- •Пермский государственный технический университет
- •Учебное пособие
- •Science and technoligy Part a
- •Learn the following words and word-combinations:
- •Science and technoligy
- •Find in the text the English equivalents to the following Russian words and word-combinations:
- •Read the words and expressions and guess what this text is about?
- •A science fiction story
- •Read the text and answer the following questions:
- •What is your opinion about the end of this story? Think over and write down about the fate of the astronauts.
- •Render the contents of the last paragraph into Indirect Speech.
- •The science of chemistry Part a
- •1. Learn the following words and word-combinations:
- •Translate the words without dictionary.
- •Translate the following sentences paying attention to the different meanings of the word "matter":
- •Read the text and answer the following questions.
- •The science of chemistry
- •Translate the words in the brackets into English.
- •Ask questions to the words in bold type:
- •Write a plan in form of questions to the text and retell the text according to it.
- •Translate the text into English.
- •Listen to the communication again and say what ideas absent in the first text it contains.
- •Listen to the talk once again if necessary and answer the following questions. Begin your answer with the given opening phrases: opening phrases
- •Using some chemical terms (see below) complete the following sentences in the short text:
- •Read another text on chemistry and choose the most suitable title out of the given ones:
- •Read the text again and say if the following statements are true (t) or false (f):
- •Read the text once again and entitle its paragraphs.
- •Write out a) key words out of each paragraph; b) the sentences expressing the main idea(s) of each paragraph.
- •Retell the text briefly in your own words making use of the key words and the sentences you've written out.
- •Here are two expressions of the role of chemistry. Do you share them? Express your opinion to each one.
- •History of chemistry Part a
- •Do you know the history of chemistry? Answer the following questions:
- •Read the text on alchemy, compare it with your answers and say what information they have in common and what is different. Share your ideas with your fellow students.
- •Read one more text on the history of chemistry and entitle it.
- •The measurements in chemistry Part a
- •Read the following word combinations.
- •Read the following words, mind the stresses.
- •Translate the following sentences into Russian.
- •Translate the following sentences paying attention to the meanings of the word "order".
- •Give the Russian equivalents of the following words.
- •Read the text and answer the following questions
- •The measurements in chemistry
- •The Metric System
- •Choose the Russian equivalents from the right column.
- •Open the brackets choosing a suitable word. Translate the sentences into Russian.
- •Read and retell the text.
- •A comparison of a few points of the Centigrade and Fahrenheit scales
- •Translate the text and answer the questions that follow. The Balance
- •Read and retell the text.
- •The general apparatus of inorganic laboratory Part a
- •Learn the following words.
- •Nucleus – nuclei
- •Series – series
- •The general apparatus of inorganic laboratory
- •Fill in the blanks.
- •Describe your chemical laboratory.
- •Translate the following sentences paying attention to the meanings of the verb “to have”:
- •Find the sentences in which “to be” is a modal verb:
- •Part b.
- •Listen to the talk again and answer the following questions choosing the correct answer out of the given ones:
- •Listen to the talk once again if necessary and give reasoning to the choice of the answers you've just given by expressing your opinion. The list of expressions comes handy:
- •Read the text without dictionary. Laboratory Rules
- •Notes on the Text
- •Answer the following questions.
- •What rules would you add to the given ones.
- •Complete the following sentences using modal verbs:
- •Read the text and describe the process with the help of the picture. Distillation
- •Read the text and tell about obtaining hydrogen using the picture. Kipp's Apparatus Used for Obtaining Hydrogen
- •Read the text and tell with the help of the figure about laboratory method of obtaining oxygen. Laboratory Method of Obtaining Oxygen
- •Russian Scientists Part a
- •Pronounce the following words:
- •Read the following word combinations:
- •Read the text and guess what scientist this text is about. Notes on the Text
- •Use the Passive Voice according to the model:
- •Find the sentences in which the form with the suffix "-ed" is a part of the passive construction:
- •Prereading Discussion
- •Listen to or look through the following text and find the facts you've not mentioned in the discussion:
- •Look through the text again and find the sentences where the author describes the following facts:
- •Read the text thoroughly with a dictionary and answer the following questions choosing the correct answer out of the given ones:
- •Give Russian equivalents to the following words, word combinations and chemical terms from the text:
- •Match the synonyms in ex. 5 and ex. 6:
- •Find in the text all the sentences containing the sequence of tenses. Translate them into Russian.
- •A) Translate the following sentences into Russian:
- •Read the following text attentively and choose the most suitable title out of the given ones:
- •Russian achievements in science Part a
- •Translate the following verbs and adjectives, form nouns from them.
- •Read the following words and word-combinations:
- •Read the text and answer the following questions:
- •Russian achievements in science
- •Choose the Russian equivalent from the right column.
- •Translate into Russian
- •Write a plan to the text and retell the text according to the plan. Express your opinion to the following theses:
- •Pronounce the following words:
- •Read the following word combinations:
- •Use the Passive Voice according to the model:
- •Find the sentences in which the form with the suffix "-ed" is a part of the passive construction:
- •Read the text and guess what scientist this text is about?
- •Using the data, make up a story about a great Russian chemist. N.N. Zinin (1812-1880)
- •N.N. Semyonov (1826-1986)
- •Accordiny to these plans prepare the reports about such Russian chemists as a.M. Butlerov, n.N. Beketov, n.D. Zelinsky, s.V. Lebedev, a.E. Favorsky. Additional Texts
- •Experimental Chemistry (1748-1757)
- •Text II Great English Scientist in physics and analytical chemistry
- •Faraday
- •Чтение химических формул
- •Сокращения, принятые в химической литературе
- •Список химических элементов
- •Rendering the text
- •Список литературы
Translate the following verbs and adjectives, form nouns from them.
to invent
to create
to produce
to investigate
to develop
to achieve
to discover
to manufacture
significant
Read the following words and word-combinations:
synthetic [sin`θetik]
synthesize [`sinθisaiz]
acetone [`æsitoun]
phenol[`fi:nol]
benzene [`benzi:n]
propylene [`proupili:n]
isotope [`aisoutoup]
extract [iks`trækt]
Read the text and answer the following questions:
What have Russian scientists enriched science with?
What do the new discoveries deal with?
What great Russian chemists can you name? What contribution did they make into the development of science and our country?
What new methods did our scientists evolve?
How has the scientific development contributed to the development of industry?
What do you know about the latest achievements of our scientists?
Russian achievements in science
Russian scientists and inventors have enriched science and technology with many great achievements, which have won world-wide recognition and enable our country to solve many important problems.
Many inventions have not only brought fame to our science but rank among great achievements of mankind.
Many discoveries of great theoretical and practical significance have been made in our country. These discoveries deal with many various fields of science such as physics, chemistry, biology and many others. The classical works by D.I. Mendeleev, A.M. Butlerow, N.D. Zelensky, S.V. Lebedev, A.E. Favorsky and many others not only served as a theoretical basis for the development of the Russian chemical industry, which now holds one of the leading positions in the world in overall volume of production, but enabled our country to set up a number of modern branches of the chemical industry.
The close links between science and industry enabled the chemical industry to make great progress.
It was in the former Soviet Union that the large scale production of synthetic rubber was established.
N.D. Zelensky’s works formed the bases for the synthesizing of a large number of new chemical compounds. There are thousands of them now, and they are extremely important in the economy of Russia. Our scientists elaborated a new method of extracting phenol and acetone simultaneously from benzene and propylene. Both these substances are necessary for manufacturing plastics, textile fibres, organic glass and other chemical products.
Many scientists and engineers work at the creation of new polymers which are used in different combinations in order to produce different materials.
Many discoveries our chemists made in the field of biology in recent years are forming the bases of new conceptions of matter and will help in creating materials unknown in nature.
Together with physicists, our chemists have elaborated an industrial method for manufacturing artificial diamonds which are 40 per cent harder than natural ones.
Many workers carry on work at the problem of the nature of elementary particles including nuclear forces. Great work is done in the field of lasers. Our industry has produced various types of lasers which are very important in industry, research and medicine.
Our research workers had carried out a great experimental work in the investigation of isotopes long before we began to use them. Production of artificial radio-active isotopes has developed into a new industry. Everybody knows our great achievements in the field of space investigation. And though our country is going through a very difficult transitional period now it is undoubtedly that if our science continues to develop Russia will be a powerful state again.