5. Find and learn Russian equivalents for the following words and expressions:

1) numerical value
2) decimal digit
3) binary number system
4) bundled together
5) accented characters
6) carriage return (CR)
7) uppercase character
8) prefix
9) zettabyte
10) petabyte
11) hexadecimal

6. Find and learn English equivalents for the following words and expressions:

1) указатель места заполнения, структурный нуль
2) степень десятки
3) в квадрате
4) десятичная система счисления
5) стандартный набор символов ASCII
6) взаимно однозначное соответствие
7) перевод строки
8) нижний регистр
9) двоичный умножитель
10) приставка, обозначающая квинтильон, или 2 в степени 60
11) септибайт единица ёмкости памяти, равная 1024 секстибайт или 2 в степени 80

KEY CONCEPTS

ASCII character set

Acronym for American Standard Code for Information Interchange. 128 characters that make up the ASCII coding scheme.

binary

Consisting of only two integers, 0 and 1. Binary math is the basis for manipulating all data in computers.

binary number system

A method of representing numbers in which only the digits 0 and 1 are used. Successive units are powers of 2. Also called binary system.

carriage return

The operation that prepares for the next character to be printed or displayed as the first character on a line.

gigabyte

A unit of computer memory or data storage

capacity equal to 1,024 megabytes (2³⁰ bytes).

line feed

The operation that prepares for the next character to be printed or displayed on the next line.

megabyte

The prefix mega- often does not have its standard scientific meaning of 1,000,000, but refers instead to the power of two closest to 1,000,000, which is 2²⁰, or 1,048,576. The calculation of data storage capacity (measured in bytes) is based on powers of two because of the binary nature of bits (1 byte is 8, or 2³, bits). Thus, a megabyte is 1,048,576 bytes, although it is also used less technically to refer to a million bytes. Other numerical prefixes are interpreted similarly. With data transmission rates (measured in bits per second), a bit is considered as a signal pulse, and calculations are generally based on powers of ten. Thus, a rate of one megabit per second is equal to one million bits per second. However, in certain technical contexts, megabit can also refer to 1,048,576 bits.

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A symbol in a logical or mathematical expression that can be replaced by the name of any member of specified set.

! Study the following sentence: Assuming that we are going to represent the concept of "raised to the power of" with the "^" symbol …

Present Participles (verb +ing) describe what something or somebody is.

Past Participles (verb +ed/V3) describe how someone feels.

! Most past participles have passive meaning and can often be used as adjectives before nouns, or after be and other linking verbs, e.g. measured bytes = (bytes that have been measured, accented symbol = (symbol that have been accented)

! An –ing/ed forms with an object can be used as an adjective. Note the word order, e.g. contact-logging tool, a room-sized computer

! Used like adjectives or adverbs have similar meaning to active verbs, e.g. floating databases = (databases that float)

! We often use participles after nouns in order to define or identify the nouns, in the same way as we use identifying relative clauses, e.g. We couldn't agree on any of the trials presented. = (trials that were presented)

! A few past participles can be used as adjectives with active meaning, especially before nouns, e.g. advanced agrotechnics = (agrotechnics that have advanced to a high level, developed economy