h o b b e s

Sovereign determines liberties of silence: 173, 228

Sovereign determines what is to be obeyed as divine law: 226ff (when not contrary to moral law 226)

4. Office and Duties of Sovereign

Sovereign bound by Laws of Nature: 158, 173, 182, 244, 262, 270, 199 Sovereign cannot treat subjects unjustly nor do them injury: 144, 146,

173, 178

. . . but can do them iniquity: 146, 199

. . . and may err in equity: 219

Duty of Sovereign to make good laws: 262, 271ff, 275f

Good laws what: 271ff, cf. Def good and evil: 15, 53f, 131f, 253f; and 46

Making law rational faculty of commonwealth: 259, 23, 214 Sovereign via civil law is judge of good and evil: 253, 259

End of Sovereign’s laws safety of the people: 262, and by general providence: 267

Good of Sovereign and People cannot be separated: 272

Sovereign fit arbitrator: as agreed upon in Social Contract: 194; cf. 129, 46, 274

Laws of Nature

0.Def. Law of Nature = precept or rule, found out by reason by which forbidden to do that destructive of our life etc: 14:3

1.Laws of Nature dictate peace for the means of the conservation of men in multitudes. I:15:25 (S. 130)

2.These laws summed up: Do not do to another etc. I:15:26

3.Laws of Nature bind in foro interno to a desire they should be followed: I:15:27–28

4.Science of Laws of Nature is the true and only moral phil: I:15:30

5.Laws of Nature are improperly so-called, being but conclusions concerning what conduces to our conservation: 15:30

Content of Laws of Nature

1. 1st and 2nd Laws: (i) to seek peace and follow it, (ii) to lay down one’s right subject to rule reciprocity. These branches of general rule to endeavor peace: 14:6–7

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Appendix: Hobbes Index

2.3rd Law: to perform covenants made: 15:1–3 Def. covenant and their validity: 14:12–29; 15:3 Justice: 15:1–9

Reply to Fool: 15:4

3.4th–10th Law: injunction to virtues and dispositions of sociable reasonable association: 15:10–18

4.11th–19th Laws: Precepts of Equity and Natural Justice: 15:17–25

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Copyright © The President and Fellows of Harvard College