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ignore, v imagine, v.

imaginative, a. immediate, a.

immediately, adv. impact, v., n. impossible, a. impulse, n.

imply, v implication, n. implicit, a.

include, v incorporate, v increase, v., n.

increasing, a. increasingly, adv.

incredibly, adv. indeed, adv. individual, a. inevitable, a.

inevitably, adv. inexhaustible, a. influence, n., v. infrequent, a.

infrequently, a d v. inhabit, v.

inhabitable, a. inhabitant, n.

initiate, v. initial, a. initially, adv.

inquire, v. inquiry, n.

insight, n.

to gain an insight into

intellectual,

a.

 

intelligence,

n.

 

intelligent,

a.

intend, v

 

 

intention,

n.

intentionally, a d v.

intensify, v intensity, n. intense, a.

interact, v.

interaction, n. interconnect, v, interdependence, n. interest, n., v.

to be interested in to be of interest interesting, a.

interface, n. internal, a. interplay, n. intervene, v

intervention, n. intricate, a.

intricately, adv. introduce, v

introduction, n. invent, v.

invention, n. inventor, tt.

investigate, v investigation, n.

involve, v. involved, a.

to be involved in involvement, n.

irregular, a. irreversible, a. isolate, v. , ■

isolation, n. issue, v.

the point at issue to be at issue

join, v. (P a d . 1) joint, a.

judge, v.

as judged by justify, v.

kind, n., v.

lack, n., P. land, v., л. lately, adv. lay, v.

to lay emphasis layer, n.

law, n. level, n. lifeless, a. lifetime, n. like, a., v.

likely, a. (P a tt. 2 2 )

likely, adv. ,limit, v

limitation, v. link, n., v. liquid, n.

little, less, least, a. at least

not in the least to say the least

locate, v. ' location, n.

long-range, a. long-term, a. look forward, v.

maintain, v maintenance, n.

magnitude, n.

 

major, a.

 

majority, n.

 

man-disturbed,

a.

man-dominated, a.

man-initiated, a.

manage, v

 

mankind, n.

 

manner, n.

 

mark, л., v.

\

marked, a.

massive, a.

 

matter, я., v.

 

no matter (how) (P att. 3 1) as a matter of convenience as a matter of course

as a matter of fact as a matter of record for that matter

in a matter of seconds

no matter subject matter

mean, v meaning, n.

meaningful, a. meaningless, a.

means, n.

by means of by all means by no means

measure, v., n.

in a (some) measure to take measures measurable, a. measurement, n.

mention, v., n. not to mention

to make mention of (P att. 2) mere, a.

merely, adv. message, n. middle, n. mind, n.

to come to one’s mind to my mind

to be of two minds

to bear (to have,, to keep) in mind

mindless, a. mistake, n. modem, a. modify, v. motivation, n.

motive, a motive force

mystery, n. mysterious, a.

name, л., v nameless, a. namely, adv.

nature, n. natural, a.

naturally, adv. necessarily, adv.

necessary, a.

332

necessitate,

v

 

originally, adv.

necessity, n.

 

originate,

v.

negative, a.

 

 

 

opinion, n.

 

newly,

a d v .

 

 

 

opportunity, n.

note, v., n.

 

 

 

to take an opportunity

to take note of (P att. 2)

 

out-of-date, a.

noteworthy, a.

 

outcome, ft.

 

nowadays, adv.

 

 

outer, a .

 

number, ft.

 

 

 

outline, v

 

a number of

 

output, n.

 

the number of

 

outstanding, a.

quite a number

 

overcome, v.

'

numerical,

a.

 

overlap, v.

v.

numerous,

a.

 

oversimplify,

object,

ft.

 

 

 

own, a.

 

 

 

V

pace, n.

 

object to, v

 

to keep pace with

objective, a ., n.

 

paper, n.

 

observe, v

 

 

 

part, и.

 

observation, n.

 

in part

 

obsolete, a.

 

 

 

on the part of

obstacle, n.

 

 

 

to take part in

obtain,

v.

 

 

 

partial, a.

 

obvious, a.

 

 

 

partially,

adv.

obviously, adv.

 

particle, и.

 

occasion, n.

 

 

particular, a.

 

occasional,

a.

 

in particular

occasionally, adv.

 

to go into particulars

occupy, v.

 

 

 

pattern, ft., v.

 

to occupy oneself with

peculiar, a.

 

occur,

v.

 

 

 

peculiarity, ft.

occurrence,

ft,

 

perform, v.

 

odd, a.

 

 

 

 

performance, ft.

operate, v

 

 

 

perhaps, adv.

 

operation, n.

 

period, n.

 

oppose, v

 

 

 

person,' ft.

 

oppositt,

a.

 

 

personal, a.

opposition, n.

 

phenomenon, n. ( p i phenomena)

order, n.

 

 

 

plenty, ft.

 

in order for

 

plenty of

 

in

order

that

 

plentiful,

a.

in

order

to

 

 

point, ft.

 

organize, v

 

 

 

pointless,

a.

origin,

n.

 

 

 

at this point

original,

a.

 

 

in point

 

333

point of view the point at issue the point is

to the point off the point point (out, to)

pollute, v. pollution, n. pollutant, n.

'popular, a. possess, v possible, a .

possibly, a d v.

possibility, n. position, n.

to be in a position potential, a.

potentiality n. power, и,

powerful, a. practical, a.

practically, adv. practice, v., n.

precede, v. predetermine, v. predict, v.

prediction, n. prefer, v.

preference, n.

prepare, v.

 

present, v., n., a .

'

present-day

at present

 

for the present

to be present

 

presence, n.

 

presentation,

n.

preserve, v.

 

presume, v

 

presumably, a d v. pressure, n.

prevent (from), v previous, a.

previously, a d v. primitive, a.

principle, n. principal, a.

probability, n. probably, adv.

produce, v product, n.

,production, n. productivity, n.

profit, v. profitable, a.

profound, a. profoundly, adv.

progress, n. progressive, a. progressively, adv.

proceed to (with), v project, v., n. prominent, a. promise, v., n. pronounce, v

pronounced, a. proper, a.

properly, adv. property, n.

proportion, n. proportional to, a.

propose, v. prove, v. (Patt. 22)

proof, n. provide, v.

provided, соту. providing, conj. provision, n.

to make provision (for) public, a.

publication, n. publish, v

pure, a. purely, adv. purist, n. purity, n.

purpose, n.

general purpose on purpose special purpose

334

qualification, n. quality, n.

quantity, n.

in quantity

race, n. raise, v

range, it.,

v.

 

 

 

a wide range of

 

over (within)

the

range

rapid, a .

 

 

 

 

rapidly, adv.

,

 

rare, a.

 

 

 

 

rate, n.

 

 

 

 

first-rate

 

 

 

at any rate

 

 

 

raw, a.

 

 

 

 

reach, v., n.

 

 

 

beyond the reach

 

out of (the) reach

 

within the reach

 

reading(s),

n.

 

 

*

to read (off)

 

 

real, a.

 

 

 

 

really,

adv.

 

 

 

realize, v.

 

 

 

realization,

n.

 

 

reason, n.,

v

 

 

 

reasonable,

a.

 

 

reasonably,

adv.

 

reasoning, n.

 

 

to stand to reason

 

recent, a.

 

 

 

 

recently, adv.

 

 

recommend, v. (Patt. 20)

record,

v.

 

 

 

as a matter of record

reduce, v.

 

 

 

 

refer to, v. ( P a tt

1)

 

to be referred to as

reference, n.

 

 

to make reference to (Patt. 2)

regard, tt.,

v. (P a d s 20,

22)

region, n.

 

 

 

 

regulate, v. regulation, n.

relate, v relation, n.

relationship, n. relatively, adv.

release, v.

rely on (upon), v. (P att. 1) remain, v

remote, a. remove, v. replace, v,

report, л., v. (P att. 22) represent, v.

representative, a . ,

to be representative of reproduction, n.

require, v. (P att. 26) requirement, n.

to meet requirements research, n.

to do research •researcher, л.

resemble, v. resist, v.

resistance, n.

to offer resistance respect, n.

in some respects respective, a. respectively, adv.

respond, v response, n.

responsible (for), a. to be responsible (for)

rest, л,- at rest

the rest of resume, v. reveal, v. root, n.

at the root of roughly, adv. routine, n.

rule, n.

rule out, v.

simplify, v

 

 

run, и., v

 

 

simplicity,

n.

in the long run

single,

a.

 

 

in running order

single out, v.

safe, a.

 

 

smooth, a.

 

 

 

 

society,

n.

 

 

to be on the safe side

solar, a.

 

 

safely, adv.

solid, a.

 

 

sample, n .,

v.

 

solution, n.

 

 

scale,

n.

 

 

solve, v.

 

 

on the scale

sophisticated, a.

 

science, n.

 

 

sound,

a-

 

 

scientific,

a.

source,

n.

 

 

scientifically, adv.

space, n.

 

 

scientist, n.

1 outer space

 

scope,

n.

 

 

special, a.

 

 

out of the scope

specialize,

v

 

the scope of research

specific, a.

 

 

search, n.

 

v

specify, v.

 

 

search for,

species,

n.

 

 

seem, v. (P att.

2 2)

speculate, v

 

 

seemingly,

adv.

speculative,

a.

select,

v.

 

 

speculation,

n.

self-evident,

a.

 

speed, n.

 

 

sense,

n.

 

 

spoil, v.

 

 

in a sense

 

spontaneous, a.

 

in the sense of

stage, n.

 

 

sensible, a.

standard, n., a.

 

sensitive, a.

standard of living

separate, v.,

a.

 

state, n.

 

 

sequence v.

 

 

statement, n.

series,

n.

 

 

steady, a.

 

 

serve,

v.

 

 

steadily, adv.

service,

n.

 

step, n.

 

 

 

shape,

n.

 

 

stream, n.

 

 

shock,

n.

 

 

stress, n.

 

 

sight, n.

 

 

subject,

n.

 

 

at first sight

subject matter

sign, n.

 

 

subject to,

a.

significance, n.

to be subject to

significant,

a.

subject to,

v

similar, a.

 

 

subsequent, a.

 

 

similarly, adv.

subsequently, adv.

similarity,

n.

substance, n.

 

 

simple, a.

 

 

substantial,

 

a

336

substantially, adv. substantiate, v

sufficient, a. suggest, v. (P att. 26)

suggestion, n. suitable, a.

sum up, v. summary, n.

supersede, v. supply, и., v. support, V ., n.

suppose, v. (F ails 20, 22)

supposedly, adv. sure, a .

-bp sure (P att. 2 2 )

to make sure

surely, adv. surface, n. surprise, v., n.

to be surprised surprising, a.

surround, v, survive, v.

survival, n. switch, v.

tackle, v.

to tackle a problem tape, n.

task, n. team, n. technique, n.

technology, n. technological, a.

temporarily, adv. test, v., n.

thesis, л. ( p i theses) thought, n.

threat, n. title, n. tolerate, v tool, n. total, a.

totally, a d v transform, v

transition, n. transitional, a.

travel, n ., v traveller, n.

would-be traveller treat, v

treatment, n. trend, n. trouble, n.

true, a. truth, n.

ultimate, a. ultimately, adv.

unavoidable, a. uncommon, a. uncontrolled, a. undergo, v. underlie, v. undertake, v. undoubtedly, adv. unexpected, a. unfold, v. unfortunately, adv. unique, a.

unit, n. universe, n.

universal, a. universally, adv.

unlikely, a. (P att. 2 2 ), adv.

unparalleled, a. unprecedented, a. unreasonable, a. unsolved, a. ptiltze, v.

utilization, a. urgent, a.

use, n .,'v .

in use

to be of use

to make use of (P att. 2) useful, a

useless, a. vague, a

V z 2 2 ~ 23e5

337

 

vaguely, adv.

volume, n.

vain, a.

waste, n., v.

in vain

value, n.

wasteful, a.

of value

weigh, v.

valuable, a.

weight, n.

vary, v.

welcome, v.

variable, a.

to be welcome

various, a.

well, a.

variation, n.

: to do well

vast, a.

wide, a.

velocity, n.

widely, adv.

view, n.

wonderfiil, a.

in view of

worth, a.

viewpoint, n.

to be worth (while) (P att. 8)

point of view, n.

noteworthy, a.

visible, a.

wrong, a.

ПРИЛОЖЕНИЕ

НЕКОТОРЫЕ РЕКОМЕНДАЦИИ ПО СОСТАВЛЕНИЮ АННОТАЦИЙ И ТЕЗИСОВ

1.При написании аннотации и тезисов целесообразно начинать с создания «заготовки» на русском языке, которая бы содер­

жал^ основные пункты сообщаемой информации в виде пре­ дельно коротких простых предложений.

2.Наиболее полезным источником слов и словосочетаний, не­ обходимых для написания аннотации и тезисов, следует счи­ тать английский текст, написанный по данной (или смежной) проблеме автором, родным языком которого является англий­ ский. Отобранные из такого текста слова, словосочетания или целые отрезки могут затем быть использованы а качестве «строительных блоков» создаваемого текста.

3.Грамматическая структура предложения в аннотации или те­ зисах определяется характером сообщаемой информации: вни­ мание читателя привлекается к результатам исследования, ис­ пользованной методике, аппаратуре, условиям проведениязк-

сперимента, положенным в работу допущениям, моделям, использованной теории и т.п. Как правило, упоминание об авто*’ ре отсутствует, исходная информация сведена к минимуму.

Для передачи такого сообщения в английском языке исполь­ зуются главным образом следующие грамматические структуры:

А. Пассивные конструкции (модели 1 и 2, смысловая структу­ ра 1а, На, НЬ, § 5—7, 18), так, например:

1)(Известная всем или только что упомянутая) Теория. . .

распространена на случай. .. The theory of. . . is extended in order to include the case o f...

2)Проведен теоретический расчет... в предположении, что... А theoretical calculation of. . . has been carried out under the assumption that...

3)Получена непротиворечивая интерпретация данных с по­ мощью модели... A consistent interpretation ofthe data is obtained by employing a model...

4)С помощью этой модели рассчитаны.. . The model is used to calculate.

/ 222*

339

5) Предлагается поправка к ... которая... А ... correction is proposed, such that...

6) Изучено влияние облучения н а .. . The effect of irradiation on

. .. has been studied.

/

Б. Безличные предложения с предваряющим it (табл. 14, п. Ill):

•7) Сделан вывод о том, что данный метод может дать. . . It is

concluded that the method is capable of producing...

8) Имеет смысл проверить эту методику н а .. . It is worth while

testing this procedure for...

\

В. Предложения с формальным there и последующим глаго­ лом наличия, существования, возникновения в активе (смысло­ вая структура lb, § 6):

9)

Нет необходимости постулировать. . . There is по need to

-

postulate...

10) Есть основания полагать, что. .. There are reasons to believe th a t,.

При этом следует иметь в виду, что при переводе многих рус­ ских безличных и неопределенно-личных предложений, где нет подлежащего и носителем исходной информации является какойлибо второстепенный член предложения, этот последний целесо­ образно сделать подлежащим английского предложения:

11)В качестве хладагента применялся жидкий гелий... The cooling agent has been liquid helium...

12)Для калибровки термопар применялся... The thermocouples have been calibrated by means o f...

13)В работе исследован диапазон давлений от... до,.. The pressure range investigated has covered from... to ....

Впоследнем примере явно избыточная информация («в ра- *„ боте») может быть вообще опущена.

4.Напомним, что важным средством выделения сообщаемой информации, привлечения внимании к сообщению является неопределенный артикль в первой функции (или отсутствие артикля, § 8, 9). См. примеры 2, 3, 5, 9, а также такие предло­ жения, как:

14)Расхождение результатов, по-видимому, объясняется боль­ шой инструментальной ошибкой, присущей последнему методу. The disagreement appears to be due to a large instrumental error inherent to the latter technique.

3 40