Английский в алгоритмах.Фомина



в сравнительной конструкции

Cardinal

Ordinal

The second film was rather more exciting than the first one

количественные

порядковые

Значение

Значение

1

One

[w n]

the first

[f :st]



несут негативный, отрицательный оттенок

Имеют положительный

2

Two

[tu:]

the second

['sek nd]

оттенок значений

Those clothes are rather old.

3

three

[ ri:]

the third

[ :d]



показывает необычную, невероятную степень

This vase is quite cheap.

4

four

[f :]

the fourth

[f : ]

качества предмета, явления

5

Five

[faiv]

the fifth

[fif ]

The supper was rather good.

6

Six

[siks]

the sixth

[siks ]

7

seven

['sevn]

the seventh

['sevn ]

Task

8

eight

[eit]

the eighth

[eit ]

9

nine

[nain]

the ninth

[nain ]

10

Ten

[ten]

the tenth

[ten ]

Repeat

“the Adverb”:

11

eleven

[i'levn]

the eleventh

[i'levn ]

1) to school / day / the / pupils / go / every

12

twelve

[twelv]

the twelfth

[twelf ]

13

thirteen

[' :'ti:n]

the thirteenth

[' :'ti:n ]

2) walked / the / through / teacher / the / slowly / ago / ten / park / minutes

14

fourteen

['f :'ti:n]

the fourteenth

['f :'ti:n ]

3) always / she / dances

15

fifteen

['fif'ti:n]

the fifteenth

['fif'ti:n ]

The pupils had worked … and failed their exam.

16

sixteen

['siks'ti:n]

the sixteenth

['siks'ti:n ]

17

seventeen

['sevn'ti:n]

the seventeenth

['sevn'ti:n ]

a) hard

b) hardly

18

eighteen

['ei'ti:n]

the eighteenth

['ei'ti:n ]

It’s … rainy day.

19

nineteen

['nain'ti:n]

the nineteenth

['nain'ti:n ]

20

twenty

['twenti]

the twentieth

['twentii ]

a) quite

b)rather

0

21

twenty-one

['twenti 'w n]

the twenty-first

['twenti 'f :st]

The football match was … exciting that nobody wanted it to end.

22

twenty-two

['twenti 'tu:]

the twenty-second

['twenti 'sek nd]

a) such

b) so

c) too

d) very

30

thirty

[' :ti]

the thirtieth

[' :tii ]

He arrives … punctually you can set your watch by him.

40

forty

['f :ti]

the fortieth

['f :tii ]

50

fifty

['fifti]

the fiftieth

['fiftii ]

a) such

b) so

c) very

d) too

60

sixty

['siksti]

the sixtieth

['sikstii ]

70

seventy

['sevnti]

the seventieth

['sevntii ]

2.5

Числительное. The Numeral.

80

eighty

['eiti]

the eightieth

['eitii ]

90

ninety

['nainti]

the ninetieth

['naintii ]

100

a (one) hundred

['h ndr d]

the hundredth

['h ndr d ]

1000

thousand

[‘ auz( )nd]

the thousandth

[‘ auz( )nd ]

1000000

a (one) million

['milj n]

the millionth

['milj n ]

обозначения года

Например:

1952 – nineteen fifty-two

1900

– nineteen hundred

1914 –nineteen fourteen

1905

– nineteen o [ou] five

80

81

Например:

2.6 Местоимение. The Pronoun.

4+3=7 – four and three is seven

8-3=5 – eight from three is five

3٭2=6 – three times two is six

Личные (Personal), Притяжательные (Possessive), Возвратные

6:2=3 – six by two is three

0,25 – nought point two five

(Reflexive)

Ho:

12.205 – one two (twelve) point two nought five

обозначения возраста

Personal Pronouns

Possessive

Reflexive Pronouns

(личные)

Pronouns

Например:

Именительный

Объективный

(возвратные)

(притяжательные)

She is sixteen.

падеж

падеж

She is sixteen years old.

Отвечают на

Отвечают на

Отвечают на

телефонного номера

вопрос “кто?”

вопросы косвенных

вопросы “чей?”,

Переводится “сам”,

падежей (кого,

“чья?”, “чьё?

“себе”

Например:

Who is doing it?

местоимение + сущ.

кому), после V

93-17-15 – nine three one seven one five

Кто делает это?

my book моя

01 – o [ou] one

I я

me меня, мне

myself

991 – double nine one

is mine

your book твоя/

you ты/вы

you тебя, тебе

ваша

yourself

количественное

=

0

is yours

дробное числительное

he он

him его, ему

his book его

himself

порядковое

his

1

– one sixth

1

– a half

1

– a quarter

she она

her ее, ей

her book ее

herself

2

hers

6

4

it он, оно, она

it этого, этому

its place

(для

itself

его, ее

неодушевленных)

we мы

us нас, нам

our book наша

ourselves

ours

they они

them их, им

their book их

themselves

theirs

82

83

Неопределенные и отрицательные местоимения.

a/the/this+whole N (исчисляемое, ед.ч.)

Indefinite and Negative Pronouns

whole

They were walking the whole night.

+

местоимение

+ thing

+ body

+ where

употребляется

целый

whole N (неисчисляемое)

some

something

somebody

некоторый,

somewhere

в утвердительных

He ate whole cake.

что-то

кто-то

несколько,

где-то

предложениях

что-нибудь

кто-нибудь

какой-то

several

несколько (больше, чем 2, нонемного)

+

anything

anybody

в отрицательных и

anywhere

They took several books.

any

всякий, любой,

всякий, кто-

вопросительных

везде

какой-нибудь

нибудь

предложениях

other

other + N(s) – другие … (other books)

+

others – другие … (and others)

no, not, any

nothing

nobody

nowhere

в отрицательных

другой (ед.ч), “дополнительный”

никакой не

никто не

нигде

предложениях

another

Shall I give you another cup of tea?

+

Обобщающие (Universal) и отрицательные (Negative)

“иной”

Can you show me another book?

местоимения

1) один из двух

+

You may visit me on Monday or Sunday. Either day is fine for

Ед.ч.

Мн.ч

either

me.

Singular

Plural

+

+

2) и тот и другой

both

оба, обе (двое)

+

Either of the books is/are interesting

Both Jane and Bobby study at school.

3) каждый любой из двух

+

все(больше, чем 2)

0

Either book is interesting

All children went to the park.

+

all

весь :all day (morning, year)

Но в отрицании – в конце:

HO:

I have never met her either.(также)

All is well that ends well. Все хорошо, что хорошо кончается.

+

either … or … – или…или…

That is all. Это все.

ни один, ни одна

+

neither

Neither book is interesting.

В значении «каждый отдельно»

+

+

neither of – ни одна из

Neither of the books is/are interesting.

each

each

each

The teacher spoke to each

+

each

each

никто из

pupil in turn.

none

+

+

None of the writers is/are popular

1) В значении «все»

каждый

Указательные местоимения. Demonstrative Pronouns.

все

2) Показывает частоту происходящего

ед.ч.

мн.ч.

this (это)



these (эти)

every hour (week) … - каждый час (неделю)

every

+

that (тот)



those (те)

3) Употребляется в сочетании со словами:

Союзные местоимения. Conjunctive Pronouns.

almost – почти

nearly – приблизительно

Who? – кто?

Whose? – чей?

Whom? – кем? кому?

practically – практически

without exception – без исключения

What? – что?

Which? – который?

In summer it’s hot almost every day.

84

85

One should do it – Следует это сделать

Both Jane and Bob … happy.

One can do it – Можно это сделать

a) is

b) are

In May it is warm practically … day.

Часто выступает как “слово-заместитель”

a) every

b) each

The park in Kiev is very green one.

0

Did you see … in the room?

The parks in Kiev are very green ones.

a) somebody

b) anybody

Употребление местоимений с существительными

Will you show me … magazine?

местоимения

существительные

a) other

b) another

c) others

исчисляемые

неисчисляемые

None of us … brave.

a lot of / lots of

+

+

a) is

b) are

a large amount (quantity) of

+

a large/great/good number of

+

I see the children … are walking in the park.

a great/good deal of

+

a) who

b) which

c) that

(a) few

+

(a) little

+

much

+

many

+

plenty of

+

+

several

+

one

+

each

+

every

+

both

+

a couple of

+

2.7 Предлоги. The Prepositions.

no/not any

+

+

most

+

+

all

+

+

86

87

2.7.1 Предлоги места, времени, движения.

TIME (время)

The prepositions of place, time and movement.

at 6 o’clock

в 6 часов

by 6 o’clock

к 6 часам

on Monday

в понедельник

PLACE (место)

in 2006

в 2006 году

in spring

весной

at

in June

в июле

at the desk (за партой)

in 2 hours

через 2 часа

near

у, около, рядом

till

до тех пор пока

by

untill

до тех пор пока не

next to

from…till…

от…до…

beside

from 2 till 3

с 2 до 3

on

на, сверху

for, during

в течение

in

в, внутри

for 5 hours

в течение 5 часов

between

между

during day – off

во время выходного дня

around

вокруг

since

с тех пор

among

среди

after

после

above

над

after school

после школы

over

after 2 years

через 2 года

under

под

in

bellow

ниже

через 2 минуты

in 2 minutes

in front of

перед

0

before

до, перед

behind

позади

before breakfast

до завтрака

in the centre (of)

посредине

in the middle (of)

on the left (of)

слева

MOVEMENT (движение)

on the right (of)

справа

to

в, к, на

(куда?)

Где?

into

во внутрь

at the…

onto

на поверхность

over the fence

через забор

the river

по мосту (через реку)

across

через (across the street,

through

through the forest)

out of

из

from

towards

навстречу, по направлению к

away from

прочь

along (the street)

вдоль, по

about (the town)

по (хаотически)

up

вверх

down

вниз, по

Куда?

to the …

88

89

2.7.2 Наиболее употребительные сочетания с

for ages

for hire

for safe keeping

for breakfast/lunch/dinner

for keeps

for one's sake

предлогами. The most useful word combinations with

for certain

for instance

for the sake of

the prepositions.

For

for a change

for luck

for sale

for ever

for life

for short

for fear (of)

for love

for the time being

at once

at first

for fun (= for amusement)

for nothing

for a visit/holiday

at peace/war

at first hand

for good

for once

for a walk

at present

at the age of

at first sight

for granted

for the rest of

for a while

at a profit

at an auction

at a glance

at the prospect

at the beginning of (Но:

at a guess

in action

in future

in particular

at random

in the beginning )

at hand

in addition to (Ving)

in gear

in the past

at any rate

at one's best

at heart

in advance (of)

in general

in person

at one's request

at breakfast/lunch etc

at home

in agreement (with)

in good time

in pieces

at the same time

at the bottom of

at/in a hotel

in aid of

in half

in place of

at school

at the bus stop

at... km per hour

in all (all in all)

in hand

in politics

at sea

at church

at large

in answer to

in haste

in pounds

at the seaside

At

at the corner/on the corner

at last

in an armchair

in good/bad health

in practice/theory

at short notice

at all costs

at the latest

in a bad temper

in hiding

in principle

at/in the station