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P a t t e r n

V o c a b u l a r y L i s t s 6—8

P a t t e r n s

19—20

to borrow a technique (data, values); to come into being; to come to one’s mind; to do well with ~ to succeed in; to keep within limits; to lead the world in ideas ~ to be a leader; to leave smth. out of the scope of research (cpnsideration, etc.); to leave problems unsolved; to make distinction ~ to distinguish;

the amount of effort; the rate of knowledge growth; the scope of research; the standard of living.

P a t t e r n

V o c a b u l a r y ^List 9

P a t t e r n s

21—22

to correlate with smth.; to dominate smth.; (to be) disappointed; to establish a method (school, etc.); to follow roles; to graduate (from the university); to guess smth.-; to keep in touch with; to lead to ~ to result in ~ to give rise to; to lose interest in; to occupy oneself with; to overlap (the results overlap); to oversimplify a problem; to provide favourable conditions for; to represent smb. (the scientific community, majority, etc.); to spoil smth.; to stay diversified; to tolerate smth.

P a t t e r n V o c a b u l a r y L i s t 10

Word Study Vocabulary

above all; arbitrarily; to argue, argument; available; by far; closely; concern, to concern, to be concerned with, so far as.. . is concerned; to consider, consideration, considerable, to take into consideration; to extend, extension, extent, extensive, extensively; to expand, expansion, expansive, expansively; to fail, failure; foreseeable future; fruitful; to be in the forefront; to give an opportunity; to be heavily involved; in spite of; to make an effort; to prove, proof; rather than; reason, to reason, reasonable; to stand to reason; to take place; to take over,

UNIT THREE .

Structure Study Vocabulary

P a t t e r n 23

to accomplish smth.; to admit smth. (against one’s will); to appear alien; to arrive at conclusions; to change one’s mind; to continue for years; to cover a distance; to design a spaceship (an apparatus), to be designed for, design of an apparatus; to dismiss an idea; to be engaged in; to enjoy one’s work; to evolve; to exhaust; to feel confident; to

2-(-2365

321

figure out; a generation of stars (of researchers, of computers, etc.); origin, original, to originate; to overcome a problem (difficulty, obstacle, etc.); to reach a level (agreement, destination, etc.); to resemble smth. — to be like smth.; to survive, a survival.

P a t t e r n s 24—26

to approach a problem; to attain speed; to escape from smth.; to grasp a physical law; to judge by analogy; to be justified in; to receive a message; to respond to; to succeed each other (but: to succeed in one’s career); to treat a problem;

alarming (situation, signal, etc.); enormous (distance, power, etc.); imaginative (author, scientist, etc.); inhabited (planet, island, etc.) ~ habitable; unattractive (situation); high intelligence.

P a t t e r n

V o c a b u l a r y L i s t s

11—13

 

 

Word Study Vocabulary

 

to effect ~

to bring about ~ to produce;

to get away from -

to

escape; to keep

in mind - to bear iu mind

~ to remember; to

put

forward ~ to advance; to treat ~ to handle ~ to deal with;

to compare (with), comparison, comparative, comparable, com­ parably, in comparison with, as compared with (to); long, for a long time, before long, long before; to mean, meaning, meaningful, mean, means, by means of, by any means, by no means; single, to single out.

 

UNIT FOUR

 

Structure Study Vocabulary

P a t t e r n s

27—32

abundant (resourses, information, etc.); adverse (effects, impact,

influence, etc.);

appreciable (amount, development, research, etc.);

a challenging problem, a major challenge; a global crisis; injurous

(effects, consequences, experiments, etc.); an indispensible condition; irreversible (process, change); mutual interaction; substantial (quantity, number, etc.);

to alter climate (equipment, conditions ~ to change radically; to be at the root; to be in balance; to be in running order ~ to operate successfully, to be responsible for; to bring home smth. - to make people realize smth.; to cause an error (a change, difficulties, etc.); to distinguish between; to exceed the amount (the level, the temperature, etc.); to have smth. tn common with; a community of plants; scientific community;

322

to introduce a disturbance (an error, an idea, etc.); to interfere with (~to temper with), interference; to master nature (environment, process, etc.); to present a threat ~ to be dangerous; to pollute the atmosphere, pollution, pollutants; to undergo changes ~ to experience changes; within the framework of - in the context of ~ in terms of.

P a t t e r n V o c a b u l a r y L i s t 14 P a t t e r n s 33—37

adequate theory (information, quantity, measures, etc,); to constitute an advance (science, development, etc.); convincing conclusions (theory, values, etc.); to cope with a difficulty (a problem, a situation, etc.); damage, to do damage, damaging effects; ever-growing population (concern, demand, advances, etc.); evidence, as evidenced; to give impetus to; an inescapable'circumstance (situation); to lack smth.; to lack in smth.; a lack of smth.; mindless actions - unreasonable actions; to preserve nature (environment), preservation of nature; to raise an issue (a problem, a question, etc.); to regulate smth., a self-regulatory process; to treat property ~ to handle properly; underlying concept (theory, assumption, etc.); to upset the balance; wastes (toxic wastes, radioactive wastes, etc.).

P a t t e r n V o c a b u l a r y L i s t s 15—16

Word Study Vocabulary

ample (proof, evidence, information, etc.); to bring about ~ to bring into being; common, common knowledge, common experience, common sense; the entire (philosophy, population, human race, etc.); to fit the theory (the experiment, the curve, the hypothesis, etc.); to get rid of; to keep pace with; to know for certain; to have no doubts about; to measure, a measure of, to take measures — to take action; pattern (intricate, obscure, peculiar); to point to, to point out, to be to the point, to see the point, the main point, at this point; satisfactory (results, explanation, theory, etc.); to sqe to smth.; spectacular (developments, advances, etc.); sufficient (arhount, evidence, information, etc.); subject to, to subject tp consideration (criticism, high temperature, etc.), subject; the whole world, the whole, as a whole.

21

323

adv.

COURSE VOCABULARY

Abbreviations

a. adjective adv. adverb conj. cofunction n. —noun

Patt. Pattern pi. plural

prep. — preposition v. — verb

abandon, v. able, a.

to be able ability, n.

absence* n. absent, a.

academic, a. accept, v.

generally accepted acceptable, a.

accomplish, v accomplishment, n.

accord, n. accordance, n.

in accordance with prep. according to

accordingly, adv. account, n.

on account of, prep. to take into account

to take account of (P att. 2) to account for (P att. 1)

accumulate, v. accumulation, n.

accuracy, n. accurate, a.

accustom, v.

to be accustomed to achieve, v.

achievement, n. acquaint, v.

acquire, v action, n.

to bring (call) into action active, a.

activity, n. adapt, v.

adaptation, n. add, v.

addition, n.

in addition (to) additional, a.

adequate, a. admit, v.

admittedly, advance, v.

in advance advanced, a.

advantage, n.

to be of advantage

to take advantage of (P att. 2) advantageous, a.

adverse, a.

agree (upon, with), v. (P att. 1) it is generally agreed agreement, n.

to be in agreement with' affect, v. (P att. 1)

aim, n. aim (at), v

to be aimed at alarm, n.

324

alarming, a. alike, a.

all, a.

above all after all not.. .at all

allow (for), v (РаЦ. 1) allowance, n.

to make allowance for (P att. 2) alter, v

alternative, a ., n.. alternatively, adv.

altogether, adv. amount, n.

amount to, v. analyse, v.

analysis, n. (p i analyses) in the last analysis

announce, v. announcement, n.

anticipate, v. appear, v, (P att. 2 2)

appearance, n. apparent, a. apparently, adv.

apply, v applied, a.

application, n. appreciate, v

appreciable, a. approach, v., rt. (P att. 1) arbitrary, a.

arbitrarily, adv. area, n.

arena, n. argue, v

argument, n. arrange, v

arrangement, n. arrive, v

article, n. artificial, a. ascribe to, v. associate, v

associated with

associate, v.

assume, v. (P atts 20, 22)

assumption, n. attain, v

attempt, n.

to make an attempt attempt, v.

attend, v.(P att. 1)

attention, n.

to pay attention to

to give attention to audience, available, a.

availability, n. avoid, v. (P att. 8)

background, n.

historical background balance, n.

to be in balance base, v.

to be based on basic, a. basis, rt.

bear, v.

to bear in mind

to have a bearing on (upon)

believe, v. (P a tts 20, 22)

benefit, n ., v.

for the benefit of beneficial, a.

billion, n. bold, a. bond, n. borrow, v. brain, n. branch, n . ' break, v.

break down break out break-through, n.

brief, a. briefly, adv.

brilliant, a. bnng (about), v

bring home

bring into being broad, a.

broadly, adv. broadly speaking

calculate, v. calculation, n.

call, v.

to call for (P att, I) to call attention to

capable, a. саге, и., v.

to take care of (P att. 2) careful, a.

carefully, adv. case, n.

casual, a. cause, л.

cause, v. (P att. 2 0)

'cell, n. century, n.

at the turn of the century certain, a.

for certain

to be certain to make certain certainly, adv. certainty, n.

chain, л. challenge, n ., v.

challenging, a. chance, n.

by chance change, n ., v chapter, n. character, n.

characteristic, n. characteristic of, a.

civilization, n. civilized, a.

close, a. closely, adv.

collaborate, v. collaboration, n.

collect, v

combine, v

 

combined, a.

 

combination, n.

1

come, v

to come into being common, a.

to have smth. in common commonly, adv. community, n.

communicate, v communication, n.

compare, v

as compared to (with) comparison, it.

to make comparisons comparable, a. comparatively, adv.

competence, л. complete, a ., v.

completely, adv. completion, n.

complex, a. compose, v.

to be composed of composition, n.

compound, л. concentrate, v. concept, n. concern, л.

to be of concern concern, v.

as far as... is concerned

(in) so far as, . . is concerned to concern oneself with

to be concerned with concerned, a. concerning, prep.

conclude, v conclusion, it.

to draw a conclusion conclusive, a.

condition, n. confide, v

confidence, n. confident, a.

326

confirm, v connect, v.

connection* n. consequence, n.

consequently, adv.

consider, v. (P atts 20, 22)

considerable, a. considerably, adv. consideration, л.

to give consideration to (Patt. 2) to take into consideration under consideration

consist, v consist of consist in

consistent with

. self-consistent constitute, v.

constituent, л., a. construct, v.

construction, n. contain, v.

, content, n. contaminate, v

contaminant, n. contemporary, a. continue, v

continuous, a. contrary, a.

contrary to

on the contrary contrast, л.'

in contrast to (with) as contrasted with by contrast to (with)

contribute to, v. contribution, я.

to make contribution to (Patt. 2) control, v.

controlled, a. control, в.

convert, v. cooperate, v. correlate, v. correspond, v

corresponding, a cost, n.

at any cost at all costs

count (on, upon), V course, n.

during (in) the course of of course

cover, v. create, v.

creature, n. crude, a. cumulative, a. curious, a.

curiosity, n.

to excite curiosity curve, n.

cycle, и., v. cyclic, a. cycling, n.

daily, adv. danger, n.

dangerous, a. data, it. (pi. от datum) deal, л.

a great deal of

deal with, v. (P att. J) decade, n.

decide, v. decision, it.

to make a decision dedicate, v

deduce, v. deduction, it. deductive, a.

defect, it. defective, a.

define, v definite, a. definition, n.

degree, n.

to a certain degree delay, n ., v.

demand, i t , v.

to meet the demand

distinguish, v

 

depend on, v. (P an . 1)

distinguished, a.

depending on (upon)

as distinguished from

dependable,

a.

distuib, v.

 

dependence,

n.

disturbance, n.

derive,

v

 

 

 

diverse, a.

 

describe, v.

 

 

diversified, a.

design, n .,

v

 

 

divide, v.

 

designer,

n.

 

division,

n.

desire,

v., n.

 

 

dominate, v.

 

desirable,

a.

 

doubt, rr,, v.

 

destroy, v.

 

 

 

dozen, n.

 

detail,

n.

 

 

 

drastic, a.

 

in

detail

 

 

drastically, adv.

determine,

a.

 

 

drive, л., v.

 

develop, v.

 

 

 

driving, a.

development, n.

dynamically, adv.

under development

earth, n.

 

device,

n.

 

 

 

 

devise,

v

 

 

effect, n ., v

 

devote,

v

 

 

 

effective,

a.

differ (from),

v

 

effort(s), n.

 

difference, n.

to exert every effort

different,

a.

 

eliminate, v.

 

dimension, n.

 

 

emerge, v

 

direct,

v., a.

 

 

' emergency, n.

direction,

n.

 

emit, v.

 

directly, a d v .

emphasize, v.

director,

n.

 

emphasis, n.

disappear,

v

 

 

employ, v

 

disappoint,

v.

 

 

enable, v

 

to de disappointed in •

encounter, v.

 

disaster, n.

 

 

 

engage, v.

 

disastrous, a.

 

to be engaged

discourage,

v.

 

in engine, n.

 

discover, v.

 

 

engineering, n.

discovery, n.

 

enjoy, v. (P att. I)

discrepancy, n.

 

enlarge, v.

 

discuss, v.

 

 

 

enterprise, n.

 

discussion, n.

entire, a.

 

under

discussion

entirely,

adv.

distance, n.

 

 

entitle, v.

 

distant, a.

 

enumerate, v

 

distinction,

n.

 

envelope, n.

v

to make distinction

envelop,

328

environment, я. equal, a.

'

equally, adv.

equipment, n.

v

escape (from.),

especially, adv.

 

essence, n.

 

 

essential, a.

 

 

essentially,

a d v.

establish, v.

 

 

establishment, n.

estimate, v

 

 

estimation,

n.

evaluate, v

 

 

evaluation, n.

event, n.

 

evidence, n.

 

 

evident, a.

 

 

evidently, a d v.

exact, a.

 

 

exactly, adv.

examine, v

 

 

examination, n.

 

under examination

exceed, v

 

 

exceedingly,

adv.

 

excess, n.

 

 

excessive, a.

 

except, v., prep.

 

 

exception, n.

excite, v.

 

 

exciting, a.

 

exhaust, v., n.

 

 

exhaustion,

n.

 

exhaustive, a.

existence, n.

 

expand, v.

 

expansion, n. expansive, a.

expect, v. (P a d s 2 0 , 22)

expectation, n. expense, я.

at the expense of expensive, a.

experience, л., v.

experienced experiment, n.

experimental, a. experimenter, я.

explain, v. explanation, «.

explore, v explorer, л., exploration, n.

explosion, n. express, v.

expression, n. extend, v

extension, n. extensive, a. extensively, adv. extent, n.

to (some) extent external, a. extraordinary, a. extreme, a.

extremely, adv.

face, v., n.

in the face of

to face a problem facility, n.

fact, n.

the fact is the fact that

as a matter of fact due to the fact

in fact fail, v

failure, n. fair, a .' faith, a.

faithful, a. far, a.

far and wide far away

by far so far

fascinating, a. fast, a.

fault, л.

 

 

general, a.

favourable, a.

 

in general

figure, n.

 

 

generally, adv.

figure out, v.

 

generally speaking

fill, v

 

 

generalize, v

final, a.

 

 

give, v.

 

 

finally, adv.

 

to give consideration to

fit, v., n., a.

 

to give in

to be fit for

 

to give rise to

fix, v.

 

 

to give way to

fixation, л.

 

to give up

flight, n.

 

 

global, a.

 

focus, n.

 

 

govern, v.

(pi. foci), v

 

to be governed by

follow, v. (P att. I )

 

grade,

л.

 

followed by

 

gradual, a.

as follows

 

gradually, adv.

in the following

graduate (from), v

in what follows

grant, v., n.

it follows

 

for granted

force, л.,

v. (P a tt.

20)

grasp,

v.

 

forecast, n.

 

ground, n.

forefront,

n.

 

grow,

v.

 

foremost,

adv.

 

growth, n.

foresee, v.

 

guess, л.,

v.

foreseeable, a.

 

guide,

я.,

v.

foretell, v.

 

hand,

л.

 

found, v.

 

 

 

foundation, n.

 

on the one hand... on the

founder, n.

 

other hand

fraction, n.

 

handle,

v.

frame, n.

 

 

happen, v. (P att. 2 2)

in the framework of

hard, a ., adv.

freeze, v.

 

 

hardly, adv.

frequent,

a.

 

heat л.,

 

 

frequently, adv.

heavily,

adv.

frontier, n.

 

hence,

 

adv.

fruit, л.

 

 

highly,

adv.

fruitful, a.

 

hope,

л.,

v

fundamental, a.

 

human, a.

fundamentally,

adv.

a human being

further, a ., v., adv.

 

humanities

furthermore, adv.

idea, n.

 

 

future, a .,

tt.

 

 

v

 

 

 

identify,

330