7. Fill in the blanks.

1. The reagent room is used for … (storing / weighing) chemicals. 2. The weighing room is … (specially / generally) constructed … (so as / because) to be free from external disturbances. 3. Chemical laboratory operations … (deal with / require) liquids, solids and gases. 4. The apparatus used for … (transporting / carrying out) experiments are clamped to ring-stands. 5. The laboratory … (is operated / is provided) with gas and running water.

8. Describe your chemical laboratory.

9. Translate the following sentences paying attention to the meanings of the verb “to have”:

1. The laboratory of general chemistry has many benches with a number of drawers. 2. A first-year student has to carry out a number of experiments in the laboratory of general chemistry. 3. This term the students have carried out a number of experiments. 4. These substances have very low solubility. 5. They have to find out the solubility of this substance. 6. They have found the solubility of this substance and now can investigate its properties better. 7. This metal has found wide application both in industry and in agriculture. 8. They have to rise the temperature greatly as the mixture doesn’t boil. 9. Hydrogen peroxide has been heated. 10. Hydrogen peroxide has a lower vapour pressure than water. 11. The evaporation has to be carried out in the water-bath. 12. This crucible has been used for heating some solutions. 13. This solution has an unpleasant odour, he has to open the window. 14. A rombic sulphur has to be kept at a temperature of 96ºC. 15. It is necessary to purify water, you will have to pass it through porous paper. 16. It has to be noted that chlorine dioxide reacts with water and yields a mixture of chlorous and chloric acid. 17. It has been already noted that hydrogen is found in the free state only in minute quantities.

10. Find the sentences in which “to be” is a modal verb:

1. This substance is colourless and odourless. 2. This substance is to be heated to a high temperature. 3. In this experiment we were to find out the properties of this substance. 4. Many new research institutes are being built in our country. 5. This example was referred to by our teacher. 6. Hot water is to be poured in a flask. 7. If the boiling point of the solution is to be established, you should carry out this experiment. 8. Many ores which are to be refined contain considerable quantities of impurities. 9. He is working at a very important experiment, it is to help our researches to finish their work. 10. The vapour pressure of this unstable phase is greater than that of the stable phase at the same temperature.

Part b.

1. Listen to a short talk on safety in the laboratory. Make notes. Ask each oth­er questions to clarify the points you don't understand. The following notes and words will help you to understand the talk better:

NOTES

1. are designed — предназначены

2. become familiar — познакомиться

3. setting up the experiments — организовать эксперименты

4. common sense — здравый смысл

5. might catch fire — могли бы загореться

6. suffered through periods — периодически страдал

7. mental instability — психическая неустойчивость

8. preserved specimens — сохраненные образцы

WORDS

abnormally — ненормально

to complement — дополнить

consequence — следствие

consequently — следовательно

fume — пар, испарение

goggles – защитные очки

to grade — оценивать

insomnia — бессонница

to insist — настаивать

lead — свинец

protective — защитный

purposely — намеренно

to reinforce — подкрепить

responsibility —ответственность

routinely — обычно

safety — безопасность

to sniff — нюхать

to taste — пробовать на вкус

Good afternoon. My name's Mary Raffety. For the next eleven weeks, I'll be your lab instructor. The lab experiences you’ll be having are designed to complement your work in Dr. Kaplan's inorganic chemistry course. Today's experiment is purposely a short one; it'll help you become familiar with the lab setup and equipment.

As your lab instructor, it's my duty to assist you in setting up your experiments and understanding the results. I'll also grade your lab notebooks. But I have an even more basic responsibility: your physical safety. I’ll insist on proper precautions, such as wearing protective gog­gles at all times. I also expect you to use common sense: don’t wear long scarfs that might catch fire; don't smoke; don't taste unknown substances.

Let me reinforce this point with a story. Isaac Newton, perhaps the greatest scientist of all ages, lived in a period when the toxic effects of chemicals were less understood than today. He routinely sniffed fumes, tasted chemicals, and used open containers for heating substances. In the early 1690's, he suffered through a period of insomnia, depression, and mental instability. Though his biographers linked this situation to problems in his personal life, researchers now think that it was a consequence of his lab procedures: they found abnormally high concen­tration of lead, mercury, and other heavy metals in preserved specimens of his hair.

Consequently, we must learn from the past and put safety first.