III. Answer the following questions:

1. What is a ship model basin?

2. The towing carriage is equipped with computers and devices to register variables such as speed propeller thrust, isn’t it?

3. What is a towing tank?

4. What does a towing tank serve for?

5. What can a towing tank be equipped with?

6. What is a PMM?

7. What is a CPMC used for?

8. Is a cavitation tunnel a vertical water circuit with large diameter pipes?

9. What is the function of a stroboscope?

10. The propeller is attached to a dynamometer, isn’t it?

IV. Insert the missing word using the text:

1. A towing tank is a …, several meters wide and … of meters long.

2. The towing tank serves for … and … tests to determine how much power the engine will have to provide to achieve the speed laid down in the contract between … and ship owner.

3. A towing tank can be equipped with … … … to measure the hydrodynamic forces under the influence of … inflow and enforced motions.

4. At the top, a cavitation tunnel carries the … …

5. A … synchronized with the propeller speed serves to … cavitation as if the cavitation bubble would not move.

6. Ship model basins manufacture their ship models from … or paraffin with a computerized … …

V. Ask as many questions as possible to the following questions:

1. Resistance and required engine power as well as maneuvering behavior are determined depending on the ice thickness.

2. Ship model basins manufacture their ship models from wood or paraffin with a computerized milling machine.

3. A ship model basin is also an engineering firm that provides hydrodynamic model tests and numerical calculations to support the design and development of ships and offshore structures.

4. Modern seakeeping test facilities can determine RAO statistics with the aid of appropriate computer hardware and software in a single test.

5. A maneuvering and seakeeping basin is a test facility that is wide enough to investigate arbitrary angles between waves and the ship model.

6. The ship model basins worldwide are organized in the International Towing Tank Conference to standardize their model test procedures.

VI. Translate the text: “Ship grounding”

Ship grounding is a type of marine accident that involves the impact of a ship on the seabed, resulting in damage of the submerged part of her hull and in particularly the bottom structure, potentially leading to water ingress and compromise of the ship's structural integrity and stability. Grounding induces extreme loads onto marine structures and is a marine accident of profound importance due to its impact:

• The environmental impact, especially in the case where large tanker ships are involved.

• The loss of human life.

• Financial consequences to local communities close to the accident.

• The financial consequences to ship-owners, due to ship loss or penalties.

The grounding, depending on the maneuvers of the master before the impact, may result in the ship being stranded. Depending on the nature of the relief of the seabed at the location, i.e. being muddy or rocky, different measures have to be taken to release the ship and carry it to a safe harbor.