Прошедшее совершенное время (The Past Perfect Tense)

Прошедшее завершенное время образуется при помощи вспомогательного глагола to have в прошедшем времени (had) и третьей формы смыслового глагола. В вопросительном предложении вспомогательный глагол ставится перед подлежащим. В отрицательном предложении после вспомогательного глагола ставится отрицание not.

Вспомогательный глагол в данных конструкциях на русский язык не переводится.

Утвердительная форма	Вопросительная форма	Отрицательная форма
I had worked You had worked He had worked She had worked We had worked You had worked They had worked	Had I worked? Had you worked? Had he worked? Had she worked? Had we worked? Had you worked? Had they worked?	I had not worked You had not worked He had not worked She had not worked We had not worked You had not worked They had not worked

Распознавательные элементы Past Perfect:

Действие свершилось к определенному моменту в прошлом. Этот момент передается обстоятельствами времени: by that time (к тому моменту), by 2 o’clock (к 2 часам), by the end of the year (к концу года).

Например: I had written the letter by 2 o’clock. Я написал письмо к 2 часам.

Употребляется также в тех случаях, когда мы хотим подчеркнуть предшествование одного действия другому. Например: He said that he had left his key at home. Он сказал, что оставил ключ дома.

УПРАЖНЕНИЯ

Exercise 1. Вы вернулись в родной город, в котором не были много лет, и обнаружили, что многое изменилось. Закончите предложения, используя данные в скобках глаголы.

Образец: Most of my friends were no longer there. They had left (leave).

1. My best friend, Kevin, was no longer there. He _______ (go) away. 2. The local cinema was no longer open. It ______ (close) down. 3. Mr. Johnson was no longer alive. He ________ (die). 4. I didn't recognise Mrs. Johnson. She ________ (change) a lot. 5. Bill no longer had his car. He (sell) ______ it.

Exercise 2. Составьте предложения, используя данные слова.

Образец: I wasn't hungry. (I / just / have / lunch) - I had just had lunch.

1. Tom wasn't at home when I arrived, (he / just / go / out) ______________ . 2. We arrived at the cinema late. (the film / already / begin) _____________ . 3. They weren't eating when I went to see them, (they/just/finish/their dinner) _______ . 4. I invited Ann to dinner last night but she couldn't come, (she / already/arrange/to do something else) _______ . 5. I was very pleased to see Nora again after such a long time. (I / not / see /her for five years) ________ .

Exercise 3. Раскроите скобки, употребите Past Perfect (I had done) или Past Simple (I did).

Образец: 'Was Tom there when you arrived?' - 'No, he had gone (go) home.

'Was Tom there when you arrived?' - 'Yes, but he went (go) home soon afterwards.'

1. The house was very quiet when I got home. Everybody _______ (go) to bed. 2. I felt very tired when I got home, so I _______ (go) straight to bed. 3. Sorry I'm late. The car _______ (break) down on my way here. 4. There was a car by the side of the road. It _______ (break) down and the driver was trying to repair it. So we _______ (stop) to see if we could help.

Exercise 4. Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Past Perfect.

1. Jill was afraid she _______ (forget) her key at home, but she found it in her handbag. 2. Dad wasn't at home when I came back. He _______ (go) out twenty minutes before. 3. I wasn't hungry because I _______ (just/have) breakfast. 4. Peter saw an urgent message on his table. Somebody _______ (leave) it the day before. 5 I apologized I _______ (not / phone) her. 6. He told me that he _______ (come back) a fortnight before. 7. I knew him at once though I ______ (meet) him many years before. 8. We spent the night in Klin, a town we (often/hear of) but (never/see). 9. They couldn't believe he _______ (give up) his job in the bank. He _______ (make) a good living there. 10. Mr. Jackson said that he _______ (already / buy) everything for lunch.