- •Exercises
- •1. Answer the questions.
- •2. Find in the text English equivalents for the following Ukrainian phrases:
- •3. Find the pairs of synonyms and antonyms.
- •15. Find the definitions to the next terms:
- •16. Divide the text into logical group and give them titles.
- •17. Single out the main points of the text. Use the following opening phrases.
- •18. Prepare a short talk on the following:
- •Grammar Exercises
- •1. Name the number of the sentences where the word most has the meaning a) «більшість, більша частина», в) « вельми, вкрай» ( весьма, крайне).
- •2. Change the word order in the sentences using the Subjective Infinitive Complex.
- •Unit 13
- •1. Read sentences only with new lexis and translate them.
- •2. Put the missing letters.
- •International monetary system
- •International monetary institutions
- •Exercises
- •1. Answer the questions:
- •2. Find English equivalents for the following Ukrainian phrases.
- •3. Find the pairs of synonyms and antonyms.
- •11. Write down the Ukrainian equivalents.
- •12. Find and read sentences explaining the title of the text.
- •13. Find in the text sentences expressing such ideas.
- •15. Divide the text into logical group and give them titles.
- •16. Single out the main points of the text. Use the following opening phrases.
- •Grammar Exercises
- •1. A) Supply the articles where necessary.
- •2. Prepare the short talk on the following:
- •Unit 14
- •1. Read sentences only with new lexis.
- •2. Put the missing letters.
- •3. Work in pairs.
- •Exercises
- •1. Answer the questions.
- •2. Find in the text English equivalents for the following Ukrainian phrases:
- •3. Think of the verbs that are commonly used with:
- •9. Find and read sentences explaining the title of the text.
- •10. Find in the text sentences expressing such ideas.
- •12. Find the definitions to the next terms: short-term securities, long-term securities, bond, domestic bond market, foreign bond market, money market, capital market.
- •13. Divide the text into logical group and give them titles.
- •14. Single out the main points of the text. Use the following opening phrases.
- •Unit 15
- •1. Read sentences only with new lexis and translate them.
- •2. Put the missing letters.
- •Exercises
- •1. Answer these questions:
- •2. Find in the text English equivalents for the following Ukrainian phrases:
- •3. Think of word combination with:
- •8. Complete the sentences with the following words: stock exchange, over-the-country market,”over-the-counter”, securities market, equities, preferred stocks.
- •9. Write down the Ukrainian equivalents:
- •10. Find in the text sentences expressing such ideas.
- •12. Find and read sentences explaining the title of the text.
- •13. Divide the text into logical group and give them titles.
- •14. Single out the main points of the text. Use the following opening phrases.
- •15. Read the text and be ready to explain how to invest money in right place.
- •15. Name the number of the sentences where we have to use Russian words «по-видимому» and «оказалось».
- •16. Prepare a short talk using the Russian words «по-видимому» and «оказалось» on the following:
- •Unit 16
- •1. Read sentences only with new lexis and translate them.
- •2. Put the missing letters.
- •Investments
- •Exercises
- •1. Answer the questions.
- •2. Find in the text English equivalents for the following Ukrainian phrases:
- •3. Think of the verbs that are commonly used with:
- •10. Complete the sentences with the following words: investment, real investment, foreign direct investment, foreign indirect investment, individual investors, institutional investors.
- •11. Write down the Ukrainian equivalents:
- •12. Find and read sentences explaining the title of the text.
- •13. Find in the text sentences expressing such ideas.
- •16. Divide the text into logical group and give them titles.
- •Grammar Exercises
- •Investment Companies
- •Unit 17
- •1. Read sentences only with new lexis and translate them.
- •2. Put the missing letters.
- •3. Work in pairs. One student has to name all the words sh/he memorised from the word list another student has to translate them.
- •Exercises
- •1. Answer these questions:
- •2. Find in the text English equivalents for the following Ukrainian phrases:
- •3. Think of the verbs that are commonly used with:
- •9. Complete the sentences with the following words: currency, monies, rate of exchange (2), interbank market, the spot market (2), the forward or future markets, options, swap.
- •10. Write down the Ukrainian equivalents:
- •11. Find and read sentences explaining the title of the text.
- •12. Find in the text sentences expressing such ideas.
- •14. Find the definitions to the next terms: currency, spot market, foreign exchange rate, future or forward market, swap, option.
- •Unit 18 (Part I)
- •1. Read sentences only with new lexis and translate them.
- •2. Put the missing letters.
- •Exercises
- •1. Answer the questions.
- •2. Find in the text English equivalents for the following Ukrainian phrases:
- •3. Think of the verbs that are commonly used with:
- •11. Find and read sentences explaining the title of the text.
- •12. Find in the text sentences expressing such ideas.
- •15. Divide the text into logical group and give them titles.
- •16. Single out the main points of the text. Use the following opening phrases.
- •Grammar Exercises
- •17. Prepare a short talk on the following:
- •Unit 18 ( Part II)
- •Exercises
- •1. Answer the questions.
- •2. Find in the text English equivalents for the following Ukrainian phrases:
- •3. Match the antonyms.
- •4. Underline the negative prefixes in the following words:
- •5. Make up sentences putting the words in the correct order.
- •7. Find and read sentences explaining the title of the text.
- •8. Find in the texts sentences expressing such ideas.
- •10. Divide the text into logical group and give them titles.
- •11. Single out the main points of the text. Use the following opening phrases.
- •12. Read two texts about manager’s work and be ready to discuss it.
- •13. Prepare a short talk on the following.
- •Unit 19
- •1. Read sentences only with new lexis and translate them.
- •2. Put the missing letters.
- •Exercises
- •1. Answer the questions.
- •2. Find in the text English equivalents for the following Ukrainian phrases:
- •3. Think of the English synonyms to these Ukrainian verbs: относить (на), отражать (в учете), учитывать.
- •9. Find and read sentences explaining the title of the text.
- •10. Find in the text sentences expressing such ideas.
- •12. Find the definitions to the next terms: accounting system, book-keeping, accounting, liabilities, balance sheet.
- •13. Divide the text into logical group and give them titles.
- •14. Single out the main points of the text. Use the following opening phrases.
- •15. A) Read the text and say which information is new for you.
- •Grammar Exercises
- •1. Open the brackets using the verbs in appropriate form.
- •2. Open the brackets using the verbs in appropriate form.
- •16. Prepare a short talk on the following:
- •Unit 20
- •1. Read sentences only with new lexis and translate them.
- •2. Put the missing letters.
- •Exercises
- •1. Answer the questions.
- •2. Find in the text English equivalents for the following Ukrainian phrases:
- •3. Find in the text nouns that are most often used with the following verbs and adjectives:
- •4. Think of the word combinations with these words and words from the text.
- •5. Make up sentences from two parts
- •7. Find and read sentences explaining the title of the text.
- •10. Divide the text into logical group and give them titles.
- •11. Single out the main points of the text. Use the following opening phrases.
- •2. Open the brackets putting the verbs in the correct form:
- •3. Using texts 1 and 2 answer the questions:
- •4. Prepare for a short talk:
- •Unit 21
- •1. Read sentences only with new lexis and translate them.
- •2. Put the missing letters.
- •Exercises
- •1. Answer the questions.
- •2. Find in the text English equivalents for the following Ukrainian phrases:
- •3. Think of the nouns that are most often used with the following verbs:
- •4. Think of the verbs that are most often used with:
- •5. Match the verbs from (a) with the nouns from (b) below:
- •6. Make up sentences from two parts.
- •7. Complete the sentences with the following words: auditing, types of audits, accounts audits, management, auditors, auditor’s report, “audit risk”, the audit strategy.
- •8. Find and read sentences explaining the title of the text.
- •9. Find in the text sentences expressing such ideas.
- •11. Find the definitions to the next terms: audit, auditor, “audit risk”, auditor’s report.
- •12. Divide the text into logical group and give them titles.
- •13. Single out the main points of the text. Use the following opening phrases.
- •14. Read the text.
- •15. Supply the prepositions where necessary.
- •16. Prepare a short talk on the following:
- •Література
13. Divide the text into logical group and give them titles.
14. Single out the main points of the text. Use the following opening phrases.
The text looks at (the problem of…)
The text deals with the issue of..
It is clear from the text that…
Among other things the text raises the issue of…
The problem of…is of great importance
One of the main points to be singled out is
Great importance is also attached to…
In this connection, I’d like to say…
It further says that…
I find the question of…very important because…
We shouldn’t forget that…
I think that…should be mentioned here as a very important…mechanism of… .
US Government Securities
a) Look through the text below to say what types of securities are described in it.
b) Reread the text more carefully and explain how the US government uses debt instruments.
The US government relies heavily on debt financing. Since the 1960s, revenues have seldom covered expenses, and the differences have been financed primarily by issuing debt instruments. Moreover, new debt must be issued in order to get the necessary funds to pay off old debt that comes due.
About two-thirds of the public debt is marketable, meaning that it is represented by securities that can be sold at any time by the original purchaser through government security dealers.
Marketable issues include Treasury bills, notes, and bonds.
US Treasury Bonds have maturities greater than ten years at the time of issuance, with denominations ranging from $1,000 upward. Some Treasury bond issues have call provisions under which the Treasury has the right to force the investor to sell the bonds back to the government at par value.
US Savings Bonds are nonmarketable securities, offered only to individuals and selected organizations. There is a limit to the amount that may be purchased by any person in a single year. Two types are available: pure discount bonds and bonds that pay interest semiannually but can be redeemed for par value at any time.
To support credit for home purchase, the government has authorized the issuance of participation certificates. The most important certificates of this type are those issued by the Government National Mortgage Association (GNMA or "Ginnie Mae"), they are known as GNMA Modified Pass-Through Securities. Unlike most bonds, GNMA pass-through securities pay investors on a monthly basis an amount of money that represents both a pro rata return of principal and interest on the underlying mortgages.
US Corporate bonds. Corporate bonds are similar to other kinds of fixed-income securities. An issue of bonds is generally covered by an indenture, in which the issuing corporation promises a specified trustee that it will comply with a number of stated provisions, like the timely payment of required coupons and principal on the issue. The major types are as follows:
Mortgage bonds are debt that is secured by the pledge of specific property. In the event of default, the bondholders are entitled to obtain the property in question.
Collateral trust bonds are debt-backed by other securities that are usually held by the trustee.
Debentures are general obligations of the issuing corporation representing unsecured debt. A bond indenture will often require the issuing corporation to make annual payments into a sinking fund.
Words you may need:
treasury bond - довгострокові казначейські облігації
call provision - умова позики, яка передбачає право емітента достроково викупити цінні папери
par value - паритет, номінал
participation certificate - сертифікат участи
Government National Mortgage Association (GNMA) - Урядова Національна іпотечна асоціація
pass-through security - цінний папір, який випущено на базі пула іпотек
pro rata - пропорціональний, пропорціональна
fixed-income security - цінний папір з фіксованим прибутком