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НАЦІОНАЛЬНИЙ ТЕХНІЧНИЙ УНІВЕРСИТЕТ УКРАЇНИ “КПІ”

ФАКУЛЬТЕТ ЛІНГВІСТИКИ

Опорний конспект лекцій з дисципліни “Теорія перекладу”

для студентів V курсу зі спеціальності “Переклад”

КИЇВ 2005

Автор-укладач: канд. філол. наук, доц. Захарова Людмила Миколаївна.

Конспект лекцій розглянуто та рекомендовано до друку на засіданні Ради факультету лінгвістики згідно протоколу №.......... від ............ року.

Introduction

The aim of this course is to highlight the most common theories and models by both native and foreign scientists in the field of translation in order to give students an idea of the progress modern science has made in translation research. It is also an objective of this course to help future interpreters and translators to better understand their translation routine.

The discussion of translation theories and models is accompanied by some general information on models and modeling, contains descriptions of the general principles of translation process from Western translation theorists, common and different ways of interpreting translation and translating process. It contains focus on rather different issues: an introductory discussion of the nature of translation in view of foreign scientists and the presentation of an outline model of translating. We ask the questions: 1) “What is translation and how may we best describe and explain it?” 2) ”What would a model of translating look like?” 3) “What knowledge and skills must the translator possess in order to be able to translate?” i.e. how can we specify translator competence?

This course is concerned with translation, its theory and, in particular, with proposing a new orientation to the study of translation.

Contents

LECTURE 1

Model. Perspectives on Translation.

Basic Approaches to Translation and Interpretation.

Main points:

1. Basic approaches to translation and interpretation.

2. Translation as intercultural communication.

LECTURE 2

Translation as a Human Activity and a Mysterious Phenomenon.

Main points:

1. Translation as a human activity and a mysterious phenomenon.

2. Ambiguity problem in translation.

3. Disambiguation tools.

LECTURE 3

Theory, Model, Algorithm - Differences and Common Features.

Main points:

1. Definitions of theory, model and algorithm.

2. Language modeling.

3. Translation as an object of linguistic modeling.

LECTURE 4

What is translation theory?

Main points:

1. The process of translation that creates the product.

2. Orientation towards different approaches to investigate the process of translation.

3. Requirements for a theory of translation.

LECTURE 5

Human Translation Theories

Main points:

1. The unit and elements of translation.

2. Transformational approach.

3. Denotative approach.

LECTURE 6

Human Translation Theories

Main points:

1. Communicative approach. The notion of thesaurus.

2. Distributional approach.

LECTURE 7

Translating: Modeling the process.

Main points:

1. The translator: knowledge and skills.

2. Ideal bilingual competence.

3. Expertise.

4. Communicative competence.

LECTURE 8

The process of translation.

Main points:

1. Stages of the process of translation.

2. Editing the source text.

3. Interpretation of the source text.

4. Interpretation in a new language.

5. Formulating the translated text.

6. Editing the translated text.

LECTURE 9

Types of Translation

Main points:

1. Pre-dictionary translation.

2. Formulation translation.

3. Instantaneous translation.

4. Specific skills required for interpreting “by ear” (at viva voce).

LECTURE 10

The Language of Translation

Main points:

1. The level of lexis.

2. Sentence level.

LECTURE 11

The Language of Translation

Main points:

1. Discourse level.

2. The level of variety.

3. Elaboration on vocabulary exchange as a method of studying the language of translation.

LECTURE 12

Meaning. Word-meaning.

Main points:

1. Reference theory.

2. Componential analysis.

3. Meaning postulates.

LECTURE 13

The Thesaurus.

Main points:

1. Lexical and semantic fields.

2. Denotation and connotation.

LECTURE 14

Sentence-meaning.

Main points:

1. Relations of words and sentences to one another.

2. Utterance, sentence and propositions.

LECTURE 15

Text and Discourse. Types of Context and Contextual Relationships.

Main points:

1. Text, context and discourse.

2. Levels of contextual abstraction.

3. Types of contexts.

4. Contextual relationships.

LECTURE 16

Standards of Textuality.

Main points:

1. Cohesion and coherence.

2. Intentionality and acceptibility.

3. Informativity, relevance and intertextuality.

LECTURE 17

Memory. Text Processing (Knowledge).

Main points:

1. Formal typologies.

2. Functional typologies.

3. Text processing (knowledge): syntactic, semantic, pragmatic.

LECTURE 18

Text Processing (Skills).

Main points:

Interconnections between text production and text reception.

2. Problem-solving and text-processing.

3. Synthesis: writing. Strategies and tactics.

4. Analysis: reading.

LECTURE 1

Model. Perspectives on Translation.

Basic Approaches to Translation and Interpretation.

Main points:

1. Basic approaches to translation and interpretation.

2. Translation as intercultural communication and as a human activity.

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