5. Examples

! When writing essays/articles it is often better to support statements by giving examples. Phrases for introducing examples include: for instance/for example/ such as/e.g. / particularly/especially /A case in point (for single examples)

9. Use suitable example phrases to complete the following sentences.

1. __________, when simulating a single server queue, the following variables may be identified and characterized accordingly.

2. __________, a hydraulic system can be used as an analogue of electrical, traffic and economic systems.

3. Symbolic models represent the properties of the real-life system through the means of symbols, __________ mathematical equations and computer programs.

4. Deterministic models are models which do not contain the element of probability. __________ are: linear programming, non-linear programming and dynamic programming.

5. __________ is Newtonian physics, which is highly useful except for the very small, the very fast, and the very massive phenomena of the universe.

6. Computer modeling, __________ in maintaining budgets and schedules on today’s complex facilities, is very important.

7. His principal efforts entail physics based computer modeling, particularly in the areas of atmospheric radiative scattering in application to remote aerosol properties retrieval… .

6. Generalisations

! In written work generalisations are very useful because they can be used to present complex ideas or data in a simple form. There are two ways of making a generalisation:

a) Using the plural: Lambert’s model for body reflection is useful in computer graphics.

b) Using definite article and the singular: The model for body reflection is a useful model. (less common/more formal)

It is better to avoid absolute phrases such as women are cleverer than men.

Instead use more cautious phrases such as women tend to be cleverer than men or most women are more intelligent than men.

NB! When making generalisations it is easy to over-generalise, using inadequate data.

10. Write generalisations on the following topics.

1. computer/ simulation _______________________________________________________

2. computer animation/generate images___________________________________________

3. Precautionary principle/states _________________________________________________

REFERENCES, USEFUL LINKS AND FURTHER READING

1. Academic Writing’, by Malashenko, Elena, 2007.

2. Computer Simulation Techniques: The definitive introduction! by Harry Perros Computer Science Department NC State University Raleigh, NC, 2009.pp.4-11.

3. Joslyn, C. and Rocha, L. (2000). Towards semiotic agent-based models of socio-technical organizations, Proc. AI, Simulation and Planning in High Autonomy Systems (AIS 2000) Conference, Tucson, Arizona, pp. 70-79.

4. http://www.csd.cs.cmu.edu/research/areas/scicomp/

5. http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/08/120812223917.htm

http://www.business-standard.com/generalnews/news/nowcomplete-computer-modelan-organism-to-cure-diseases/35290/