3. Answer questions to the text. Make up a dialogue on the basis of this information.

1. What are the main industries of the Republic?

2. What economic regions is the republic divided into?

3. What giant represents the old industrial Northwest region? What does it produce?

4. What are the main industries of the new industrial Northeast region?

5. What is KamAZ? Where is it located? What are the main oil-producing towns?

6. What parts of the Republic are known as rural agricultural regions?

7. What are the main grain crops of the Republic?

8. What can you tell about the foreign relations of Tatarstan?

9. What are the main export products of the RT?

LANGUAGE SKILLS: EXPRESSING OPINIONS. AGREEING & DISAGREEING

A. Make up short dialogues expressing your opinion, agreeing or disagreeing. Use the prompts given below.

e.g. I believe that oil made our Republic well-known all over the world.

There may be something in what you say but there are also other things that contributed to the fame and well-being of the Republic.

Prompts: knowing foreign languages; making friends when travelling; studying in a foreign country; making Tatarstan a tourist attraction; trying new cuisine; investing in new technology.

2. Work in pairs. Write down 3 true and 3 false statements about the Republic of Tatarstan using the information from the text. Read the statements to each other, and agree or disagree with them using expressions from the Language skills box above.

GRAMMAR: PASSIVE VOICE

1. Open the brackets.

Present Simple am/is/are +Ved/V3	Applicants (shortlist) and (interview). Modern production (characterize) by the high level of automation. Jobs (create) where society needs them.
Past Simple was/were+ Ved/V3	Help (give) to small farmers. Many enterprises (set up) in 1990s.
Present Perfect Simple has/have been + Ved/V3	The agreement (sign) by our countries. The problems (solve) immediately.
Modal verbs can/may/must/ be +Ved/V3	The data (can/regard) as conclusive. Preparation for the project (must/ complete) this week. This (may/call) a local problem.
Future Simple will be + Ved/V3	New laboratory (provide) with the most modern equipment.
Future Perfect will have been + Ved/V3	About a quarter of all electricity (generate) by atomic power plants.

B. Find passive forms in the text about Tatarstan and analyse their tense form.

C. Rewrite the sentences in passive voice.

1) We have cancelled the meeting. 2) We asked Mrs. Fry to chair the meeting. 3) She pays a lot of money. 4) They should not interrupt production at any other time. 5) Management makes the conditions more comfortable for workers. 6) The government increased workforce dramatically.7) Investors put a lot of money into production.

D. Put the verbs in brackets into passive voice.

1. After the Russian revolution of 1905 Tatars (to allow) to revive Kazan as a Tatar cultural center.

2. The city has a beautiful citadel, which (to declare) the World Heritage Site in 2000.

3. In the beginning of 1990s most of Central Kazan (to cover) by wooden buildings, usually consisting of two floors.

4. Kazan State University (to establish) in 1804.

5. Russian and Tatar languages widely (to speak) in the city.

6. Kazan (to serve) by Kazan Airport, which (to locate) approximately 30 kilometers from the city centre.

7. Until recently there was Kazan-2 Airport at the eastern end of the city, but it (to pull down) as a new hippodrome (to build) in its place.

8. Information on the efficiency of those enterprises (to require).

9. The irrigated lands (to saw) mostly with cotton.

10. The desire to expand friendly ties (to express) by both sides.

WRITING: MAKING UP AN ITINERARY

• An itinerary is a detailed list of what you will be doing and where you will be while you are away. It includes information about transportation methods, places you will be staying, attractions you will be visiting, meetings you will be attending. Be sure to include names, addresses and any other contact information you have. Take a copy with you and leave one at your office and with family and friends.

• Read the step-by-step guide on making an itinerary:

  • Choose where you are going to go on holiday, i.e. Moscow, Yelabuga, Naberezhnye Chelny, New York, London, etc.

  • Find some information about amazing sites, places to visit, things to do.

  • Write all of the places down and choose which one best suits you and your fellow traveller (some may prefer to visit historical sites, others may want to visit shopping malls).

  • After you have chosen where you want to go, choose the type of transportation you are going to get around, i.e. car, taxi, train, plane, bus, boat, etc.

  • Consider an appropriate place to stay, i.e. hotel, hostel, motel, house, etc.

  • Group all of the information you have gathered, now you are ready to write down an itinerary.

A. Write an itinerary for a business trip of your partner who is in oil business. You may wish to include all oil-extracting cities of Tatarstan. Don’t forget about an entertainment programme. Use the example below.