- •Exercises
- •1. Answer the questions.
- •2. Find in the text English equivalents for the following Ukrainian phrases:
- •3. Find the pairs of synonyms and antonyms.
- •15. Find the definitions to the next terms:
- •16. Divide the text into logical group and give them titles.
- •17. Single out the main points of the text. Use the following opening phrases.
- •18. Prepare a short talk on the following:
- •Grammar Exercises
- •1. Name the number of the sentences where the word most has the meaning a) «більшість, більша частина», в) « вельми, вкрай» ( весьма, крайне).
- •2. Change the word order in the sentences using the Subjective Infinitive Complex.
- •Unit 13
- •1. Read sentences only with new lexis and translate them.
- •2. Put the missing letters.
- •International monetary system
- •International monetary institutions
- •Exercises
- •1. Answer the questions:
- •2. Find English equivalents for the following Ukrainian phrases.
- •3. Find the pairs of synonyms and antonyms.
- •11. Write down the Ukrainian equivalents.
- •12. Find and read sentences explaining the title of the text.
- •13. Find in the text sentences expressing such ideas.
- •15. Divide the text into logical group and give them titles.
- •16. Single out the main points of the text. Use the following opening phrases.
- •Grammar Exercises
- •1. A) Supply the articles where necessary.
- •2. Prepare the short talk on the following:
- •Unit 14
- •1. Read sentences only with new lexis.
- •2. Put the missing letters.
- •3. Work in pairs.
- •Exercises
- •1. Answer the questions.
- •2. Find in the text English equivalents for the following Ukrainian phrases:
- •3. Think of the verbs that are commonly used with:
- •9. Find and read sentences explaining the title of the text.
- •10. Find in the text sentences expressing such ideas.
- •12. Find the definitions to the next terms: short-term securities, long-term securities, bond, domestic bond market, foreign bond market, money market, capital market.
- •13. Divide the text into logical group and give them titles.
- •14. Single out the main points of the text. Use the following opening phrases.
- •Unit 15
- •1. Read sentences only with new lexis and translate them.
- •2. Put the missing letters.
- •Exercises
- •1. Answer these questions:
- •2. Find in the text English equivalents for the following Ukrainian phrases:
- •3. Think of word combination with:
- •8. Complete the sentences with the following words: stock exchange, over-the-country market,”over-the-counter”, securities market, equities, preferred stocks.
- •9. Write down the Ukrainian equivalents:
- •10. Find in the text sentences expressing such ideas.
- •12. Find and read sentences explaining the title of the text.
- •13. Divide the text into logical group and give them titles.
- •14. Single out the main points of the text. Use the following opening phrases.
- •15. Read the text and be ready to explain how to invest money in right place.
- •15. Name the number of the sentences where we have to use Russian words «по-видимому» and «оказалось».
- •16. Prepare a short talk using the Russian words «по-видимому» and «оказалось» on the following:
- •Unit 16
- •1. Read sentences only with new lexis and translate them.
- •2. Put the missing letters.
- •Investments
- •Exercises
- •1. Answer the questions.
- •2. Find in the text English equivalents for the following Ukrainian phrases:
- •3. Think of the verbs that are commonly used with:
- •10. Complete the sentences with the following words: investment, real investment, foreign direct investment, foreign indirect investment, individual investors, institutional investors.
- •11. Write down the Ukrainian equivalents:
- •12. Find and read sentences explaining the title of the text.
- •13. Find in the text sentences expressing such ideas.
- •16. Divide the text into logical group and give them titles.
- •Grammar Exercises
- •Investment Companies
- •Unit 17
- •1. Read sentences only with new lexis and translate them.
- •2. Put the missing letters.
- •3. Work in pairs. One student has to name all the words sh/he memorised from the word list another student has to translate them.
- •Exercises
- •1. Answer these questions:
- •2. Find in the text English equivalents for the following Ukrainian phrases:
- •3. Think of the verbs that are commonly used with:
- •9. Complete the sentences with the following words: currency, monies, rate of exchange (2), interbank market, the spot market (2), the forward or future markets, options, swap.
- •10. Write down the Ukrainian equivalents:
- •11. Find and read sentences explaining the title of the text.
- •12. Find in the text sentences expressing such ideas.
- •14. Find the definitions to the next terms: currency, spot market, foreign exchange rate, future or forward market, swap, option.
- •Unit 18 (Part I)
- •1. Read sentences only with new lexis and translate them.
- •2. Put the missing letters.
- •Exercises
- •1. Answer the questions.
- •2. Find in the text English equivalents for the following Ukrainian phrases:
- •3. Think of the verbs that are commonly used with:
- •11. Find and read sentences explaining the title of the text.
- •12. Find in the text sentences expressing such ideas.
- •15. Divide the text into logical group and give them titles.
- •16. Single out the main points of the text. Use the following opening phrases.
- •Grammar Exercises
- •17. Prepare a short talk on the following:
- •Unit 18 ( Part II)
- •Exercises
- •1. Answer the questions.
- •2. Find in the text English equivalents for the following Ukrainian phrases:
- •3. Match the antonyms.
- •4. Underline the negative prefixes in the following words:
- •5. Make up sentences putting the words in the correct order.
- •7. Find and read sentences explaining the title of the text.
- •8. Find in the texts sentences expressing such ideas.
- •10. Divide the text into logical group and give them titles.
- •11. Single out the main points of the text. Use the following opening phrases.
- •12. Read two texts about manager’s work and be ready to discuss it.
- •13. Prepare a short talk on the following.
- •Unit 19
- •1. Read sentences only with new lexis and translate them.
- •2. Put the missing letters.
- •Exercises
- •1. Answer the questions.
- •2. Find in the text English equivalents for the following Ukrainian phrases:
- •3. Think of the English synonyms to these Ukrainian verbs: относить (на), отражать (в учете), учитывать.
- •9. Find and read sentences explaining the title of the text.
- •10. Find in the text sentences expressing such ideas.
- •12. Find the definitions to the next terms: accounting system, book-keeping, accounting, liabilities, balance sheet.
- •13. Divide the text into logical group and give them titles.
- •14. Single out the main points of the text. Use the following opening phrases.
- •15. A) Read the text and say which information is new for you.
- •Grammar Exercises
- •1. Open the brackets using the verbs in appropriate form.
- •2. Open the brackets using the verbs in appropriate form.
- •16. Prepare a short talk on the following:
- •Unit 20
- •1. Read sentences only with new lexis and translate them.
- •2. Put the missing letters.
- •Exercises
- •1. Answer the questions.
- •2. Find in the text English equivalents for the following Ukrainian phrases:
- •3. Find in the text nouns that are most often used with the following verbs and adjectives:
- •4. Think of the word combinations with these words and words from the text.
- •5. Make up sentences from two parts
- •7. Find and read sentences explaining the title of the text.
- •10. Divide the text into logical group and give them titles.
- •11. Single out the main points of the text. Use the following opening phrases.
- •2. Open the brackets putting the verbs in the correct form:
- •3. Using texts 1 and 2 answer the questions:
- •4. Prepare for a short talk:
- •Unit 21
- •1. Read sentences only with new lexis and translate them.
- •2. Put the missing letters.
- •Exercises
- •1. Answer the questions.
- •2. Find in the text English equivalents for the following Ukrainian phrases:
- •3. Think of the nouns that are most often used with the following verbs:
- •4. Think of the verbs that are most often used with:
- •5. Match the verbs from (a) with the nouns from (b) below:
- •6. Make up sentences from two parts.
- •7. Complete the sentences with the following words: auditing, types of audits, accounts audits, management, auditors, auditor’s report, “audit risk”, the audit strategy.
- •8. Find and read sentences explaining the title of the text.
- •9. Find in the text sentences expressing such ideas.
- •11. Find the definitions to the next terms: audit, auditor, “audit risk”, auditor’s report.
- •12. Divide the text into logical group and give them titles.
- •13. Single out the main points of the text. Use the following opening phrases.
- •14. Read the text.
- •15. Supply the prepositions where necessary.
- •16. Prepare a short talk on the following:
- •Література
2. Open the brackets putting the verbs in the correct form:
At the end of the month or more frequently all journal entries (to post) into the book of accounts (to know) as a general ledger (to consist) of separate pages for each account. The page for each account (to show) its debits and its credits, so that the balance of each account (can) (to determine). As each journal entry (to record) on the (to plan) side of its account, a mark (to place) in the post column of the journal in order (to show) that it already (to record) in the ledger. The date (to use) in the ledger (to be) the date on which the entry first (to record) in the journal. The post column in the account (to use) (to show) which page this entry (to post) to in the ledger.
In addition to the general ledger, a subsidiary (дополнительный) ledger (to use) in order (to provide) information in greater detail about the accounts in the general ledger. For example, the subsidiary ledger (may) (to keep) for the amount of money (to owe) to the company by all its customers, for the wages (to pay) to each employee, for each building or machine (to own) by the company and for amounts (to owe) to each of the company's creditors.
3. Using texts 1 and 2 answer the questions:
What is the difference between a journal and a ledger?
What types of journals and ledgers are used in bookkeeping?
What are the main steps in the process of recording information about transactions?
4. Prepare for a short talk:
The main tasks of bookkeeping.
Imagine you are a bookkeeper. What do you think of this profession? Is it dangerous?
Could you say that the profit of a firm depends on the bookkeeper’s work?
Unit 21
to examine перевіряти, проводити ревізію
accounting records документи обліку
to offer an opinion зробити висновок
account audit аудит рахунків
indepth audit report детальний аудиторський звіт
audit procedures методика проведення ревізії
substantive test незалежна перевірка
test in totals перевірка підсумкових чисел
audit risk риск неякісного контролю
detection risk риск (не) виявлення
to qualify the opinion дати аудиторський висновок з застереженнями (оговорка)
1. Read sentences only with new lexis and translate them.
Auditing is a process in which an independent accountant-auditor examines a firm's accounting records and financial statements and offers an opinion on their accuracy and reliability.
The auditor should focus on any misstatement whether it is intentional or unintentional.
Special bodies of users, such as supervisory boards, employee representatives, government agencies may sometimes need an indepth audit report.
The auditor normally starts with a study of the business environment the audited company is working in and performs a preliminary analytical review.
It should be stressed that auditors do not monitor, they offer an opinion, and the audit process and audit procedures are complicated and manifold.
Defining the audit strategy the auditor has to decide whether to rely on internal controls or to resort to substantive testing applying analytical review procedures, such as tests in totals, comparison with budgets or even statistical analysis of figures.