Terekhova_E_Dvustoronniy_perevod_obshchestvenn

political party, etc. — Syn. advertiser. 3) a person who makes a pledge or promise on behalf of another. 4) a person who answers for an infant at baptism, making the required professions and assuming responsibility for the child’s religious upbringing; godfather or godmother.

stalk verb 1) to follow a person or animal quietly in order to catch or kill them: a tiger stalking its prey | We know the rapist stalks his victims at night. 2) (always + adv/prep) to walk in a proud or angry way, with long steps [+out/off/away]: Yvonne turned and stalked out of the room in disgust.

state-owned being property of a state; or with a state or Government as a major stakeholder.

stipulate verb 1) to arrange expressly or specify in terms of agree ment: to stipulate a price. 2) to require as an essential condition in making an agreement: Total disarmament was stipulated in the peace treaty. — Syn.1, 2 specify, designate, indicate, cite. 3) to promise, in making an agreement.

storeroom/warehouse noun a building, or a part of one, for the storage of goods, merchandise, etc.

streamline noun a teardrop line of contour offering the least possible resistance to a current of air, water, etc. to streamline verb 1) to make streamlined. 2) to alter in order to make more efficient or simple.

strenuous adjective 1) characterized by vigorous exertion, as action, efforts, life, etc.: a strenuous afternoon of hunting. 2) demanding or requiring vigorous exertion; laborious: To think deeply is a strenuous task. — Ant. easy. 3) vigorous, energetic, or zealously active: a strenuous person; a strenuous intellect. — Syn. forceful, active.

Usage note

ACTIVE, ENERGETIC, STRENUOUS, VIGOROUS imply a liveli ness and briskness in accomplishing something. ACTIVE suggests quickness and diligence as opposed to laziness or dilatory methods: an active and useful person. ENERGETIC suggests forceful and intense, sometimes nervous, activity: conducting an energetic campaign. STREN UOUS implies arduous and zealous activity with a sense of urgency: a strenuous effort. VIGOROUS suggests strong, effective activity: using vigorous measures to accomplish an end.

310

stretch verb 1) to extend, force, or make serve beyond the normal or proper limits; strain: to stretch the imagination; to stretch the facts; to stretch food to feed extra guests; to stretch money to keep within a budget. 2) to extend or strain (oneself) to the utmost, as by intense exertion; tax. 3) to increase the quantity of (a bever age, food, paint, etc.) by dilution or admixing: They caught the bartender stretching the gin with water. 4) to prolong or slow down (action or pace) in order not to end too early: to stretch a show; to stretch the action two minutes.

strip (of land) noun a narrow piece, comparatively long and usually of uniform width: a strip of cloth, metal, land, etc.

summit noun 1) the highest state or degree. 2) the highest level of diplomatic or other governmental officials: a meeting at the summit. summit meeting 1) a meeting or conference of heads of state, esp. to conduct diplomatic negotiations and ease inter national tensions. 2) any meeting or conference of top level officials, executives, etc. Also called summit, summit conference.

surfer noun a person who surfs. to surf through the Internet also to surf the Internet to look quickly through information on the computer internet for anything that interests you: surfing the net with a high-speed modem.

surreal adjective having the disorienting, hallucinatory quality of a dream; unreal; fantastic: surreal complexities of the bureaucracy. sustain damage/ injuries/ losses verb to undergo, experience, or suf fer (injury, loss, etc.) ; endure without giving way or yielding. —

Syn. bear.

sustainable development stable and ongoing development. switchback noun a highway, as in a mountainous area, having many

hairpin curves. switchback verb (of a road, railroad track, etc.) to progress through a series of hairpin curves; zigzag: The road switchbacks up the mountain.

take a hike Slang. to go away because one’s company is not desired. take one’s time to be slow or leisurely; dawdle: Speed was important here, but he just took his time take sides. take sides to give one’s support to one person or group in a dispute; be partial to one

311

side: We were careful not to take sides for fear of getting personally involved.

take refuge in sth to look for or find safety somewhere: During the frequent air-raids people take refuge in their cellars.

take sth. into account to consider or include particular facts or details when making a decision or judgment about something:

These figures do not take account of changes in the rate of inflation.

teem with phrasal verb (not in passive) to be full of people, animals etc: be teeming with: Times Square was teeming with theatergoers.

terrain noun a tract of land, esp. as considered with reference to its natural features, military advantages, etc.

The Netherlands noun a kingdom in W Europe, bordering on the North Sea, Germany, and Belgium. 14,208,600; 13,433 sq. mi. (34,790 sq. km). Capitals: Amsterdam and The Hague. Also called Holland. Dutch, Nederland.

to poll verb 1) to take a sampling of the attitudes or opinions of. 2) to receive at the polls (polls=the place where votes are taken), as votes. 3) to enroll (someone) in a list or register, as for purposes of taxing or voting. 4) to take or register the votes of (persons). 5) to deposit or cast at the polls, as a vote. 6) to bring to the polls, as voters.

timber noun the wood of growing trees suitable for structural uses. topple verb 1) to fall forward, as from having too heavy a top; pitch;

tumble down. 2) to overthrow, as from a position of authority: to topple the king. — Syn. defeat, vanquish, overcome, overpower. trail noun a path or track made across a wild region, over rough country, or the like, by the passage of people or animals. trailblazer noun 1) a person who blazes a trail for others to follow through unsettled country or wilderness; pathfinder. 2) a pio neer in any field of endeavor: a trailblazer in science. Also called

trail-breaker.

trailhead the point where a trail starts.

transition to verb movement, passage, or change from one position, state, stage, subject, concept, etc., to another; change: the tran-

312

sition from adolescence to adulthood. — Syn. changeover, pass ing, conversion.

turmoil noun a state of great commotion, confusion, or disturbance; tumult; agitation; disquiet: mental turmoil caused by difficult decisions. — Syn. turbulence, disorder, uproar, agitation. — Ant. order, quiet.

Usage note

AGITATION, DISTURBANCE, EXCITEMENT, TURMOIL imply inner unrest, uneasiness, or apprehension. AGITATION implies a shak en state of emotions, usually perceptible in the face or movements: With evident agitation she opened the telegram. DISTURBANCE implies an inner disquiet caused by worry, indecision, apprehension, or the like:

Long-continued mental disturbance is a cause of illness. EXCITEMENT implies a highly emotional state caused by either agreeable or distressing circumstances: excitement over a proposed trip, unexpected good news, a fire. TURMOIL suggests such a struggle or conflict of emotions that one is unable to think consecutively: Her thoughts were in a hopeless turmoil.

turn one’s back on to refuse to be involved with something: So many of them just turn their backs on their religion when they leave home.

under way (under discussion, under review, etc.) in the state or process of: under repair; a matter under consideration.

undertake the changes to take upon oneself, as a task, changing the situation.

undetected not discovered or noticed.

unitary adjective Govt. of or pertaining to a system of government in which the executive, legislative, and judicial powers of each state in a body of states are vested in a central authority.

unthinkable adjective 1) inconceivable; unimaginable: the unthinkable size of the universe. 2) not to be considered; out of the ques tion: Such a suggestion is unthinkable.

upheaval noun strong or violent change or disturbance, as in a soci ety: the upheaval of war.

urban (buildings, construction) of, pertaining to, or designating a city or town.

313

vest verb to place or settle (something, esp. property, rights, powers, etc.) in the possession or control of someone (usually fol. by in): to vest authority in a new official. vested interest if you have a vested interest in something happening, you have a strong rea son for wanting it to happen because you will get an advantage from it: The tobacco companies have a vested interest in claiming that smoking isn’t harmful. vested interests pl. the groups of peo ple who have a vested interest in something: The new reforms were opposed by both vested interests and welfare groups.

violation of (health rules, codes, norms, agreements, etc.) a breach, infringement, or transgression of.

Usage note

BREACH, INFRACTION, VIOLATION, TRANSGRESSION all denote in some way the breaking of a rule or law or the upsetting of a normal and desired state. BREACH is used infrequently in reference to laws or rules, more often in connection with desirable conditions or states of affairs: a breach of the peace, of good manners, of courtesy. INFRACTION most often refers to clearly formulated rules or laws: an infraction of the criminal code, of university regulations, of a labor contract. VIOLATION, a stronger term than either of the preceding two, often suggests intentional, even forceful or aggressive, refusal to obey the law or to respect the rights of others: repeated violations of parking regulations; a human rights violation. TRANSGRESSION, with its root sense of “a stepping across (of a boundary of some sort),” applies to any behavior that exceeds the limits imposed by a law, especially a moral law, a commandment, or an order; it often implies sinful behavior: a serious transgression of social customs, of God’s commandments.

vote for to support by ones vote.

wade through phrasal verb to make one’s way slowly or laboriously:

Look at this pile of paperwork I have to wade through!

wander verb 1) to ramble without a definite purpose or objective; roam, rove, or stray: to wander over the earth. 2) to extend in an irregular course or direction: Foothills wandered off to the south.

3) (of the mind, thoughts, desires, etc.) to take one direction or another without conscious intent or control: His attention wandered as the speaker droned on. 4) to stray from a path, place,

314

ÁИБЛИОГРАФИЯ

1.Алексеева И.С. Профессиональный тренинг переводчика: Учебное пособие по устному и письменному переводу для перевод чиков и преподавателей. СПб., 2003.

2.Арутюнова Н.Д., Журинский М.А. (Ред.) Теория метафоры. М.: Прогресс, 1990.

3.Бархударов Л.С. Язык и перевод. М.: Международные отноше ния, 1975.

4.Борисова Л.В. Практическое пособие по интерпретации текс та. Минск: Высшая школа, 1987.

5.Борисова Л.И. Ложные друзья переводчика. Общенаучная лек сика. Английский язык. М., 2002.

6.Вейзе А.А. Чтение, реферирование и аннотирование иност ранного текста. М.: Высшая школа, 1985.

7.Виссон Линн. Практикум по синхронному переводу с русского на английский. М., 2002.

8.Гальперин И.Р. Текст как объект лингвистического исследова ния. М.: Наука, 1981.

9.Казакова Т.А. Практические основы перевода. СПб., 2001.

10.Катцер Ю., Кунин А. Письменный перевод с русского языка на английский (Практический курс). М., 1964.

11.Комиссаров В.Н. Лингвистическое переводоведение в Рос сии. М.: ЭТС, 2000.

12.Куропаткин Я.Б. Читайте английские научные тексты. М.: Высшая школа. 1992.

13.Кожина М.Н. Стилистика русского языка. М.: Просвещение,

1983.

14.Ланчиков В., Чужакин А. Мир перевода 6. Трудности перево да в примерах. М.: ВАЛЕНТ, 2001.

15.Миньяр-Белоручева А.П., Миньяр-Белоручев К.В. Английский язык: Учебник устного перевода. М.: Экзамен, 2003.

16.Попович Антон. Проблемы художественного перевода. М.: Высшая школа, 1980.

17.Прошина З.Г. Передача китайских, корейских и японских слов при переводе с английского языка на русский и с русского язы ка на английский: Теория и практика опосредованного перевода. М.: Восток — Запад, 2005.

316

18.Прошина З.Г. Теория перевода (с английского на русский и с русского на английский язык). Владивосток: ДВГУ, 1999.

19.Пумпянский А.Л. Введение в практику перевода научной тех нической литературы на английском языке. М.: Наука, 1982.

20.Разинкина Н.М. Развитие языка английской научной литера туры. М.: Наука, 1978.

21.Рецкер Я.И. Пособие по переводу с английского языка на русский. Л.: Просвещение, 1973.

22.Рецкер Я.Р. Теория перевода и переводная практика. М.: Высшая школа, 1974.

23.Розенталь Д.Э. А как лучше сказать? М.: Просвещение, 1988.

24.Судовцев В.А., Богданова Г.В. Учитесь читать литературу по специальности. М.: Высшая школа, 1993.

25.Федоров А.В. Основы общей теории перевода. М.: Высшая школа, 1983.

26.Фирсов О.А. Перевод с английского языка на русский и его комментарий. М., 2003.

27.Формановская Н.И. Речевой этикет и культура общения. М.: Высшая школа, 1989.

28.Ханеева И.И. Основы теории обучения пониманию иност ранной речи. М.: Высшая школа, 1989.

29.Черняховская Л.А. Перевод и смысловая структура. М.: Меж дународные отношения, 1976.

30.Чужакин А. Общая теория перевода и переводческой скоро писи. Курс лекций. М.: ВАЛЕНТ, 2002.

31.Шалыпина С.Р. Чтение и составление контрактов на англий ском языке. М.: Высшая школа, 1991.

32.Швейцер А.Д. Теория перевода, статус, проблемы, аспекты. М.: Наука, 1988.

33.Baker Mona. In Other Words. A Course Book on Translation. Routledge, 2002.

34.Bassnet Susan. Translation Studies. Revised Edition. Routledge,

2000.

35.Brazil David. The Communicative Value of Intonation in English. Cambridge Univ. Press, 1997.

36.Dictionary: The New Webster’s Library of Practical Information. TESAURUS. 1987.

37.Gile Daniel, V. Dam Helle, Dubslaff, Friedel, Martinsen, Bodil and Schjoldager, Anne (eds.): Getting Started in Interpreting Research. John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2001.

317