- •Lesson 1
- •I get up at seven every day except Sunday.
- •1. Complete the sentences. Use these verbs:
- •2. Write sentences from these words. Put the verb in the right form
- •5. Write sentences about the past (yesterday / last week etc.).
- •6. Put the verb in the correct form - positive, negative or question.
- •7. Put in will ('II) or won't.
- •8. Make the sentences negative and ask the questions:
- •Electronics in the home
- •1. Choose the verbs in Present Tense
- •2. Choose the verbs in Past Tense
- •3. Choose the verbs in Future Tense
- •4. Translate the definitions.
- •Оборот There is/ are
- •1. Translate international words
- •2. Translate
- •Triodes
- •1. Translate:
- •2. Find English equivalents:
- •Lesson 2
- •1. Write questions from these words. Use is or are and put the words in order.
- •2. Write questions from these words. Use is or are and put the words in order.
- •4. Put the verb into the past continuous or past simple.
- •1. Answer the questions:
- •Lesson 3 многофункциональные слова it, one(ones), that(those) функции и перевод слова one (ones)
- •2) Указательное (подлежащее).
- •3) Безличное (подлежащее).
- •4) Усилительное (для выделения отдельных членов предложения).
- •2. Write questions with How far . . . ?
- •3. Complete the sentences. Choose from the boxes.
- •4. A asks b some questions. Use the information in the box to write b's answers. Use one (not 'a/an...') in the answers.
- •6. Use the information to complete these conversations. Use one/ones.
- •8.Translate:
- •9. Translate:
- •2.Translate the following international words
- •The Simplest Atom
- •2. Define the parts of speech:
- •4. Translate:
- •5. Translate:
- •Lesson 4 времена группы perfect active и passive
- •Времена группы perfect continuous
- •The Present Perfect Continuous Tense
- •The Past Perfect Continuous Tense
- •The Future Perfect Continuous Tense
- •1. Read the situations and complete the sentences.
- •2. Read the situations and write sentences ending with before. Use the verb given in brackets.
- •3. Read the situations and make sentences from the words in brackets.
- •4. Put the verb into the correct form, will be (do)ing or will have (done).
- •5. Complete the sentences with a verb from the list.
- •7. Write questions with yet.
- •8. You are asking Helen questions beginning Have you ewer... ? Write the questions.
- •9. Put in gone or been.
- •10. Make questions with How long ... ?
- •11. Complete the sentences with for or since.
- •12. Use the words in brackets (...) to answer the questions.
- •13. Right or wrong? Correct the verbs that are wrong. (The verbs are underlined.)
- •3. Read and translate nouns and adjectives.
- •4.Define the parts of speech:
- •Lesson 5
- •Модальные глаголы и их эквиваленты
- •Эквиваленты модальных глаголов.
- •Compounds and elements
- •1. Переведите предложения на русский язык, обращая внимание на различные способы выражения долженствования:
- •2. Переведите предложения, обращая особое внимание на значения слова one:
- •3. Выберите перевод выделенных модальных глаголов из данных ниже:
- •4. Замените эквивалент соответствующим модальным глаголом из данных ниже:
- •5.Translate
- •6.Fill in the gaps
- •7. Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на различные значения глаголов to be и to have.
- •8. Read and translate:
- •9. . Read and translate the adverbs:
- •Lesson 6 Страдательный залог
- •Особенности перевода подлежащего.
- •The Passive Voice (пассивный залог)
- •1. Write questions using the passive. Some are present and some are past.
- •2. Write sentences from the words in brackets (...). Sentences 1-7 are present.
- •3. Correct these sentences.
- •4. Complete the sentences. Use the passive (present or past) of these verbs:
- •5. Use the words in brackets (...) to complete the sentences.
- •London's underground
- •1.Agree or disagree using That's right ..., or That's wrong ... .
- •2. Find in the text Passive constructions.
- •Revision Exercises
- •II. Степени сравнения прилагательных
- •VI. Времена группы Perfect Active и Passive
- •VII. Согласование времен
- •Grammar Tables
- •Грамматический справочник в таблицах
- •Имя существительное (The Noun)
- •Образование множественного числа
- •Существительные, имеющие разные значения в форме ед. И мн. Числа
- •Артикль (The Article)
- •Имя прилагательное (The Adjective)
- •Образование степеней сравнения
- •Местоимение (The Pronoun)
- •Наиболее употребительные предлоги Предлоги, обозначающие движение
- •Предлоги, обозначающие место
- •Предлоги, обозначающие время
- •Словообразование (Word Formation) Суффиксы
- •Приставки
- •Названия некоторых стран, национальностей и языков
- •Appendix 2
- •Synonyms
- •Opposites
- •Derivatives
- •Supplementary Reading
- •Tomorrow's transport
- •From dictionaries of electronics
- •In retro style
Synonyms
To get – to obtain, to reach, to gain
To occur – to happen, to take place
Flow – stream
To apply – to use, to utilize, to consume
Substance – matter
Device – instrument, appliance, gadget
Big – huge, enormous, great
Quick – rapid
Different -- variable
To start – to begin
Opposites
To increase – to decrease
To attract – to repel
To heat – to cool
Inner – outer
Constant – variable
Similar -- different
To start – to finish, to terminate, to end, to complete
Derivatives
To operate – operator, operation, operative
To insulate – insulator, insulation
To produce – producer, production, product, productive, productivity
Science – scientific, scientist
To conduct – conduction, conductor, conductivity, superconductivity, semiconductor
To develop – development
Direct – direction, directly
Power – powerful
Supplementary Reading
CONTROL SYSTEM
Computers have revolutionized manufacturing. They have given manufacturing engineers control over events in the factory. With this information, processes can be reorganized for maximum efficiency and production steps can be rearranged for maximum cost savings. You can know what is occurring on the floor now.
Because of computers tasks are done more quickly and accurately. It enables engineers to make changes or corrections that will utilize equipment and people optimally.
An important quality of computers is that they are flexible. Change the program and you have a "new computer".
Software. Computers cannot run without software; that is, without some instructions on what to do. Software controls the flow of information in a computer system. The software makes a computer la specific device — a calculator, a designer, a programmer, a cost estimator, an expert.
Simulation software is another type of software which is now becoming quite popular. This type of software lets you see your proposed factory layout at work "on paper".
Simulation software helps in the design and development of automated work cells, manufacturing systems and factories such as FMS.
An FMS without software is not flexible, has little use in manufacturing and is not even a system.
The main problems that FMS software should solve are as follows:
Keep track1 of the materials being manufactured, determine the exact physical location in the system and perform the correct sequence of operations.
Prevent the different operations from interfering with2 each other.
Determine error conditions and minimize their impact on the system.
Keep management informed on parts, production, part programming, system status.
Determine the best production schedule to meet due data and maximize machine utilization.
Forecast system needs at due time — fixtures, tools, lubricants and coolants.
Direct in real-time the operations of people in charge of3 the above facilities. Compare actual and forecast performances.
Inform the plant management with the required data from FMS, for production planning and control, accounting and reporting.
Thus, the FMS control system manages the total combination of devices in the system that contributes to the automatic operation of the production process. This includes the machine-tool controllers, the material handling system, the system monitoring devices, the system communications, and finally the system computer. Computer software supplies all the control management and monitoring functions that enable the system to achieve high utilization.
The control system is easily visualized4 by considering all the elements of the system in a structured arrangement according to its function. This structure and how each function of the structure relates to the overall system performance will be discussed later.
Пояснения к тексту
1. keep track (of)...—следить за (ходом, развитием чего-л.)
2. interfere with...—мешать, служить препятствием
3. people in charge of smth...—ответственные за что-л.
4. visualize—мысленно представлять себе
. 1.Найдите в тексте английские эквиваленты следующих русских слов и сочетаний слов;
происходить (иметь место); программное обеспечение; моделирование; решать проблему; выполнять правильную последовательность операций; график основного производственного процесса; в свое время (своевременно); требуемые данные; отчетность; способствовать автоматизации производственного процесса; автоматизированная транспортная система; функции управления и контроля
2. Дополните следующие предложения фактами из текста:
1. It is necessary to say that one of the important features of computers is that.... 2. The significance of simulation software is that.... 3. As is known FMS software should solve a lot of problems, for example.... 4. Summing it up, one must say that the FMS control system.... 5. The task of FMS computer software is to.... 6. It is necessary to say that we can understand the FMS control system easily if we consider....