4.5 Give English equivalents:

Водные животные и растения, ярко-желтый, качество воды, быстрый рост, норма роста, пищевая цепь, устойчивость к болезням, неместные виды.

4.6 Translate the given Russian words into the English ones:

1. Many cultivated fish species are grown specially for (развлекательное рыбоводство).

2. (Икра) change in color from bright (желтый) to black.

3. The biological selection of (выращиваемые виды) depends on many factors.

4. (Планктоноядные) have short food chain.

5. Economic, social and political criteria play an important role in (выбор видов).

4.7 Match the words with their definitions.

1) fish hatchery	a) Development stage of fish immediately after the larvae stage, at an age of less than a week.
2) game fish	b) one form of a fish farm, managed with the intent of resupplying native wild populations in natural environments.
3) fish farm	c) Fish, such as trout, raised to become replenishment stock for natural sport fisheries
4) fry	d) Locations used to grow populations of aquatic organisms, primarily fish.

4.8 Topics for discussion

1. Speak about the main criteria in choosing a species to cultivate.

2. Speak about the other criteria in species selection.

9. Read the text without a dictionary.

Feeding the world through agriculture

Commercial aquaculturists throughout the world are in business to make a profit. When that profit associated with providing food for other people, the commercial aquaculturist is not generally interested in feeding the hungry, but in providing the best quality product possible and selling it for the highest possible price. In some places subsistence culture which involves the rearing of a modest amount of aquacultured product for consumption by a family, group of families, or a village involved in the enterprise is being practiced.

One or a few small ponds can often produce enough fish, for example, to meet the local animal protein demand perhaps even with enough left over to sell profitably. Subsistence aquaculture depends on availability of water in suitable quantity and quality. Water of that nature is often not available, so the aquaculture option may not exist.

Commercial aquaculture is not, in general, a means of providing inexpensive animal protein to the masses. Aquaculture can create jobs, enhance the overall economy of a region and thereby help to improve the plight of underprivileged peoples. It is not a panacea, however, and should not be looked upon as the means to prosperity for large numbers of those who live in the developing nations of the world.

21. Answer the questions

1. What is the purpose of commercial aquaculturists?

2. What does the subsistence aquaculture depend on?

3. Can aquaculture feed the hungry of people all over the world?

5 Control over reared species