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XXIII. Which aphorism reflects the idea of the story best of all (if any)? Justify your point of view. Translate them into Russian:

  1. Liberty is a different kind of pain from prison.

  2. All parents damage their children. It cannot be helped. Youth, like pristine glass, absorbs the prints of its handlers. Some parents smudge, others crack, a few shatter childhoods completely into jagged little pieces, beyond repair.

  3. Children begin by loving their parents; as they grow older they judge them; sometimes they forgive them.

  4. The first part of our lives is spoilt by our parents, the second one by our children.

  5. Unable are the loved to die. For love is immortality.

XXIV. Suggest a picture to illustrate the story. Do not draw the picture but say in 25-30 words what should be in it. Appendix 1

Summary

A summary is a clear concise orderly retelling of the contents of a passage or a text and is usually about 1/3 or 1/4 as long as the original.The first and most important step in making a summary is reading the passage thoroughly. After it

write out clearly in your own words the main points of the selection. Subordinate or eliminate minor points.

Retain the paragraphing of the original unless the summary is extremely short. Preserve the proportion of the original.

Change direct narration to indirect whenever it is possible, use words instead of word combinations and word combinations instead of sentences.

Do not introduce any extra material by way of opinion, interpretation or appreciation.

Read the selection again and criticize and revise your words.

The following phrases may be helpful:

At the beginning of the story (in the beginning) the author describes (depicts, dwells on, touches upon, explains, introduces, mentions, recalls, characterizes, criticizes, analyses, comments on, enumerates, points out, generalizes, makes a few critical remarks, reveals, exposes, accuses, blames, condemns, mocks at, ridicules, praises, sympathizes with, gives a summary of, gives his account of, makes an excursus into, digresses from the subject to describe the scenery, etc.)

The story (the author) begins with a/the description of, the mention of, the analysis of, a/the comment on, a review of, an account of, a summary of, the characterization of, his opinion of, his recollection of, the enumeration of, the criticism of, some/a few critical remarks about, the accusation of, the/his praises of, the ridicule of, the generalization of, an excursus into…

The story opens with …

The scene is laid in …

The opening scene shows …

We first meet her as a girl of 15…

Then (after that, further, further on, next) the author passes on to … (goes on to say that …, gives a detailed description (analysis, etc.), digresses from the subject, etc.)

In conclusion the author describes …

The author concludes with …

The story ends with …

To finish with the author describes …

At the end of the story the author draws the conclusion that … (comes to the conclusion that …)

At the end of the story the author sums it all up (by saying …)

The concluding words are …

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