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Учебное пособие I приборы.rtf
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1. Write questions from these words. Use is or are and put the words in order.

1 (working / Paul / today?) Is Paul working today?

2 (what / doing / the children?) What are the children doin?

3 (you / listening / to me?)............................................................

4 (where / going / your friends?)...................................................

5 (your parents / television / watching?).......................................

6 (what / cooking / Ann?)..............................................................

7 (why / you / looking / at me?)....................................................

  1. (coming / the bus?)....................................................................

2. Write questions from these words. Use is or are and put the words in order.

1 (working / Paul / today?) Is Paul working today?

2 (what / doing / the children?) What are the children doing?

3 (you / listening / to me?)............................................................

4 (where / going / your friends?)...................................................

5 (your parents / television / watching?).......................................

6 (what / cooking / Ann?)..............................................................

7 (why / you / looking / at me?)....................................................

  1. (coming / the bus?)....................................................................

3. Complete the questions. Use was/were -ing. Use what/where/why if necessary.

1 (you/live) .Where were you living in 1990? In London.

2 (you/do)....................................at 2 o'clock? I was asleep.

3 (it/rain)............................. when you got up? No, it was sunny.

4 (Ann/drive) ......................................so fast? Because she was in a hurry.

5 (Tim/wear)..........................a suit yesterday? No, a T-shirt and jeans.

4. Put the verb into the past continuous or past simple.

1 A: What were you doing (you/do) when the phone rang (ring)?

B: I was watching (watch) television.

2 A: Was Jane busy when you went to see her?

B: Yes, she..........................................................(study).

3 A: What time.......................................(the post / arrive) this morning?

B: It...................(come) while I...................................(have) breakfast.

4 A: Was Margaret at work today?

B: No, she..................................................(not/go) to work. She was ill.

5 A: How fast .........................(you/drive) when the police.......................(stop) you?

B: I don't know exactly but I ...................................................(not/drive) very fast.

6 A: ............................................... (your team / win) the football match yesterday?

B: No, the weather was very bad, so we................................................. (not/play).

7 A: How............................................................. (you/break) the window?

B: ....................................(play) football. I.........................................

(kick) the ball and it.............................................. (hit) the window.

8 A: ............................................................(you/see) Jenny last night?

B: Yes, she ................................................ (wear) a very nice jacket.

9 A: What ........................................(you/do) at 2 o'clock this morning?

B: I was asleep.

10 A: I ..................................................... (lose) my key last night.

B: How................................................(you/get) into your room?

A: I ................................................(climb) in through a window.

Words to Be Learnt

available a — имеющийся

considerable a — значительный

copper n — медь

desirable a — нужный

difficult a — трудный

either... or …—либо..., либо

enormously — чрезвычайно

enough a — достаточный

estimate v — оценивать

exception n — исключение

expensive a — дорогостоящий

fibre n — фибра, волокно

fine a — тонкий

gold n — золото

iron л — железо

melt v — таять

mention v — упоминать

need v — нуждаться

quantity n — количество

remain v — оставаться

resistant a — устойчивый

sheet n — лист

silver n — серебро

strengthen v — усиливать, укреплять

suitable a — пригодный

thin a — тонкий

tough a — прочный, жесткий

vary v — изменять(ся)

wire n — проволока

to meet requirements — удовлетворять требованиям

Read and translate

BETTER METALS ARE VITAL TO TECHNOLOGICAL PROGRESS

Since the earliest days the preparation of metals for mechanical use was vital to the advance of civilization.

Gold, silver and copper were the first to be used by a primitive man, as they were found free in nature. Today we know more than sixty-five metals available in large enough quantities to be used in industry.

Metals are mostly solids at ordinary temperatures and possess com­paratively high melting points with the exception of mercury. They are for the most part1 good conductors of heat and electricity, and silver is the best in this respect2 They can be drawn into fine wires and hammered into thin sheets.

As to3 their chemical properties the first point to be mentioned is that they vary widely in degree of chemical activity: some are enor­mously active and others are inert. The Earth contains a large number of metals useful to man. Of all metals to be utilized in industry iron re­mains by far4 the most important. Modem industry needs considerable quantities of this metal either hi the form of iron or steel.

To get the desirable characteristics in metals or to improve them the art to mix metals and other substances began to develop. The first alloys that were formed in this way were sometimes stronger, tougher, harder and more elastic than the metals of which they were composed. To estimate nowadays how many alloys there exist in the modem world is difficult because their numbers increase daily.

To serve special uses modem metals and alloys must be lighter yet stronger, more corrosion-resistant, more suitable for automated fabrication yet less expensive than those available before.

Scientists are developing new processes and improving old ones in order to produce metals and alloys that will meet the present-day re­quirements. One of the most interesting purposes is, for instance5 to make metals stronger, in other words, to strengthen them by reinforcing them with fibres.

Today transportation, communication, farming, construction and manu­facturing all depend on the availability of suitable metals and alloys.

Notes on the Text

1. for the most part — большей частью

2. in this respect — в этом отношении

3. as to — что касается

4. by far — несомненно

5. for instance — например