VIII. Translate the text “a jackline”

A jackline is a rope or wire strung from a ship's bow to stern to which a safety harness can be clipped, allowing a crewmember to move about the deck safely when there is risk of falling or being swept overboard. They are usually attached to strong padeye or cleat fittings at both ends of the boat, allowing the crewmember to move fore and aft by sliding their harness' clip along the line. Jacklines may be made of wire or low-stretch rope. More recently, sailors are using high strength nylon webbing. The reason is that flat webbing does not roll under foot while working on deck. This reduces the hazard that can be created by using rope. The image to the right shows the traditional steel wire jackline and the image below shows an example of a more modern jackline made of flat nylon webbing.

IX. Retell the text “Capstan” unit 11. Winch

I. Words and word combinations to be remembered:

a winch – лебедка

to wind up – наматывать

to wind out – разматывать

wire cable – стальной трос

a spool – катушка, бабина

tow trucks – эвакуатор

an internal combustion drive – привод внутреннего сгорания

a solenoid brake – соленоидный тормоз

ratchet and pawl device – храповой механизм

halyard – фал

a stripper – стриппер

II. Read and translate the following text:

A winch is a mechanical device that is used to pull in (wind up) or let out (wind out) or otherwise adjust the "tension" of a rope or wire rope (also called "cable" or "wire cable"). In its simplest form it consists of a spool and attached hand crank. In larger forms, winches stand at the heart of machines as diverse as tow trucks, steam shovels and elevators. The spool can also be called the winch drum. More elaborate designs have gear assemblies and can be powered by electric, hydraulic, pneumatic or internal combustion drives. Some may include a solenoid brake and/or a mechanical brake or ratchet and pawl device that prevents it from unwinding unless the pawl is retracted.

Fig.10. Anchor winch

The rope is usually stored on the winch, but a similar machine that does not store the rope is called a capstan. When trimming a line on a sailboat, the crew member turns the winch handle with one hand, while tailing (pulling on the loose tail end) with the other to maintain tension on the turns. Some winches have a "stripper" or cleat to maintain tension. These are known as "self-tailing" winches.

The earliest literary reference to a winch can be found in the account of Herodotus of Halicarnassus on the Persian Wars, where he describes how wooden winches were used to tighten the cables for a pontoon bridge across the Hellespont in 480 B.C.

The largest electric drive winch in the world is placed on the Balder, a construction ship. It is used as a Mooring Line Deployment Winch with a diameter of 10.5 meter.

III. Answer the following questions:

1. What is a winch?

2. What does a winch consist of?

3. How can the spool be called?

4. How can elaborate designs be powered?

5. What do some winches include?

6. Can you describe the mechanism of trimming?

7. When can the earliest literary reference of a winch be found?

8. The largest electric drive winch in the world is placed on the Balder, isn’t it?