- •Exercises
- •1. Answer the questions.
- •2. Find in the text English equivalents for the following Ukrainian phrases:
- •3. Find the pairs of synonyms and antonyms.
- •15. Find the definitions to the next terms:
- •16. Divide the text into logical group and give them titles.
- •17. Single out the main points of the text. Use the following opening phrases.
- •18. Prepare a short talk on the following:
- •Grammar Exercises
- •1. Name the number of the sentences where the word most has the meaning a) «більшість, більша частина», в) « вельми, вкрай» ( весьма, крайне).
- •2. Change the word order in the sentences using the Subjective Infinitive Complex.
- •Unit 13
- •1. Read sentences only with new lexis and translate them.
- •2. Put the missing letters.
- •International monetary system
- •International monetary institutions
- •Exercises
- •1. Answer the questions:
- •2. Find English equivalents for the following Ukrainian phrases.
- •3. Find the pairs of synonyms and antonyms.
- •11. Write down the Ukrainian equivalents.
- •12. Find and read sentences explaining the title of the text.
- •13. Find in the text sentences expressing such ideas.
- •15. Divide the text into logical group and give them titles.
- •16. Single out the main points of the text. Use the following opening phrases.
- •Grammar Exercises
- •1. A) Supply the articles where necessary.
- •2. Prepare the short talk on the following:
- •Unit 14
- •1. Read sentences only with new lexis.
- •2. Put the missing letters.
- •3. Work in pairs.
- •Exercises
- •1. Answer the questions.
- •2. Find in the text English equivalents for the following Ukrainian phrases:
- •3. Think of the verbs that are commonly used with:
- •9. Find and read sentences explaining the title of the text.
- •10. Find in the text sentences expressing such ideas.
- •12. Find the definitions to the next terms: short-term securities, long-term securities, bond, domestic bond market, foreign bond market, money market, capital market.
- •13. Divide the text into logical group and give them titles.
- •14. Single out the main points of the text. Use the following opening phrases.
- •Unit 15
- •1. Read sentences only with new lexis and translate them.
- •2. Put the missing letters.
- •Exercises
- •1. Answer these questions:
- •2. Find in the text English equivalents for the following Ukrainian phrases:
- •3. Think of word combination with:
- •8. Complete the sentences with the following words: stock exchange, over-the-country market,”over-the-counter”, securities market, equities, preferred stocks.
- •9. Write down the Ukrainian equivalents:
- •10. Find in the text sentences expressing such ideas.
- •12. Find and read sentences explaining the title of the text.
- •13. Divide the text into logical group and give them titles.
- •14. Single out the main points of the text. Use the following opening phrases.
- •15. Read the text and be ready to explain how to invest money in right place.
- •15. Name the number of the sentences where we have to use Russian words «по-видимому» and «оказалось».
- •16. Prepare a short talk using the Russian words «по-видимому» and «оказалось» on the following:
- •Unit 16
- •1. Read sentences only with new lexis and translate them.
- •2. Put the missing letters.
- •Investments
- •Exercises
- •1. Answer the questions.
- •2. Find in the text English equivalents for the following Ukrainian phrases:
- •3. Think of the verbs that are commonly used with:
- •10. Complete the sentences with the following words: investment, real investment, foreign direct investment, foreign indirect investment, individual investors, institutional investors.
- •11. Write down the Ukrainian equivalents:
- •12. Find and read sentences explaining the title of the text.
- •13. Find in the text sentences expressing such ideas.
- •16. Divide the text into logical group and give them titles.
- •Grammar Exercises
- •Investment Companies
- •Unit 17
- •1. Read sentences only with new lexis and translate them.
- •2. Put the missing letters.
- •3. Work in pairs. One student has to name all the words sh/he memorised from the word list another student has to translate them.
- •Exercises
- •1. Answer these questions:
- •2. Find in the text English equivalents for the following Ukrainian phrases:
- •3. Think of the verbs that are commonly used with:
- •9. Complete the sentences with the following words: currency, monies, rate of exchange (2), interbank market, the spot market (2), the forward or future markets, options, swap.
- •10. Write down the Ukrainian equivalents:
- •11. Find and read sentences explaining the title of the text.
- •12. Find in the text sentences expressing such ideas.
- •14. Find the definitions to the next terms: currency, spot market, foreign exchange rate, future or forward market, swap, option.
- •Unit 18 (Part I)
- •1. Read sentences only with new lexis and translate them.
- •2. Put the missing letters.
- •Exercises
- •1. Answer the questions.
- •2. Find in the text English equivalents for the following Ukrainian phrases:
- •3. Think of the verbs that are commonly used with:
- •11. Find and read sentences explaining the title of the text.
- •12. Find in the text sentences expressing such ideas.
- •15. Divide the text into logical group and give them titles.
- •16. Single out the main points of the text. Use the following opening phrases.
- •Grammar Exercises
- •17. Prepare a short talk on the following:
- •Unit 18 ( Part II)
- •Exercises
- •1. Answer the questions.
- •2. Find in the text English equivalents for the following Ukrainian phrases:
- •3. Match the antonyms.
- •4. Underline the negative prefixes in the following words:
- •5. Make up sentences putting the words in the correct order.
- •7. Find and read sentences explaining the title of the text.
- •8. Find in the texts sentences expressing such ideas.
- •10. Divide the text into logical group and give them titles.
- •11. Single out the main points of the text. Use the following opening phrases.
- •12. Read two texts about manager’s work and be ready to discuss it.
- •13. Prepare a short talk on the following.
- •Unit 19
- •1. Read sentences only with new lexis and translate them.
- •2. Put the missing letters.
- •Exercises
- •1. Answer the questions.
- •2. Find in the text English equivalents for the following Ukrainian phrases:
- •3. Think of the English synonyms to these Ukrainian verbs: относить (на), отражать (в учете), учитывать.
- •9. Find and read sentences explaining the title of the text.
- •10. Find in the text sentences expressing such ideas.
- •12. Find the definitions to the next terms: accounting system, book-keeping, accounting, liabilities, balance sheet.
- •13. Divide the text into logical group and give them titles.
- •14. Single out the main points of the text. Use the following opening phrases.
- •15. A) Read the text and say which information is new for you.
- •Grammar Exercises
- •1. Open the brackets using the verbs in appropriate form.
- •2. Open the brackets using the verbs in appropriate form.
- •16. Prepare a short talk on the following:
- •Unit 20
- •1. Read sentences only with new lexis and translate them.
- •2. Put the missing letters.
- •Exercises
- •1. Answer the questions.
- •2. Find in the text English equivalents for the following Ukrainian phrases:
- •3. Find in the text nouns that are most often used with the following verbs and adjectives:
- •4. Think of the word combinations with these words and words from the text.
- •5. Make up sentences from two parts
- •7. Find and read sentences explaining the title of the text.
- •10. Divide the text into logical group and give them titles.
- •11. Single out the main points of the text. Use the following opening phrases.
- •2. Open the brackets putting the verbs in the correct form:
- •3. Using texts 1 and 2 answer the questions:
- •4. Prepare for a short talk:
- •Unit 21
- •1. Read sentences only with new lexis and translate them.
- •2. Put the missing letters.
- •Exercises
- •1. Answer the questions.
- •2. Find in the text English equivalents for the following Ukrainian phrases:
- •3. Think of the nouns that are most often used with the following verbs:
- •4. Think of the verbs that are most often used with:
- •5. Match the verbs from (a) with the nouns from (b) below:
- •6. Make up sentences from two parts.
- •7. Complete the sentences with the following words: auditing, types of audits, accounts audits, management, auditors, auditor’s report, “audit risk”, the audit strategy.
- •8. Find and read sentences explaining the title of the text.
- •9. Find in the text sentences expressing such ideas.
- •11. Find the definitions to the next terms: audit, auditor, “audit risk”, auditor’s report.
- •12. Divide the text into logical group and give them titles.
- •13. Single out the main points of the text. Use the following opening phrases.
- •14. Read the text.
- •15. Supply the prepositions where necessary.
- •16. Prepare a short talk on the following:
- •Література
2. Change the word order in the sentences using the Subjective Infinitive Complex.
Economists believe unemployment benefits to stop from looking for a job. - Unemployment benefits are beleived to stop people from looking for a job.
Economists think youth employment to be low in Germany education is subsidized by the state.
Economists consider government spending cuts to be necessary in order to cut taxes.
Economists say economic system to be the particular way in which the economic activity in a country is organized.
Economists believe workers in poor countries to be much 1ess productive as a result of bad working conditions.
Statistics say the 16 percent of world population living in the industrial countries receive nearly 80 percent of the world income.
We know public goods to be paid for out of general taxation.
We know a subvention to be money given by a government, a person or an organization to help somebody do something for the good of the public, for example, in education or sciences.
8. We consider a subsidy to be money given by a government to certain producers to help them to produce at a low price goods and services needed by the public.
Unit 13
international monetary system міжнародна валютна система
international monetary institutions міжнародні фінансові організації
to reconcile примиряти
balance-of-payments position стан платіжного балансу
to settle accounts урегулювати рахунки
adjustment коректування, виправлення
payment imbalances нерівновага виплат
employment opportunities вакансії
exaggeration прибільшення
to leave smb. worse off ставити когось в невигідне положення
imposition of controls введення контролю
1. Read sentences only with new lexis and translate them.
Employment opportunities for some workers are improved when exports thrive and are weakened for other workers when foreign products compete effectively in price or quality with domestic output.
Interdependence among nations has intensified lately.
The international monetary system is concerned with the financing of payments imbalances among countries by the use of credit or reserves.
The International Monetary Fund, an association of governments was set up on 27th December, 1945.
A movement in the exchange rate may benefit an individual in one his roles but leave him worse off in another.
2. Put the missing letters.
Int..rn..at…nal, mon..t..ry, s..stem, exag..r..ti..n, o..o..tunities, imp..s..t..on of contr..ls, ad..ust, rec..nc..le, to s..ttle a..ounts.
Read the text.
International monetary system
International monetary institutions
There is little exaggeration in saying that international monetary developments affect all individuals as workers, consumers, travellers, businessmen producing goods for domestic or foreign markets, and investors at home or abroad. The channels which transmit the impact of monetary events to people in their various roles in society are numerous.
Employment opportunities for some workers are improved when exports thrive and are weakened for other workers when foreign products compete effectively in price or quality with domestic output. A movement in the exchange rate may benefit an individual in one his roles but leave him worse off in another. The individual as a consumer may have a different view of and a different interest in what happens in the international monetary sphere from that of the individual as a worker.
Business activity is heavily influenced by international monetary conditions affecting prices, exchange rates, interest rates, imposition of controls on exports or imports or on capital movements.
Interdependence among nations has intensified lately, thus there is great interest in the functioning of the international monetary system. The international monetary system is a set of arrangements, rules, practices, and institutions under which payments are made and received for transactions carried out across national boundaries1. The international system is concerned not only with the supply of international money but with the relationships among the hundred or so currencies of individual countries and with the pattern of balance-of-payments relationships and the manner in which they are adjusted land settled.
International monetary relations are governed by rules of the Articles of Agreement2 of the International Monetary Fund3 and also by agreements and consultations among nations through other international institutions: the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT)4, the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD)5, the Bank for International Settlements (BIS)6, the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD)7, the World Bank Group8 and other organizations.
The international monetary system is afflicted with problems9. The main reason is that the nations that participate in it are politically independent but economically and financially interdependent.
This discrepancy10 determines the functions of the international monetary system; at its best, the system acts to reconcile the conflicting economic policies of its politically independent members.
In order to perform this reconciling function, the system is concerned, first, with how nations act to influence their balance-of-payments positions, with their policies that affect exchange rates.
The system is concerned, second, with how nations settle their accounts11 with one another. Third, the system is concerned with the amount and form of international money.
In broad terms12, the international monetary system involves the management, in one way or another, of three processes:
the adjustment of balance-of-payments positions, including the establishment and alteration of exchange rates13.
the financing of payments imbalances among countries by the use of credit or reserves; and
the provision of international money.
Words you may need:
National boundaries1- державні кордони
Articles of Agreement2 - устав
International Monetary Fund3 - Міжнародний Валютний Фонд
the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT)4 - Генеральне положення про тарифи та торгівлю
the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD)5 - Організація економічного співробітництва та розвитку
the Bank for International Settlements (BIS)6 - Банк міжнародних розрахунків
the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD)7 - Конференція ООН з торгівлі та розвитку
the World Bank Group8 - група Світового банку
is afflicted with problems9 - обтяжувати проблемами
discrepancy10 - розходження, протиріччя
to settle accounts11 - урегулювати розрахунки
broad terms12 - у широкому смислі
establishment and alteration of exchange rates13 - установлення та зміна обмінних курсів