- •Пермский государственный технический университет
- •Учебное пособие
- •Science and technoligy Part a
- •Learn the following words and word-combinations:
- •Science and technoligy
- •Find in the text the English equivalents to the following Russian words and word-combinations:
- •Read the words and expressions and guess what this text is about?
- •A science fiction story
- •Read the text and answer the following questions:
- •What is your opinion about the end of this story? Think over and write down about the fate of the astronauts.
- •Render the contents of the last paragraph into Indirect Speech.
- •The science of chemistry Part a
- •1. Learn the following words and word-combinations:
- •Translate the words without dictionary.
- •Translate the following sentences paying attention to the different meanings of the word "matter":
- •Read the text and answer the following questions.
- •The science of chemistry
- •Translate the words in the brackets into English.
- •Ask questions to the words in bold type:
- •Write a plan in form of questions to the text and retell the text according to it.
- •Translate the text into English.
- •Listen to the communication again and say what ideas absent in the first text it contains.
- •Listen to the talk once again if necessary and answer the following questions. Begin your answer with the given opening phrases: opening phrases
- •Using some chemical terms (see below) complete the following sentences in the short text:
- •Read another text on chemistry and choose the most suitable title out of the given ones:
- •Read the text again and say if the following statements are true (t) or false (f):
- •Read the text once again and entitle its paragraphs.
- •Write out a) key words out of each paragraph; b) the sentences expressing the main idea(s) of each paragraph.
- •Retell the text briefly in your own words making use of the key words and the sentences you've written out.
- •Here are two expressions of the role of chemistry. Do you share them? Express your opinion to each one.
- •History of chemistry Part a
- •Do you know the history of chemistry? Answer the following questions:
- •Read the text on alchemy, compare it with your answers and say what information they have in common and what is different. Share your ideas with your fellow students.
- •Read one more text on the history of chemistry and entitle it.
- •The measurements in chemistry Part a
- •Read the following word combinations.
- •Read the following words, mind the stresses.
- •Translate the following sentences into Russian.
- •Translate the following sentences paying attention to the meanings of the word "order".
- •Give the Russian equivalents of the following words.
- •Read the text and answer the following questions
- •The measurements in chemistry
- •The Metric System
- •Choose the Russian equivalents from the right column.
- •Open the brackets choosing a suitable word. Translate the sentences into Russian.
- •Read and retell the text.
- •A comparison of a few points of the Centigrade and Fahrenheit scales
- •Translate the text and answer the questions that follow. The Balance
- •Read and retell the text.
- •The general apparatus of inorganic laboratory Part a
- •Learn the following words.
- •Nucleus – nuclei
- •Series – series
- •The general apparatus of inorganic laboratory
- •Fill in the blanks.
- •Describe your chemical laboratory.
- •Translate the following sentences paying attention to the meanings of the verb “to have”:
- •Find the sentences in which “to be” is a modal verb:
- •Part b.
- •Listen to the talk again and answer the following questions choosing the correct answer out of the given ones:
- •Listen to the talk once again if necessary and give reasoning to the choice of the answers you've just given by expressing your opinion. The list of expressions comes handy:
- •Read the text without dictionary. Laboratory Rules
- •Notes on the Text
- •Answer the following questions.
- •What rules would you add to the given ones.
- •Complete the following sentences using modal verbs:
- •Read the text and describe the process with the help of the picture. Distillation
- •Read the text and tell about obtaining hydrogen using the picture. Kipp's Apparatus Used for Obtaining Hydrogen
- •Read the text and tell with the help of the figure about laboratory method of obtaining oxygen. Laboratory Method of Obtaining Oxygen
- •Russian Scientists Part a
- •Pronounce the following words:
- •Read the following word combinations:
- •Read the text and guess what scientist this text is about. Notes on the Text
- •Use the Passive Voice according to the model:
- •Find the sentences in which the form with the suffix "-ed" is a part of the passive construction:
- •Prereading Discussion
- •Listen to or look through the following text and find the facts you've not mentioned in the discussion:
- •Look through the text again and find the sentences where the author describes the following facts:
- •Read the text thoroughly with a dictionary and answer the following questions choosing the correct answer out of the given ones:
- •Give Russian equivalents to the following words, word combinations and chemical terms from the text:
- •Match the synonyms in ex. 5 and ex. 6:
- •Find in the text all the sentences containing the sequence of tenses. Translate them into Russian.
- •A) Translate the following sentences into Russian:
- •Read the following text attentively and choose the most suitable title out of the given ones:
- •Russian achievements in science Part a
- •Translate the following verbs and adjectives, form nouns from them.
- •Read the following words and word-combinations:
- •Read the text and answer the following questions:
- •Russian achievements in science
- •Choose the Russian equivalent from the right column.
- •Translate into Russian
- •Write a plan to the text and retell the text according to the plan. Express your opinion to the following theses:
- •Pronounce the following words:
- •Read the following word combinations:
- •Use the Passive Voice according to the model:
- •Find the sentences in which the form with the suffix "-ed" is a part of the passive construction:
- •Read the text and guess what scientist this text is about?
- •Using the data, make up a story about a great Russian chemist. N.N. Zinin (1812-1880)
- •N.N. Semyonov (1826-1986)
- •Accordiny to these plans prepare the reports about such Russian chemists as a.M. Butlerov, n.N. Beketov, n.D. Zelinsky, s.V. Lebedev, a.E. Favorsky. Additional Texts
- •Experimental Chemistry (1748-1757)
- •Text II Great English Scientist in physics and analytical chemistry
- •Faraday
- •Чтение химических формул
- •Сокращения, принятые в химической литературе
- •Список химических элементов
- •Rendering the text
- •Список литературы
Чтение химических формул
Буквы латинского алфавита, обозначающие названия элементов, читаются так же, как буквы английского алфавита, например: Н2О—[eiʧtu:ou]
Знак + читается plus, and или together with.
Знак – обозначает одну связь и не читается.
Знак = читается give(s) или form(s).
Знак читается give(s), pass(es) over to или lead(s) to.
Знак читается forms and is formed from.
Сокращения, принятые в химической литературе
AcO- — acyloxyion
b. p.— boiling point
С — centigrade
с.— centimetre
cbm — cubic metre
cc.— cubic centimetre
deg.— degree
dia — diameter
e.g.— for example
F — Fahrenheit
fig. — figure
g — gram
hr — hour
in.— inch
kg.— kilogram
1.— litre
Ib.— pound
m.— metre
mg — milligramme
ml — millilitre
mm — millimetre
m. p.— melting point
p. p. m.— parts per million
sec. — second
sq.— square
sq. in.— square inch
viz.— namely
V — volume
wt.— weight
Список химических элементов
Ac — actinium [æk'tiniəm] актиний
Al — aluminium [,ælju'minjəm] алюминий
Ag — argentum [a:'dƺentəm] серебро
Am — americium [,æmə'risiəm] америций
Ar — argon ['a:gɔn] аргон
As — arsenic ['a:snik] мышьяк
At — astatine ['æstə'ti:n] астат
Au — aurum=gold ['ɔ:rəm], [gould] золото
В — boron ['bɔ:rɔn] бор
Ba — barium ['bɛəariəm] барий
Be — beryllium [be'riljəm] бериллий
Bi — bismuth ['bizməɵ] висмут
Bk — berkelium [,bə:ki'liəm] беркелий
Br — bromine ['broumi:n] бром
С — carbon ['ka:bən] углерод
Са—calcium ['kælsiəm] кальций
Се — cerium ['s:riəm] церий
Cd — cadmium ['kædmiəm] кадмий
Cf—californium [,kæli'fɔ:niəm] калифорний
Cl — chlorine ['klɔ:ri:n] хлор
Cm — curium [‘kju:riəm] кюрий
Co — cobalt [kə'bɔ:lt] кобальт
Cr — chromium ['kroumjəm] хром
Cs — caesium ['si:zjəm] цезий
Cu — copper ['kɔpə] медь
Dy — dysprosium [dis'prousiəm] диспрозий
Er — erbium ['ə:biəm] эрбий
Es — einsteinium [ain’stainiəm] эйнштейний
Eu — europium [ju:'roupiəm] европий
F — fluorine ['fluəri:n] фтор
Fe — ferrum ['ferəm] железо
Fm — fermium ['fə:miəm] фермий
Fr — francium ['frænsiəm] франций
Ga —gallium ['gæliəm] галлий
Ge — germanium [ʤə:'meiniəm] германий
Gd — gadolinium [gædə'liniəm] гадолиний
H — hydrogen [‘haidriʤən] водород
He — helium ['hi:ljəm] гелий
Hf — hafnium ['hæfniəm] гафний
Hg — hydrargyrum=mercury [hai'dra:ʤirəm], ['mə;kjuri] ртуть
Ho — holmium ['houlmiəm] гольмий
I — iodine [‘aiədi:n] йод
In — indium ['indiəm] индий
Ir — iridium [ai'ridiəm] иридий
К — kalium ['keiliəm] калий
Kr — krypton ['kriptɔn] криптон
Ku — kurchatovium [,kurʧə'tɔviəm] курчатовий
La — lanthanum ['lænɵənəm] лантан
Li — lithium ['Iiɵiəm] литий
Lr — lawrencium [,lɔ:'rensiəm] лоуренсии
Lu — lutecium [lju:'ti:ʃiəm] лютеций
Md —mendelevium [,mendə'leviəm] менделевий
Mg — magnesium [mæg'ni:zjəm] магний
Mn — manganese [,mæŋgə'ni:z] марганец
Mo — molybdenum [mɔ‘libdinəm] молибден
N — nitrogen ['naitriʤən] азот
Na — natrium ['neitriəm] натрий
Nb — niobium [nai'oubiəm] ниобий
Nd — neodymium [,ni:ə'dimiəm] неодим
Ne — neon ['ni:ən] неон
Ni — nickel ['nikl] никель
No — nobelium [nou'beliəm] нобелий
Np — neptunium [nep'tju:njəm] нептуний
O — oxygen ['ɔksiʤən] кислород
Os — osmium [‘ɔzmiəm] осмий
P — phosphorus ['fɔsfərəs] фосфор
Pa — protactinium [,proutæk'tiniəm] протактиний
Pb — plumbum ['plʌmbəm] свинец
Pd — palladium [pə'lerdiəm] палладий
Pm — promethium [prə'mi:ɵjəm] прометий
Po — polonium [pə'louniəm] полоний
Pr — praseodymium [,preiziə'dimiəm] празеодим
Pt — platinum ['plætinəm] платина
Pu — plutonium [plu:'tounjəm] плутоний
Ra — radium ['reidjəm] радий
Rb — rubidium [ru:'bidiəm] рубидий
Re — rhenium ['ri:niəm] рений
Rh — rhodium ['roudjəm] родий
Rn — radon ['reidɔn] радон
Ru — ruthenium [ru:'ɵi:niəm] рутений
S — sulphur ['sʌlfə] сера
Sb — antimony ['æntiməni] сурьма
Sc — scandium ['skændiəm] скандий
Se — selenium [si'li:njəm] селен
Si — silicon ['silikən] кремний
Sm — samarium [sə'mɛəriəm] самарий
Sn — stannum ['stænəm] олово
Sr — strontium ['strɔnʃjəm] стронций
Та — tantalum ['tæntələm] тантал
Tb — terbium ['tə:biəm] тербий
Тс — technetium [tek'ni:ʃiəm] технеций
Те — tellurium [te'ljuəriəm] теллур
Th — thorium ['ɵɔ:riəm] торий
Ti — titanium [ti'teinjəm] титан
Tl — thallium ['ɵæliəm] таллий
Tm — tullium ['tʌliəm] тулий
U — uranium [juə'reinjəm] уран
V — vanadium [və'neidjəm] ванадий
W — wolfram [‘wulfrəm] вольфрам
Xe — xenon [‘zenɔn] ксенон
Y — yttrium ['itriəm] иттрий
Yb — ytterbium [i'tə:bjəm] иттербий
Zn — zinc [ziŋk] цинк
Zr — zirconium [zə:'kounjəm] цирконий