Vocabulary

dengue fever

лихорадка денге

5. Give English equivalents:

Низкие доходы, беднейшие страны, товары и услуги, земли, не подходящие для сельского хозяйства, высокоценные виды, местная рыбная популяция, борьба с паразитами, потребление человеком, декоративные водные растения.

3.6 Match the words of column A and the words of column B

A	B
food	countries
fresh water	soils
food deficit	fever
fish	production
water	farming
saline	fisheries
capture	organisms
sport fishing	aquaculture
dengue	bodies
aquatic	industry
tropical	fishes

3.7 Form the infinitives from the particles I and translate them:

Model: Forming – to form

Enabling, utilizing, reclaiming, increasing, improving, offsetting, servicing, controlling, storing, earning, producing, rearing.

3.8 Answer the questions

1. What is the main aim of aquaculture?

2. What are additional purposes of aquaculture?

3. What are the other purposes for which aquatic organisms grown?

4 CRITERIA FOR COMMERCIALLY SUCCESSFUL AQUACULTURE

0. 4.1 Read the following international words and translate them. (Mind the part of speech).

1. Culture, methods, strategy, million, incubating, cylinders, biological, selection, factors, adaptation, biotechnological, critical, local, export, business, economic, social, political.

2. 4.2 Give Russian equivalents of the following words and word combinations.

Fish culture, recreational fishing, fish species, fresh water hatchery, state/s stocking strategy, incubating cylinders, biological selection, feed-to-flesh, local and export markets, species selection.

4.3 Read the following Latin words in singular and plural.

Criterion – criteria

aquarium – aquaria

bacterium – bacteria

4.4 Read and translate the text with the help of a dictionary.

The twentieth century witnessed the science of fish culture unveiling many new methods for growing aquatic animals and plants.

Although hatcheries serve a wide range of purposes, many cultivate fish species are grown to supplement recreational fishing. This freshwater hatchery in Indiana supports the state’s stocking strategy, and annually cultivates about 30 million walleye eggs. Eggs change in color from bright yellow to black as the fry develop and hatch inside incubating cylinders.

Reproduction of desired species, feed formulation, and water quality management have helped to generate the rapid growth of aquaculture. The biological selection of culture species depends on many factors. A few criteria that must be considered in choosing a species to cultivate include the following characteristics of a species:

• Growth rate;

• Place in the food chain;

• Climate and environmental adaptations;

• Disease resistance;

• Breeding characteristics;

• Compatibility with other fish species in cultivation; and

• Conversion efficiency (feed-to-flesh).

For example, aquaculturists prefer fast-growing planktivores because of their short food chain.

Interestingly, biotechnological selection criteria are not always the most critical; for example, growing fish unsuitable for local or export markets can readily drive a farmer out of business. Thus, consumer preference, market conditions, regulations against nonnative species, and other economic, social, and political criteria play an important role in species selection.