Шахова (можно копировать)
.PDFP a t t e r n |
V o c a b u l a r y L i s t s 6—8 |
P a t t e r n s |
19—20 |
to borrow a technique (data, values); to come into being; to come to one’s mind; to do well with ~ to succeed in; to keep within limits; to lead the world in ideas ~ to be a leader; to leave smth. out of the scope of research (cpnsideration, etc.); to leave problems unsolved; to make distinction ~ to distinguish;
the amount of effort; the rate of knowledge growth; the scope of research; the standard of living.
P a t t e r n |
V o c a b u l a r y ^List 9 |
P a t t e r n s |
21—22 |
to correlate with smth.; to dominate smth.; (to be) disappointed; to establish a method (school, etc.); to follow roles; to graduate (from the university); to guess smth.-; to keep in touch with; to lead to ~ to result in ~ to give rise to; to lose interest in; to occupy oneself with; to overlap (the results overlap); to oversimplify a problem; to provide favourable conditions for; to represent smb. (the scientific community, majority, etc.); to spoil smth.; to stay diversified; to tolerate smth.
P a t t e r n V o c a b u l a r y L i s t 10
Word Study Vocabulary
above all; arbitrarily; to argue, argument; available; by far; closely; concern, to concern, to be concerned with, so far as.. . is concerned; to consider, consideration, considerable, to take into consideration; to extend, extension, extent, extensive, extensively; to expand, expansion, expansive, expansively; to fail, failure; foreseeable future; fruitful; to be in the forefront; to give an opportunity; to be heavily involved; in spite of; to make an effort; to prove, proof; rather than; reason, to reason, reasonable; to stand to reason; to take place; to take over,
UNIT THREE .
Structure Study Vocabulary
P a t t e r n 23
to accomplish smth.; to admit smth. (against one’s will); to appear alien; to arrive at conclusions; to change one’s mind; to continue for years; to cover a distance; to design a spaceship (an apparatus), to be designed for, design of an apparatus; to dismiss an idea; to be engaged in; to enjoy one’s work; to evolve; to exhaust; to feel confident; to
2-(-2365
321
figure out; a generation of stars (of researchers, of computers, etc.); origin, original, to originate; to overcome a problem (difficulty, obstacle, etc.); to reach a level (agreement, destination, etc.); to resemble smth. — to be like smth.; to survive, a survival.
P a t t e r n s 24—26
to approach a problem; to attain speed; to escape from smth.; to grasp a physical law; to judge by analogy; to be justified in; to receive a message; to respond to; to succeed each other (but: to succeed in one’s career); to treat a problem;
alarming (situation, signal, etc.); enormous (distance, power, etc.); imaginative (author, scientist, etc.); inhabited (planet, island, etc.) ~ habitable; unattractive (situation); high intelligence.
P a t t e r n |
V o c a b u l a r y L i s t s |
11—13 |
|
|
Word Study Vocabulary |
|
|
to effect ~ |
to bring about ~ to produce; |
to get away from - |
to |
escape; to keep |
in mind - to bear iu mind |
~ to remember; to |
put |
forward ~ to advance; to treat ~ to handle ~ to deal with;
to compare (with), comparison, comparative, comparable, com parably, in comparison with, as compared with (to); long, for a long time, before long, long before; to mean, meaning, meaningful, mean, means, by means of, by any means, by no means; single, to single out.
|
UNIT FOUR |
|
Structure Study Vocabulary |
P a t t e r n s |
27—32 |
abundant (resourses, information, etc.); adverse (effects, impact, |
|
influence, etc.); |
appreciable (amount, development, research, etc.); |
a challenging problem, a major challenge; a global crisis; injurous |
(effects, consequences, experiments, etc.); an indispensible condition; irreversible (process, change); mutual interaction; substantial (quantity, number, etc.);
to alter climate (equipment, conditions ~ to change radically; to be at the root; to be in balance; to be in running order ~ to operate successfully, to be responsible for; to bring home smth. - to make people realize smth.; to cause an error (a change, difficulties, etc.); to distinguish between; to exceed the amount (the level, the temperature, etc.); to have smth. tn common with; a community of plants; scientific community;
322
to introduce a disturbance (an error, an idea, etc.); to interfere with (~to temper with), interference; to master nature (environment, process, etc.); to present a threat ~ to be dangerous; to pollute the atmosphere, pollution, pollutants; to undergo changes ~ to experience changes; within the framework of - in the context of ~ in terms of.
P a t t e r n V o c a b u l a r y L i s t 14 P a t t e r n s 33—37
adequate theory (information, quantity, measures, etc,); to constitute an advance (science, development, etc.); convincing conclusions (theory, values, etc.); to cope with a difficulty (a problem, a situation, etc.); damage, to do damage, damaging effects; ever-growing population (concern, demand, advances, etc.); evidence, as evidenced; to give impetus to; an inescapable'circumstance (situation); to lack smth.; to lack in smth.; a lack of smth.; mindless actions - unreasonable actions; to preserve nature (environment), preservation of nature; to raise an issue (a problem, a question, etc.); to regulate smth., a self-regulatory process; to treat property ~ to handle properly; underlying concept (theory, assumption, etc.); to upset the balance; wastes (toxic wastes, radioactive wastes, etc.).
P a t t e r n V o c a b u l a r y L i s t s 15—16
Word Study Vocabulary
ample (proof, evidence, information, etc.); to bring about ~ to bring into being; common, common knowledge, common experience, common sense; the entire (philosophy, population, human race, etc.); to fit the theory (the experiment, the curve, the hypothesis, etc.); to get rid of; to keep pace with; to know for certain; to have no doubts about; to measure, a measure of, to take measures — to take action; pattern (intricate, obscure, peculiar); to point to, to point out, to be to the point, to see the point, the main point, at this point; satisfactory (results, explanation, theory, etc.); to sqe to smth.; spectacular (developments, advances, etc.); sufficient (arhount, evidence, information, etc.); subject to, to subject tp consideration (criticism, high temperature, etc.), subject; the whole world, the whole, as a whole.
21
323
COURSE VOCABULARY
Abbreviations
a. —adjective adv. —adverb conj. —cofunction n. —noun
Patt. —Pattern pi. —plural
prep. — preposition v. — verb
abandon, v. able, a.
to be able ability, n.
absence* n. absent, a.
academic, a. accept, v.
generally accepted acceptable, a.
accomplish, v accomplishment, n.
accord, n. accordance, n.
in accordance with prep. according to
accordingly, adv. account, n.
on account of, prep. to take into account
to take account of (P att. 2) to account for (P att. 1)
accumulate, v. accumulation, n.
accuracy, n. accurate, a.
accustom, v.
to be accustomed to achieve, v.
achievement, n. acquaint, v.
acquire, v action, n.
to bring (call) into action active, a.
activity, n. adapt, v.
adaptation, n. add, v.
addition, n.
in addition (to) additional, a.
adequate, a. admit, v.
admittedly, advance, v.
in advance advanced, a.
advantage, n.
to be of advantage
to take advantage of (P att. 2) advantageous, a.
adverse, a.
agree (upon, with), v. (P att. 1) it is generally agreed agreement, n.
to be in agreement with' affect, v. (P att. 1)
aim, n. aim (at), v
to be aimed at alarm, n.
324
alarming, a. alike, a.
all, a.
above all after all not.. .at all
allow (for), v (РаЦ. 1) allowance, n.
to make allowance for (P att. 2) alter, v
alternative, a ., n.. alternatively, adv.
altogether, adv. amount, n.
amount to, v. analyse, v.
analysis, n. (p i analyses) in the last analysis
announce, v. announcement, n.
anticipate, v. appear, v, (P att. 2 2)
appearance, n. apparent, a. apparently, adv.
apply, v applied, a.
application, n. appreciate, v
appreciable, a. approach, v., rt. (P att. 1) arbitrary, a.
arbitrarily, adv. area, n.
arena, n. argue, v
argument, n. arrange, v
arrangement, n. arrive, v
article, n. artificial, a. ascribe to, v. associate, v
associated with
associate, v.
assume, v. (P atts 20, 22)
assumption, n. attain, v
attempt, n.
to make an attempt attempt, v.
attend, v.(P att. 1)
attention, n.
■ to pay attention to
to give attention to audience, available, a.
availability, n. avoid, v. (P att. 8)
background, n.
historical background balance, n.
to be in balance base, v.
to be based on basic, a. basis, rt.
bear, v.
to bear in mind
to have a bearing on (upon)
believe, v. (P a tts 20, 22)
benefit, n ., v.
for the benefit of beneficial, a.
billion, n. bold, a. bond, n. borrow, v. brain, n. branch, n . ' break, v.
break down break out break-through, n.
brief, a. briefly, adv.
brilliant, a. bnng (about), v
bring home
bring into being broad, a.
broadly, adv. broadly speaking
calculate, v. calculation, n.
call, v.
to call for (P att, I) to call attention to
capable, a. саге, и., v.
to take care of (P att. 2) careful, a.
carefully, adv. case, n.
casual, a. cause, л.
cause, v. (P att. 2 0)
'cell, n. century, n.
at the turn of the century certain, a.
for certain
to be certain to make certain certainly, adv. certainty, n.
chain, л. challenge, n ., v.
challenging, a. chance, n.
by chance change, n ., v chapter, n. character, n.
characteristic, n. characteristic of, a.
civilization, n. civilized, a.
close, a. closely, adv.
collaborate, v. collaboration, n.
collect, v
combine, v |
|
combined, a. |
|
combination, n. |
1 |
come, v
to come into being common, a.
to have smth. in common commonly, adv. community, n.
communicate, v communication, n.
compare, v
as compared to (with) comparison, it.
to make comparisons comparable, a. comparatively, adv.
competence, л. complete, a ., v.
completely, adv. completion, n.
complex, a. compose, v.
to be composed of composition, n.
compound, л. concentrate, v. concept, n. concern, л.
to be of concern concern, v.
as far as... is concerned
(in) so far as, . . is concerned to concern oneself with
to be concerned with concerned, a. concerning, prep.
conclude, v conclusion, it.
to draw a conclusion conclusive, a.
condition, n. confide, v
confidence, n. confident, a.
326
confirm, v connect, v.
connection* n. consequence, n.
consequently, adv.
consider, v. (P atts 20, 22)
considerable, a. considerably, adv. consideration, л.
to give consideration to (Patt. 2) to take into consideration under consideration
consist, v consist of consist in
consistent with
. self-consistent constitute, v.
constituent, л., a. construct, v.
construction, n. contain, v.
, content, n. contaminate, v
contaminant, n. contemporary, a. continue, v
continuous, a. contrary, a.
contrary to
on the contrary contrast, л.'
in contrast to (with) as contrasted with by contrast to (with)
contribute to, v. contribution, я.
to make contribution to (Patt. 2) control, v.
controlled, a. control, в.
convert, v. cooperate, v. correlate, v. correspond, v
corresponding, a cost, n.
at any cost at all costs
count (on, upon), V course, n.
during (in) the course of of course
cover, v. create, v.
creature, n. crude, a. cumulative, a. curious, a.
curiosity, n.
to excite curiosity curve, n.
cycle, и., v. cyclic, a. cycling, n.
daily, adv. danger, n.
dangerous, a. data, it. (pi. от datum) deal, л.
a great deal of
deal with, v. (P att. J) decade, n.
decide, v. decision, it.
to make a decision dedicate, v
deduce, v. deduction, it. deductive, a.
defect, it. defective, a.
define, v definite, a. definition, n.
degree, n.
to a certain degree delay, n ., v.
demand, i t , v.
to meet the demand |
distinguish, v |
|
||||
depend on, v. (P an . 1) |
distinguished, a. |
|||||
depending on (upon) |
as distinguished from |
|||||
dependable, |
a. |
distuib, v. |
|
|||
dependence, |
n. |
disturbance, n. |
||||
derive, |
v |
|
|
|
diverse, a. |
|
describe, v. |
|
|
diversified, a. |
|||
design, n ., |
v |
|
|
divide, v. |
|
|
designer, |
n. |
|
division, |
n. |
||
desire, |
v., n. |
|
|
dominate, v. |
|
|
desirable, |
a. |
|
doubt, rr,, v. |
|
||
destroy, v. |
|
|
|
dozen, n. |
|
|
detail, |
n. |
|
|
|
drastic, a. |
|
in |
detail |
|
|
drastically, adv. |
||
determine, |
a. |
|
|
drive, л., v. |
|
|
develop, v. |
|
|
|
driving, a. |
||
development, n. |
dynamically, adv. |
|||||
under development |
earth, n. |
|
||||
device, |
n. |
|
|
|
|
|
devise, |
v |
|
|
effect, n ., v |
|
|
devote, |
v |
|
|
|
effective, |
a. |
differ (from), |
v |
|
effort(s), n. |
|
||
difference, n. |
to exert every effort |
|||||
different, |
a. |
|
eliminate, v. |
|
||
dimension, n. |
|
|
emerge, v |
|
||
direct, |
v., a. |
|
|
' emergency, n. |
||
direction, |
n. |
|
emit, v. |
|
||
directly, a d v . |
emphasize, v. |
|||||
director, |
n. |
|
emphasis, n. |
|||
disappear, |
v |
|
|
employ, v |
|
|
disappoint, |
v. |
|
|
enable, v |
|
|
to de disappointed in • |
encounter, v. |
|
||||
disaster, n. |
|
|
|
engage, v. |
|
|
disastrous, a. |
|
to be engaged |
||||
discourage, |
v. |
|
in engine, n. |
|
||
discover, v. |
|
|
engineering, n. |
|||
discovery, n. |
|
enjoy, v. (P att. I) |
||||
discrepancy, n. |
|
enlarge, v. |
|
|||
discuss, v. |
|
|
|
enterprise, n. |
|
|
discussion, n. |
entire, a. |
|
||||
under |
discussion |
entirely, |
adv. |
|||
distance, n. |
|
|
entitle, v. |
|
||
distant, a. |
|
enumerate, v |
|
|||
distinction, |
n. |
|
envelope, n. |
v |
||
to make distinction |
envelop, |
328
environment, я. equal, a.
' |
equally, adv. |
|
equipment, n. |
v |
|
escape (from.), |
||
especially, adv. |
|
|
essence, n. |
|
|
|
essential, a. |
|
|
essentially, |
a d v. |
establish, v. |
|
|
|
establishment, n. |
|
estimate, v |
|
|
|
estimation, |
n. |
evaluate, v |
|
|
|
evaluation, n. |
|
event, n. |
|
|
evidence, n. |
|
|
|
evident, a. |
|
|
evidently, a d v. |
|
exact, a. |
|
|
|
exactly, adv. |
|
examine, v |
|
|
|
examination, n. |
|
|
under examination |
|
exceed, v |
|
|
|
exceedingly, |
adv. |
|
excess, n. |
|
|
excessive, a. |
|
except, v., prep. |
|
|
|
exception, n. |
|
excite, v. |
|
|
|
exciting, a. |
|
exhaust, v., n. |
|
|
|
exhaustion, |
n. |
|
exhaustive, a. |
|
existence, n. |
|
|
expand, v. |
|
expansion, n. expansive, a.
expect, v. (P a d s 2 0 , 22)
expectation, n. expense, я.
at the expense of expensive, a.
experience, л., v.
experienced experiment, n.
experimental, a. experimenter, я.
explain, v. explanation, «.
explore, v explorer, л., exploration, n.
explosion, n. express, v.
expression, n. extend, v
extension, n. extensive, a. extensively, adv. extent, n.
to (some) extent external, a. extraordinary, a. extreme, a.
extremely, adv.
face, v., n.
in the face of
to face a problem facility, n.
fact, n.
the fact is the fact that
as a matter of fact due to the fact
in fact fail, v
failure, n. fair, a .' faith, a.
faithful, a. far, a.
far and wide far away
by far so far
fascinating, a. fast, a.
fault, л. |
|
|
general, a. |
|||
favourable, a. |
|
in general |
||||
figure, n. |
|
|
generally, adv. |
|||
figure out, v. |
|
generally speaking |
||||
fill, v |
|
|
generalize, v |
|||
final, a. |
|
|
give, v. |
|
|
|
finally, adv. |
|
to give consideration to |
||||
fit, v., n., a. |
|
to give in |
||||
to be fit for |
|
to give rise to |
||||
fix, v. |
|
|
to give way to |
|||
fixation, л. |
|
to give up |
||||
flight, n. |
|
|
global, a. |
|
||
focus, n. |
|
|
govern, v. |
|||
(pi. foci), v |
|
to be governed by |
||||
follow, v. (P att. I ) |
|
grade, |
л. |
|
||
followed by |
|
gradual, a. |
||||
as follows |
|
gradually, adv. |
||||
in the following |
graduate (from), v |
|||||
in what follows |
grant, v., n. |
|||||
it follows |
|
for granted |
||||
force, л., |
v. (P a tt. |
20) |
grasp, |
v. |
|
|
forecast, n. |
|
ground, n. |
||||
forefront, |
n. |
|
grow, |
v. |
|
|
foremost, |
adv. |
|
growth, n. |
|||
foresee, v. |
|
guess, л., |
v. |
|||
foreseeable, a. |
|
guide, |
я., |
v. |
||
foretell, v. |
|
hand, |
л. |
|
||
found, v. |
|
|
|
|||
foundation, n. |
|
on the one hand... on the |
||||
founder, n. |
|
other hand |
||||
fraction, n. |
|
handle, |
v. |
|||
frame, n. |
|
|
happen, v. (P att. 2 2) |
|||
in the framework of |
hard, a ., adv. |
|||||
freeze, v. |
|
|
hardly, adv. |
|||
frequent, |
a. |
|
heat л., |
|
|
|
frequently, adv. |
heavily, |
adv. |
||||
frontier, n. |
|
hence, |
|
adv. |
||
fruit, л. |
|
|
highly, |
adv. |
||
fruitful, a. |
|
hope, |
л., |
v |
||
fundamental, a. |
|
human, a. |
||||
fundamentally, |
adv. |
a human being |
||||
further, a ., v., adv. |
|
humanities |
||||
furthermore, adv. |
idea, n. |
|
|
|||
future, a ., |
tt. |
|
|
v |
||
|
|
|
identify, |
330