1.Agree or disagree using That's right ..., or That's wrong ... .

Example: a) If changes are necessary, they are made automatically with lighting speed. That's right, according to the text if changes are necessary they are made automatically with lighting speed, b) Safety signalling will be controlled by the drivers themselves. That's wrong, according to the text safety signalling will be controlled by coded electrical impulses.

1. It was fifty years ago that Londoners used a new way of travel. 2. The first underground travel in the world took place in 1863 in London. 3. The London Underground is not a very safe form of transport. 4. People who made the first underground travel did not consider it a great achievement. 5. In the early days the trains were driven by electricity. 6. The first escalator was installed 30 years ago. 7. The first trains were driven by steam locomotives. 8. The first escalator was installed in 1911. 9. The temperature in the Underground is very changeable. 10. The deep-level tubes came in 1890. 11. On long escalators the speed is not changeable. 12. The trains follow each other within seconds. 13. The temperature is maintained at 40 degrees by Fahrenheit.

2. Find in the text Passive constructions.

3. Translate words with prefix 'super-', Which in Russian means 'сверх-', 'пере-', 'супер-', 'ультра-'.

conductivity — проводимость; superconductivity —... heated — нагретый; superheated —. .. tension — напряжение; supertension —. .. cooling — охлаждение; supercooling —. .. critical — критический; supercritical —. .. efficiency — эффективность; superefficiency —. .. saturation — насыщение; supersaturation —. .. sensitive — чувствительный; supersensitive —. .. sound — звук; supersound —. ..

4. Translate:

hard — твердый, крепкий; harden —...

strength — прочность, сила; strengthen —...

broad — широкий; broaden —...

wide — широкий; widen —...

tight — плотный; tighten —…

rough — неровный, грубый; roughen —...

Lesson 7

Future-in-the-Past (Будущее в прошедшем)

В русском языке мы употребляем будущее время глагола, не задумываясь о том, в каком времени ведется повествование в целом, употребляется ли будущее время в главном или придаточном предложении, и даже о том, совпадает ли это грамматическое время с реальным. Возьмите два предложения:

Он будет лечиться в Крыму.

В 1941 году мы были уверены, что победа будет за нами.

В обоих предложениях мы видим «будет», хотя в первом случае речь идет о реальном будущем, а во втором случае – об условном будущем, так как 1945 год (год победы) является будущим лишь в отношении 1941 года, но прошлым по отношению к нашему времени.

В английском языке для этого относительного будущего есть особая форма, называемая Future-in-the-Past, т.е. “будущее в прошедшем”. От простых будущих времен оно отличается лишь тем, что настоящее время вспомогательных глаголов shall, will заменяется соответственно их прошедшим временем should, would.

Группа Continuous, в страдательном залоге будущего времени не имеет. Сравните:

группа	future		Future-in-tne-Past		перевод
Indefinite Continuous	Active Voice
	I shall speak He will speak I shall be writing He will be writing	I should speak He would Speak I should be writing He would be writing			Я буду говорить Он будет говорить Я буду писать Он будет писать
Indefinite	Passive Voice
	I shall be invited It will be done	I should be invited It would be done		Меня пригласят Это будет сделано

Read and translate:

The teacher told me that next lesson would not be difficult. They said that the boiler would be soon made. I thought that I should get the book in their library. I did not know that your father would come. I thought they would help me.

Read and translate:

1. Automation, telemechanics and computing techniques are being introduced in traffic control to restrict transport indiscipline. 2. In countries of high motorization air pollu­tion has become problem number one. 3. Research labora­tory has carried out the investigation into the circumstances of the accidents; aspects examined included the effect of weather, darkness, lighting of streets, speed limits, and the consumption of alcohol. 4. To increase the power output the two smaller engines were equipped with larger inlet valves. This modification was made to enable the engines to cope with the extra weight and size of the models. 5. "Rubber is an elastic substance made from the juice of certain trees and used for making balls, tyres, etc." This definition is given by an English Reader's Dictionary. 6. The communique issued at the end of the talks between the two countries called for the increase in trade cooperation. 7. Wonderful prospects will be opened up to mankind when we learn to convert solar energy into electricity with high efficiency. 8. Radio has found universal recognition and application in a compara­tively short period of time. 9. The ride.to the city has taken 1 1/2 hours altogether. 10. The consequences of the pollu­tion of the atmosphere by different by-products are being carefully studied. 11. The trend toward restricting the speed of motor cars is becoming more and more evident in many countries. 12. One should remember that the efficiency of transport system depends on many factors.