|
420 |
|
|
|
|
|
Приложения |
|
|
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
∆fG°, |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
∆fH°, |
|
|
|
|
S°, |
Cp, |
||
|
|
|
|
|
кДж моль–1 |
|
кДж моль–1 |
|
|
ДжК–1 моль–1 |
ДжК–1 моль–1 |
||
|
|
|
NO3– (aq) |
|
–205.0 |
|
|
–108.74 |
|
|
146.4 |
|
–86.6 |
|
|
|
NH3 (g) |
|
–46.11 |
|
|
–16.45 |
|
|
192.45 |
|
35.06 |
|
|
|
NH4+(aq) |
|
–132.51 |
|
|
–79.31 |
|
|
113.4 |
|
79.9 |
|
|
|
Na (s) |
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
51.21 |
|
28.24 |
||
|
|
|
Na+(aq) |
|
–240.12 |
|
|
–261.91 |
|
|
59.0 |
|
46.4 |
|
|
|
NaOH (s) |
|
–425.61 |
|
|
–379.49 |
|
|
64.46 |
|
59.54 |
|
|
|
O2 (g) |
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
205.138 |
|
29.355 |
||
|
|
|
O3 (g) |
+142.7 |
|
+163.2 |
|
|
238.93 |
|
39.20 |
||
|
|
|
O (g) |
+249.17 |
|
+231.73 |
|
|
161.06 |
|
21.912 |
||
|
|
|
OH– (aq) |
|
–229.99 |
|
|
–157.24 |
|
|
–10.75 |
–148.5 |
|
|
|
|
P (s, белый) |
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
41.09 |
|
23.840 |
||
|
|
|
PH3 (g) |
+5.4 |
|
+13.4 |
|
|
210.23 |
|
37.11 |
||
|
|
|
H3PO4 (s) |
|
–1279.0 |
|
|
–1119.1 |
|
|
110.50 |
|
106.06 |
|
|
|
PO43– (aq) |
|
–1277.4 |
|
|
–1018.7 |
|
|
–222 |
|
|
|
|
|
P4O10 (s) |
|
–2984.0 |
|
|
–2697.0 |
|
|
228.86 |
|
211.71 |
|
|
|
S (s, ромбич.) |
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
31.80 |
|
22.64 |
||
|
|
|
S (s, моноклин.) |
+0.33 |
|
+0.1 |
|
|
32.6 |
|
23.6 |
||
|
|
|
S2– (aq) |
+33.1 |
|
+85.8 |
|
|
–14.6 |
|
|||
|
|
|
SO2 (g) |
|
–296.83 |
|
|
–300.19 |
|
|
248.22 |
|
39.87 |
|
|
|
SO3 (g) |
|
–395.72 |
|
|
–371.06 |
|
|
256.76 |
|
50.67 |
|
|
|
H2SO4 (l) |
|
–813.99 |
|
|
–690.00 |
|
|
156.90 |
|
138.9 |
|
|
|
SO42– (aq) |
|
–909.27 |
|
|
–744.53 |
|
|
20.1 |
|
–293 |
|
|
|
HSO4– (aq) |
|
–887.34 |
|
|
–755.91 |
|
|
131.8 |
|
–84 |
|
|
|
H2S (g) |
|
–20.63 |
|
|
–33.56 |
|
|
205.79 |
|
34.23 |
|
|
|
HS– (aq) |
|
–17.6 |
|
+12.08 |
|
|
62.08 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Zn (s) |
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
41.63 |
|
25.40 |
||
|
|
|
Zn2+ (aq) |
|
–153.89 |
|
|
–147.06 |
|
|
–112.1 |
46 |
|
|
|
|
ZnO(s) |
|
–348.28 |
|
|
–318.30 |
|
|
43.64 |
|
40.25 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||
Таблица П-6 |
Термодинамические свойства органических соединений |
||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
при 298.15 К и 1 бар |
|
|||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
∆fG°, |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
∆fH°, |
|
|
|
|
S°, |
|
Cp, |
|
|
|
|
|
|
кДж моль–1 |
|
кДж моль–1 |
|
Дж К–1 моль–1 |
|
Дж К–1 моль–1 |
||
|
|
|
|
|
|
Углеводороды |
|
|
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
186.26 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
CH4 (g) |
|
–74.81 |
|
|
–50.72 |
|
|
35.31 |
||
|
|
|
C2H2 (g) |
|
+226.73 |
|
+209.20 |
|
200.94 |
|
43.93 |
||
|
|
|
C2H4 (g) |
|
+52.26 |
|
+68.15 |
|
219.56 |
|
43.56 |
||
|
|
|
C2H6 (g) |
|
–84.68 |
|
|
–32.82 |
|
229.60 |
|
52.63 |
|
|
|
|
C3H6 (g), пропен |
|
+20.42 |
|
+62.78 |
|
267.05 |
|
63.89 |
||
|
|
|
C3H6 (g), циклопро- |
|
+53.30 |
|
+104.45 |
|
237.55 |
|
55.94 |
||
|
|
|
пан |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
C3H8 (g), пропан |
|
–103.85 |
|
|
–23.49 |
|
269.91 |
|
73.5 |
|
|
|
|
C4H8 (g), 1-бутен |
|
–0.13 |
|
+71.39 |
|
305.71 |
|
85.65 |
||
|
|
Приложения |
|
|
421 |
|||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
∆fH°, |
|
∆fG°, |
|
S°, |
Cp, |
|
|
|
кДж моль–1 |
кДж моль–1 |
|
Дж К–1 моль–1 |
Дж К–1 моль–1 |
|
||
C4H8 (g), цис-2- |
–6.99 |
|
+65.95 |
|
300.94 |
78.91 |
|
|
бутен |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
C4H8 (g), транс-2- |
–11.17 |
|
+63.06 |
|
296.59 |
87.82 |
|
|
бутен |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
C4H10 (g), бутан |
–126.15 |
|
–17.03 |
|
310.23 |
97.45 |
|
|
C5H12 (g), пентан |
–146.44 |
|
–8.20 |
|
348.40 |
120.2 |
|
|
C6H6 (g) |
+82.93 |
|
+129.72 |
|
269.31 |
81.67 |
|
|
C6H6 (l) |
+49.0 |
|
+124.3 |
|
173.3 |
136.1 |
|
|
C6H12 (g), циклогек- |
–123.14 |
|
+31.91 |
|
298.35 |
106.27 |
|
|
сан |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
C6H14 (g), гексан |
–167.19 |
|
–0.07 |
|
388.51 |
143.09 |
|
|
C6H5CH3 (g), толуол |
+50.0 |
|
+122.10 |
|
320.77 |
103.64 |
|
|
C8H8 (g), стирол |
+147.22 |
|
+213.89 |
|
345.21 |
122.09 |
|
|
C8H10 (g), этилбен- |
–29.79 |
|
+130.70 |
|
360.56 |
128.41 |
|
|
зол |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
C8H18 (g), октан |
–208.45 |
|
+16.64 |
|
466.84 |
188.87 |
|
|
C10H8 (s), нафталин |
+78.53 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Спирты и фенолы |
|
|
|
|
|||
CH3OH (l) |
–238.66 |
|
–166.27 |
|
126.8 |
81.6 |
|
|
CH3OH (g) |
–200.66 |
|
–161.96 |
|
239.81 |
43.89 |
|
|
C2H5OH (l) |
–277.69 |
|
–174.78 |
|
160.7 |
111.46 |
|
|
C2H5OH (g) |
–235.10 |
|
–168.49 |
|
282.70 |
65.44 |
|
|
C6H5OH (s) |
–164.85 |
|
–50.21 |
|
144.01 |
134.70 |
|
|
|
Карбоновые кислоты |
|
|
|
||||
|
|
|
|
|
99.04 |
|
|
|
HCOOH (l) |
–424.72 |
|
–361.35 |
|
128.95 |
|
|
|
CH3COOH (l) |
–484.5 |
|
–389.9 |
|
159.8 |
124.3 |
|
|
CH3CO2– (aq) |
–486.01 |
|
–369.31 |
|
86.6 |
–6.3 |
|
|
C6H5COOH (s) |
–385.1 |
|
–245.3 |
|
167.6 |
146.8 |
|
|
|
Альдегиды и кетоны |
|
|
|
||||
|
|
|
|
|
35.40 |
|
|
|
HCHO (g) |
–115.90 |
|
–109.94 |
|
218.77 |
|
|
|
CH3CHO (g) |
–166.19 |
|
–128.86 |
|
250.3 |
57.3 |
|
|
CH3COCH3 (g) |
–217.57 |
|
–153.05 |
|
294.93 |
74.90 |
|
|
|
|
|
Углеводы |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
218.87 |
|
|
|
C6H12O6 (s), α-D- |
–1274.45 |
|
–910.56 |
|
212.13 |
|
|
|
глюкоза |
–1268.05 |
|
–908.89 |
|
228.03 |
|
|
|
C6H12O6 (s), β-D- |
|
|
|
|
|
|||
глюкоза |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
C12H22O11 (s), саха- |
–2222.12 |
|
–1544.70 |
|
360.24 |
425.00 |
|
|
роза |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Азотсодержащие соединения |
|
|
|
||||
|
|
|
|
|
93.14 |
|
|
|
CO(NH2)2 (s), моче- |
–333.51 |
|
–197.33 |
|
104.60 |
|
|
|
вина |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
CH3NH2 (g) |
–22.97 |
|
+32.16 |
|
243.41 |
53.1 |
|
|
C6H5NH2 (g) |
+86.86 |
|
+166.67 |
|
319.20 |
108.40 |
|
|
422 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Приложения |
|
|
|
|
Таблица П-7 |
Температуры и стандартные энтальпии |
|||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
плавления и испарения, кДж моль–1 |
|
|
|||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||
|
|
|
|
|
Tпл, K |
|
∆плH° |
|
Tкип, K |
|
∆испH° |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Простые вещества |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||
|
|
|
Ag |
|
1234 |
|
11.30 |
|
2436 |
|
250.6 |
|
|
|
|
Ar |
|
83.81 |
|
1.188 |
|
87.29 |
|
6.506 |
|
|
|
|
Br2 |
|
265.9 |
|
10.57 |
|
332.4 |
|
29.45 |
|
|
|
|
Cl2 |
|
172.1 |
|
6.41 |
|
239.1 |
|
20.41 |
|
|
|
|
F2 |
|
53.6 |
|
0.26 |
|
85.0 |
|
3.16 |
|
|
|
|
H2 |
|
13.96 |
|
0.117 |
|
20.38 |
|
0.916 |
|
|
|
|
He |
|
3.5 |
|
0.021 |
|
4.22 |
|
0.084 |
|
|
|
|
Hg2 |
|
234.3 |
|
2.292 |
|
629.7 |
|
59.30 |
|
|
|
|
I2 |
|
386.8 |
|
15.52 |
|
458.4 |
|
41.80 |
|
|
|
|
N2 |
|
63.15 |
|
0.719 |
|
77.35 |
|
5.586 |
|
|
|
|
Na |
|
371.0 |
|
2.601 |
|
1156 |
|
98.01 |
|
|
|
|
O2 |
|
54.36 |
|
0.444 |
|
90.18 |
|
6.820 |
|
|
|
|
Xe |
|
161 |
|
2.30 |
|
165 |
|
12.6 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Неорганические соединения |
|
|
|||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||
|
|
|
CCl4 |
|
250.3 |
|
2.47 |
|
349.9 |
|
30.00 |
|
|
|
|
CO2 |
|
217.0 |
|
8.33 |
|
194.6 |
|
25.23 |
|
|
|
|
CS2 |
|
161.2 |
|
4.39 |
|
319.4 |
|
26.74 |
|
|
|
|
H2O |
|
273.15 |
|
6.008 |
|
373.15 |
|
40.656 |
|
|
|
|
H2S |
|
187.6 |
|
2.377 |
|
212.8 |
|
18.67 |
|
|
|
|
H2SO4 |
|
283.5 |
|
2.56 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
NH3 |
|
195.4 |
|
5.652 |
|
239.7 |
|
23.35 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Органические соединения |
|
|
|||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||
|
|
|
CH4 |
|
90.68 |
|
0.941 |
|
111.7 |
|
8.18 |
|
|
|
|
CCl4 |
|
250.3 |
|
2.5 |
|
350 |
|
30.0 |
|
|
|
|
C2H6 |
|
89.85 |
|
2.86 |
|
184.6 |
|
14.7 |
|
|
|
|
C6H6 |
|
278.61 |
|
10.59 |
|
353.2 |
|
30.8 |
|
|
|
|
CH3OH |
|
175.2 |
|
3.16 |
|
337.2 |
|
35.27 |
|
|
|
|
C2H5OH |
|
156 |
|
4.60 |
|
352 |
|
43.5 |
|
Таблица П-8 |
Константы Генри (Па) при 25 °C Ki = pi / xi. |
|||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Газ |
|
|
|
Растворитель |
|
|
|||
|
|
|
|
|
|
Вода |
|
Бензол |
||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
|
|
|
H2 |
|
|
|
7.12 109 |
|
3.67 108 |
|||
|
|
|
N2 |
|
|
|
8.68 109 |
|
2.39 108 |
|||
|
|
|
O2 |
|
|
|
4.40 109 |
|
|
– |
||
|
|
|
CO |
|
|
|
5.79 109 |
|
1.63 108 |
|||
|
|
|
CO2 |
|
|
|
1.67 108 |
|
1.14 107 |
|||
|
|
|
CH4 |
|
|
|
4.19 109 |
|
5.69 107 |
|||
|
|
|
C2H2 |
|
|
|
1.35 108 |
|
|
– |
||
|
|
|
C2H4 |
|
|
|
1.16 109 |
|
|
– |
||
|
|
|
C2H6 |
|
|
|
3.07 109 |
|
|
– |
||
|
Приложения |
|
|
423 |
|
Криоскопические и эбулиоскопические постоянные |
|
Таблица П-9 |
|||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Растворитель |
KК, К кг моль–1 |
KЭ, К кг моль–1 |
|
|
|
CH3COOH |
3.90 |
3.07 |
|
|
|
Бензол |
5.12 |
2.53 |
|
|
|
Камфара |
40 |
|
|
|
|
CS2 |
3.8 |
2.37 |
|
|
|
CCl4 |
30 |
4.95 |
|
|
|
Нафталин |
6.94 |
5.8 |
|
|
|
Фенол |
7.27 |
3.04 |
|
|
|
Вода |
1.86 |
0.51 |
|
|
|
|
|
Предельные подвижности λ0 ионов |
|
|
|
|
|
Таблица П-10 |
||||||||
|
в водном растворе при 25 °C, Ом–1 см2 г-экв–1 |
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||
Катионы |
|
|
λ0 |
|
|
|
Анионы |
|
|
|
λ0 |
|
|
|||
H+ |
|
|
|
|
349.8 |
|
OH– |
|
|
|
198.3 |
|
|
|||
Li+ |
|
|
|
|
38.68 |
|
F– |
|
|
|
|
55.4 |
|
|
||
Na+ |
|
|
|
|
50.10 |
|
Cl– |
|
|
|
|
76.35 |
|
|
||
K+ |
|
|
|
|
73.50 |
|
Br– |
|
|
|
|
78.14 |
|
|
||
Rb+ |
|
|
|
|
77.81 |
|
I– |
|
|
|
|
78.84 |
|
|
||
Ag+ |
|
|
|
|
61.90 |
|
ClO3– |
|
|
|
64.6 |
|
|
|||
NH4+ |
|
|
|
|
73.55 |
|
ClO4– |
|
|
|
67.36 |
|
|
|||
N(CH3)4+ |
|
|
|
|
44.92 |
|
BrO3– |
|
|
|
55.74 |
|
|
|||
1/2 Mg2+ |
|
|
|
|
53.05 |
|
CN– |
|
|
|
|
78 |
|
|
||
1/2 Ca2+ |
|
|
|
|
59.50 |
|
NO3– |
|
|
|
71.46 |
|
|
|||
1/2 Ba2+ |
|
|
|
|
63.63 |
|
CH3COO– |
|
|
|
40.90 |
|
|
|||
1/2 Zn2+ |
|
|
|
|
56.6 |
|
C6H5COO– |
|
|
|
35.8 |
|
|
|||
1/2 Cd2+ |
|
|
|
|
54 |
|
H2PO4– |
|
|
|
36 |
|
|
|||
1/3 Al3+ |
|
|
|
|
63 |
|
1/2 SO42– |
|
|
|
80.02 |
|
|
|||
1/3 La3+ |
|
|
|
|
69.7 |
|
1/2 S2O62– |
|
|
|
93 |
|
|
|||
|
|
Средние ионные коэффициенты активности |
|
|
|
Таблица П-11 |
||||||||||
|
|
|
в водных растворах при 25 °С |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
m, |
|
HCl |
HNO3 |
H2SO4 |
KCl |
|
KNO3 |
NaCl |
NaNO3 |
|
Na2SO4 |
|
|
|||
моль кг–1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||
0.001 |
|
0.965 |
0.965 |
0.830 |
0.965 |
|
0.965 |
0.965 |
0.966 |
|
0.887 |
|
|
|||
0.002 |
|
0.952 |
0.951 |
0.757 |
0.952 |
|
0.951 |
0.952 |
0.953 |
|
0.847 |
|
|
|||
0.005 |
|
0.928 |
0.927 |
0.639 |
0.927 |
|
0.926 |
0.928 |
0.929 |
|
0.778 |
|
|
|||
0.01 |
|
0.904 |
0.902 |
0.544 |
0.902 |
|
0.898 |
0.903 |
0.905 |
|
0.714 |
|
|
|||
0.02 |
|
0.875 |
0.871 |
0.453 |
0.869 |
|
0.862 |
0.872 |
0.873 |
|
0.642 |
|
|
|||
0.05 |
|
0.830 |
0.823 |
0.340 |
0.816 |
|
0.799 |
0.822 |
0.821 |
|
0.536 |
|
|
|||
0.1 |
|
0.796 |
0.791 |
0.265 |
0.770 |
|
0.739 |
0.778 |
0.762 |
|
0.445 |
|
|
|||
0.2 |
|
0.767 |
0.754 |
0.209 |
0.718 |
|
0.663 |
0.735 |
0.703 |
|
0.365 |
|
|
|||
0.5 |
|
0.757 |
0.720 |
0.156 |
0.649 |
|
0.545 |
0.681 |
0.617 |
|
0.266 |
|
|
|||
1.0 |
|
0.809 |
0.724 |
0.132 |
0.604 |
|
0.443 |
0.657 |
0.548 |
|
0.201 |
|
|
|||
2.0 |
|
1.009 |
0.793 |
0.128 |
0.573 |
|
0.333 |
0.668 |
0.478 |
|
0.152 |
|
|
|||
3.0 |
|
1.316 |
0.909 |
0.142 |
0.569 |
|
0.269 |
0.714 |
0.437 |
|
0.137 |
|
|
|||
424 |
|
Приложения |
|
Таблица П-12.а |
Стандартные электродные потенциалы при 25° С |
||
|
|
(в алфавитном порядке) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Электродная реакция |
E°, В |
|
|
Ag+ + e = Ag |
+0.799 |
|
|
AgBr + e = Ag + Br– |
+0.073 |
|
|
AgCl + e = Ag + Cl– |
+0.222 |
|
|
Al3+ + 3e = Al |
–1.662 |
|
|
Au+ + e = Au |
+1.691 |
|
|
Au3+ + 3e = Au |
+1.498 |
|
|
Ba2+ + 2e = Ba |
–2.906 |
|
|
Be2+ + 2e = Be |
–1.847 |
|
|
Br2 + 2e = 2Br– |
+1.077 |
|
|
Ca2+ + 2e = Ca |
–2.866 |
|
|
Cd2+ + 2e = Cd |
–0.403 |
|
|
Ce4+ + e = Ce3+ |
+1.61 |
|
|
Cl2 + 2e = 2Cl– |
+1.360 |
|
|
Co2+ + 2e = Co |
–0.277 |
|
|
Cr2O72– + 14H+ + 6e = 2Cr3+ + 7H2O |
+1.33 |
|
|
Cr3+ + 3e = Cr |
–0.744 |
|
|
Cr3+ + e = Cr2+ |
–0.408 |
|
|
Cu+ + e = Cu |
+0.521 |
|
|
Cu2+ + 2e = Cu |
+0.337 |
|
|
Cu2+ + e = Cu+ |
+0.153 |
|
|
2D+ + 2e = D2 |
–0.0034 |
|
|
F2 + 2e = 2F– |
+2.87 |
|
|
Fe(CN)63– + e = Fe(CN)64– |
+0.36 |
|
|
Fe2+ + 2e = Fe |
–0.440 |
|
|
Fe3+ + e = Fe2+ |
+0.771 |
|
|
Ga3+ + 3e = Ga |
–0.529 |
|
|
Ge2+ + 2e = Ge |
+0.01 |
|
|
2H+ + 2e = H2 |
0.000 |
|
|
H2 + 2e = 2H– |
+2.2 |
|
|
2H2O + 2e = H2 + 2OH– |
–0.828 |
|
|
Hg2+ + 2e = Hg |
+0.854 |
|
|
Hg2+ + e = Hg+ |
+0.91 |
|
|
Hg22+ + 2e = 2Hg |
+0.788 |
|
|
Hg2Cl2 + 2e = 2Hg + 2Cl– |
+0.268 |
|
|
I2 + 2e = 2I– |
+0.534 |
|
|
K+ + e = K |
–2.925 |
|
|
La3+ + 3e = La |
–2.522 |
|
|
Li+ + e = Li |
–3.045 |
|
|
Mg2+ + 2e = Mg |
–2.363 |
|
|
Mn2+ + 2e = Mn |
–1.180 |
|
|
MnO2 + 4H+ + 2e = Mn2+ + 2H2O |
+1.23 |
|
|
MnO4– + 4H+ + 3e = MnO2 + 2H2O |
+1.695 |
|
|
MnO4– + e = MnO42– |
+0.564 |
|
|
Mo3+ + 3e = Mo |
–0.20 |
|
|
Na+ + e = Na |
–2.714 |
Приложения |
|
|
425 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Электродная реакция |
E°, В |
|
|
|
Ni2+ + 2e = Ni |
–0.250 |
|
|
|
O2 + 2H2O + 4e = 4OH– |
+0.401 |
|
|
|
O2 + 4H+ + 4e = 2H2O |
+1.229 |
|
|
|
Pb2+ + 2e = Pb |
–0.126 |
|
|
|
PbO2 + 4H+ + 2e = Pb2+ + 2H2O |
+1.455 |
|
|
|
PbO2 + SO42– + 4H+ + 2e = PbSO4 + 2H2O |
+1.682 |
|
|
|
Pd2+ + 2e = Pd |
+0.987 |
|
|
|
Pt2+ + 2e = Pt |
+1.2 |
|
|
|
Rh2+ + 2e = Rh |
+0.60 |
|
|
|
S + 2e = S2– |
–0.51 |
|
|
|
Se + 2e = Se2– |
–0.77 |
|
|
|
Sn2+ + 2e = Sn |
–0.136 |
|
|
|
Sn4+ + 2e = Sn2+ |
+0.15 |
|
|
|
Te4+ + 4e = Te |
+0.56 |
|
|
|
Ti2+ + 2e = Ti |
–1.628 |
|
|
|
Ti3+ + e = Ti2+ |
–0.369 |
|
|
|
Ti4+ + e = Ti3+ |
–0.04 |
|
|
|
Tl+ + e = Tl |
–0.336 |
|
|
|
Tl3+ + 2e = Tl+ |
+1.25 |
|
|
|
V2+ + 2e = V |
–1.186 |
|
|
|
WO42– + 4H2O + 6e = W + 8OH– |
–1.05 |
|
|
|
Zn2+ + 2e = Zn |
–0.763 |
|
|
|
Zr4+ + 4e = Zr |
–1.529 |
|
|
|
Стандартные электродные потенциалы при 25° С |
Таблица П-12.б |
|||
(в порядке возрастания) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Электродная реакция |
E°, В |
|
|
|
Li+ + e = Li |
–3.045 |
|
|
|
K+ + e = K |
–2.925 |
|
|
|
Ba2+ + 2e = Ba |
–2.906 |
|
|
|
Ca2+ + 2e = Ca |
–2.866 |
|
|
|
Na+ + e = Na |
–2.714 |
|
|
|
La3+ + 3e = La |
–2.522 |
|
|
|
Mg2+ + 2e = Mg |
–2.363 |
|
|
|
Be2+ + 2e = Be |
–1.847 |
|
|
|
Al3+ + 3e = Al |
–1.662 |
|
|
|
Ti2+ + 2e = Ti |
–1.628 |
|
|
|
Zr4+ + 4e = Zr |
–1.529 |
|
|
|
V2+ + 2e = V |
–1.186 |
|
|
|
Mn2+ + 2e = Mn |
–1.180 |
|
|
|
WO42– + 4H2O + 6e = W + 8OH– |
–1.05 |
|
|
|
2H2O + 2e = H2 + 2OH– |
–0.828 |
|
|
|
Se + 2e = Se2– |
–0.77 |
|
|
|
Zn2+ + 2e = Zn |
–0.763 |
|
|
|
Cr3+ + 3e = Cr |
–0.744 |
|
|
|
Ga3+ + 3e = Ga |
–0.529 |
|
|
|
S + 2e = S2– |
–0.51 |
|
|
|
426 |
|
Приложения |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Электродная реакция |
E°, В |
|
|
Fe2+ + 2e = Fe |
–0.440 |
|
|
Cr3+ + e = Cr2+ |
–0.408 |
|
|
Cd2+ + 2e = Cd |
–0.403 |
|
|
Ti3+ + e = Ti2+ |
–0.369 |
|
|
Tl+ + e = Tl |
–0.336 |
|
|
Co2+ + 2e = Co |
–0.277 |
|
|
Ni2+ + 2e = Ni |
–0.250 |
|
|
Mo3+ + 3e = Mo |
–0.20 |
|
|
Sn2+ + 2e = Sn |
–0.136 |
|
|
Pb2+ + 2e = Pb |
–0.126 |
|
|
Ti4+ + e = Ti3+ |
–0.04 |
|
|
2D+ + 2e = D2 |
–0.0034 |
|
|
2H+ + 2e = H2 |
0.000 |
|
|
Ge2+ + 2e = Ge |
+0.01 |
|
|
AgBr + e = Ag + Br– |
+0.073 |
|
|
Sn4+ + 2e = Sn2+ |
+0.15 |
|
|
Cu2+ + e = Cu+ |
+0.153 |
|
|
AgCl + e = Ag + Cl– |
+0.222 |
|
|
Hg2Cl2 + 2e = 2Hg + 2Cl– |
+0.268 |
|
|
Cu2+ + 2e = Cu |
+0.337 |
|
|
Fe(CN)63– + e = Fe(CN)64– |
+0.36 |
|
|
O2 + 2H2O + 4e = 4OH– |
+0.401 |
|
|
Cu+ + e = Cu |
+0.521 |
|
|
I2 + 2e = 2I– |
+0.534 |
|
|
Te4+ + 4e = Te |
+0.56 |
|
|
MnO4– + e = MnO42– |
+0.564 |
|
|
Rh2+ + 2e = Rh |
+0.60 |
|
|
Fe3+ + e = Fe2+ |
+0.771 |
|
|
Hg22+ + 2e = 2Hg |
+0.788 |
|
|
Ag+ + e = Ag |
+0.799 |
|
|
Hg2+ + 2e = Hg |
+0.854 |
|
|
Hg2+ + e = Hg+ |
+0.91 |
|
|
Pd2+ + 2e = Pd |
+0.987 |
|
|
Br2 + 2e = 2Br– |
+1.077 |
|
|
Pt2+ + 2e = Pt |
+1.2 |
|
|
O2 + 4H+ + 4e = 2H2O |
+1.229 |
|
|
MnO2 + 4H+ + 2e = Mn2+ + 2H2O |
+1.23 |
|
|
Tl3+ + 2e = Tl+ |
+1.25 |
|
|
Cr2O72– + 14H+ + 6e = 2Cr3+ + 7H2O |
+1.33 |
|
|
Cl2 + 2e = 2Cl– |
+1.360 |
|
|
PbO2 + 4H+ + 2e = Pb2+ + 2H2O |
+1.455 |
|
|
Au3+ + 3e = Au |
+1.498 |
|
|
Ce4+ + e = Ce3+ |
+1.61 |
|
|
PbO2 + SO42– + 4H+ + 2e = PbSO4 + 2H2O |
+1.682 |
|
|
Au+ + e = Au |
+1.691 |
|
|
MnO4– + 4H+ + 3e = MnO2 + 2H2O |
+1.695 |
|
|
H2 + 2e = 2H– |
+2.2 |
|
|
F2 + 2e = 2F– |
+2.87 |