- •Р.А. Юсупова
- •От автора
- •Unit 1 aquaculture Active vocabulary
- •1 Aquaculture
- •1.1 Read the following international words and translate them. (Mind the part of speech).
- •1.2 Give Russian equivalents of the following words and word combinations.
- •1.3 Read and translate the text with the help of a dictionary.
- •1.4 Answer the questions
- •1.6 Translate the given Russian words into the English ones:
- •1.7 Match the words with their definitions.
- •1.8 Read the text without a dictionary. Aquaculture’s beginnings
- •2 Ancient and modern aquaculture
- •2.1 Read the following international words and translate them. (Mind the part of speech).
- •2.2 Give Russian equivalents of the following words and word combinations.
- •2.3 Read and translate the text with the help of a dictionary.
- •2.4 Give English equivalents:
- •Vocabulary
- •4.5 Give English equivalents:
- •4.6 Translate the given Russian words into the English ones:
- •4.7 Match the words with their definitions.
- •4.8 Topics for discussion
- •Feeding the world through agriculture
- •5 Control over reared species
- •5.1 Read the following international words and translate them. (Mind the part of speech).
- •5.2 Give Russian equivalents of the following words and word combinations.
- •5.3 Read and translate the text with the help of a dictionary.
- •5.4 Give English equivalents:
- •5.9 Answer the questions
- •Unit 2 fish culture Active vocabulary
- •6 The big two in fish culture
- •Choose the equivalents:
- •Aquaculture species in the united states
- •1 Rainbow, brown
- •7.4 Give English equivalents:
- •4Bullhead
- •7.13 Render the following verbs with ing-forms into infinitives and translate them:
- •8 Culture systems
- •8.1 Read the following international words and translate them.
- •8.2 Give Russian equivalents of the following words and word combinations.
- •8.3 Read and translate the text with the help of a dictionary.
- •8.4 Give English equivalents:
- •8.5 Match the words with their definitions.
- •8.6 Fill in the gaps using the words given below:
- •8.7 Answer the questions
- •8.8 Read the text without a dictionary. Types of aquaculture opeations
- •Vocabulary
- •8.9 Match the words with their definitions.
- •8.10 Answer the questions
- •Vocabulary
- •Vocabulary
- •10.5 Translate the given Russian words into the English ones:
- •Vocabulary
- •Vocabulary
- •Vocabulary
- •Vocabulary
- •12.5 Answer the questions
- •13 Potential adverse effects
- •13.1 Read and translate the text with the help of a dictionary.
- •Vocabulary
- •13.2 Answer the questions
- •14 Carp Aquaculture
- •Carp as ornamental fish
- •15 Tilapia Fish farming
- •Nutrition
- •Exotic species
- •Uses other than supplying food
- •In aquaria
- •16 Trout Anatomy
- •Habitat
- •As food
- •River fishing
- •17 Salmon Life cycle
- •Species
- •Atlantic Ocean species
- •Pacific Ocean species
- •Salmon fisheries
- •Salmon aquaculture
- •18 Shrimp Farming
- •Marketing
- •Life cycle
- •19 Grass carp
- •Ecology
- •Invasive species
- •Use as weed control
- •Fishing for grass carp
- •Triploid Grass Carp
- •20 Channel catfish
- •21 Pond
- •Technical definitions
- •Formation
- •Characteristics
- •22 Cage
- •Site Criteria
- •Pond Problems
- •Water Quality
- •Temperature
- •Turbidity
- •23 Raceway
- •Site selection
- •Water flow
- •Maximum load
- •Waste water
- •Appendix
- •Proverbs
- •Библиографический список
2 Ancient and modern aquaculture
2.1 Read the following international words and translate them. (Mind the part of speech).
History, carp, antiquity, popular, enthusiasts, associations, religious, cultural, industry, sector, total, percent, proportion, decade, ornamental, aquaria, sport, laboratory, experimentation, industrial, medicinal, populations.
2.2 Give Russian equivalents of the following words and word combinations.
Carp ponds, Japanese garden, teahouse, world demand for fish, rapid expansion, growth sector, fisheries industry, total fish production, diversity of species, food fishes, bait fishes, sport (game) fish, native fish.
2.3 Read and translate the text with the help of a dictionary.
Aquaculture has a long history, but for much of the world it remains somewhat of a novelty, being practiced less than agriculture or capture fisheries.
Although carp ponds are rooted in antiquity, they are still popular today, and enthusiasts worldwide maintain associations devoted to these fish. Shown here are colorful koi, originally bred from the common grass carp, swimming in a pond at a Japanese garden and teahouse. Carp have religious and cultural significance in Asia and other parts of the world.
Yet as the world demand for fish increases, recent advances in growing fish in captivity have led to a rapid expansion of the aquaculture industry.
During the last 30 years of the twentieth century, aquaculture grew at an average annual rate of 10 percent, and emerged as the only growth sector of the fisheries industry. At the beginning of the twenty-first century, aquaculture’s share of total fish production worldwide was 25 percent, and that proportion is projected to increase. Even though the production of fish from capture fisheries has not substantially increased over the past decade (1990s), capture fisheries nevertheless account for a far greater percentage than aquaculture.
Diversity of aquaculture species.
Hundreds of species of finfish, crustacean, mollusks, and plants are used in aquaculture. Most are finfish species, and many of these are grown as food fishes. The most common fresh-water aquaculture species are carp, tilapia, catfish, and trout. Other species are cultivated as bait fish, ornamental fish for water gardens and aquaria, sport (game) fish, laboratory fish for experimentation, industrial and medicinal products, and as native fish to mitigate losses to wild fish populations.
In the United States, catfish and trout, grown as food fishes, are by far the most popular aquaculture species. But other species are also commonly grown for food, including salmon, striped bass, and tilapia. Also, there is a small industry for alligators, frogs, turtles, egg seed stock, and ornamental fishes.
2.4 Give English equivalents:
Прудовое рыбоводство, по всему миру, религиозное и культурное значение, в среднем, доля аквакультуры, десятилетие, тем не менее, пресноводные виды рыб, промышленная и медицинская продукция.
2.5 Match the words of column A and the words of column B
A |
B |
colorful |
ponds |
carp |
species |
Japanese |
koi |
captivity |
aquaculture |
aquaculture |
products |
industrial |
production |
fresh water |
species |
finfish |
fisheries |
fish |
gardens |
2.6 Topics for discussion
Speak about the place of capture fisheries in the whole aquaculture industry
Speak about food species.
Speak about bait species.
3 PURPOSES OF AQUACULTURE
3.1 Read the following international words and translate them. (Mind the part of speech).
Practical, deficit, product, typically, utilizing, populations, sport, industry, control, parasites, mosquito, organisms, tropical, aquarium, ornamental, lilies.
3.2 Give Russian equivalents of the following words and word combinations.
Chief aim, food production, fresh water aquaculture production, water bodies, shallow lakes, saline soils, capture animals, gold fish.
3 .3 Read the following geographic names:
Europe, the United States of America, Asia, Africa, Central and South America.
3.4Read and translate the text with the help of a dictionary.
Aquaculture is practiced for a number of reasons. And the chief aim among them is food production and income generation. Most fresh-water aquaculture production (over 70 percent) comes from low-income, food-deficit countries. Even in the poorest countries, fish farming is seldom solely a subsistence activity. So while farmers may consume some of their product, typically fish are sold, thereby enabling farmers to earn income to purchase other goods and services.
Additional purposes of aquaculture include:
Utilizing land unsuitable for agriculture;
Utilizing inland water bodies such as shallow lakes;
Reclaiming saline soils;
Increasing the supply of highly valued species;
Improving the reliability of fish supplied in the marketplace;
Offsetting losses in the capture fisheries or in native fish populations;
Servicing the sport fishing industry;
Controlling parasites like mosquito and snail larvae that cause diseases such as dengue fever and malaria;
Storing water; and
Earning foreign exchange. (Europe and the United States import aquaculture products from Asia, Africa, and Central and South America.)
Most people think of aquaculture as the production of aquatic animals for human consumption, and many of the aquaculture efforts around the world are being conducted for that purpose. There are, however, other purposes for which aquatic organisms are grown.
Examples include producing minnows for bait, rearing tropical fishes and gold fish for the aquarium trade and producing ornamental aquatic plants (water liles).