66. The form and the types of the state territorial system.

The form of government - how the territorial organization of the State or States that form the alliance. Also enshrined in the Constitution the way the relationship of the state and its component parts (areas), which characterizes the territorial organization of state power. Do not refer to the forms of government inter-state associations, community and the community of nations ...

To date, released three basic forms of government:

A unitary state - a simple, unified state, which is characterized by lack of administrative-territorial units signs of sovereignty. There are centralized and decentralized unitary state, with the presence or absence of autonomous entities.

Federation - a complex, federal state, parts of which are public entities with a certain state sovereignty. Is based on the distribution of control functions between the center and the federation.

Confederation - a temporary union of states, created to achieve political, economic, cultural and other purposes. Do not have an independent sovereignty, there is no unified system of law.

67. The contract of purchase-sale

The sale contract - a contract under which one party (the seller) agrees to transfer the thing (product) in the ownership of the other party (the buyer), and the buyer agrees to accept the goods and pay him a sum of money (price) Sale and Purchase Agreement provides the persons who signed it, the mutual rights and obligations.

The sale contract is a two-way, can be very consensual.

The seller may not be the owner of the goods.

The contract of sale is one of the most important traditional institutions of civil law which have a long history of development. Already in the classical Roman law is emerging as a consensual contract emptio-venditio. It refers to a contract whereby one party - the seller (venditor) shall provide the other party - the buyer (emptor) thing, a commodity (Tegh), and the other party - the buyer agrees to pay the seller for a specified thing money price (premium). Roman law had been known to contract for the sale of future crops, used in such cases the contract for the sale or expected future things (mei futurae sivi speratae), and the sale was considered a perfect condition precedent. The contract of sale could be subject to its incorporeal thing as (res incorporales), that is a property right (the right to claim the right of usufruct, etc.).

68. The especial features of labour activities of minors

For persons aged 16-18 years reduced set 36-hour working week. Limited to the employment of children when moving heavy objects, and if the work is connected with the transfer of weight, the weight of cargo should not exceed 4.1 kg.

Lower efficiency and productivity, the development at an earlier date uncompensated fatigue, a significant frequency of violations in the implementation of specific functions are grounds for inclusion in the classification of the severity and intensity of labor These grades are set on the effects of microclimate, chemical effects of noise and vibration.

69. The form and the types of state rule.

Form of government - a form element of the state, which defines a system of organization of the supreme bodies of state power, the order of their education, terms of activity and competence, as well as the order of interaction of these bodies between themselves and with the public, and the degree of popular participation in their formation [1].

The form of government in the narrow sense - it is actually an organization of higher bodies of state power (the way the organization of the supreme power in the state).

The form of government in the broadest sense - is the way the organization and interaction of all the organs of the state.

The monarchy - a form of government where the supreme power is vested in the sole head of state - a monarch who has inherited the throne and is not responsible to the public.

The distinguishing features of the monarchy

The sole head of state is the monarch, who gets his power by inheritance;

Monarch legally irresponsible (to remove the monarch from power is impossible).

Republic - a form of government in which supreme bodies of state power are elected by the people or agencies formed by special representative for a certain period of time and are fully responsible to the electorate.

The distinguishing features of a republican form of government

There is always some higher authority, with powers divided between them in such a way that a body independent of the other (the principle of separation of powers);

Head of State is the President who shall exercise their authority on behalf of the people;

The highest authorities and officials are accountable to the public, which can be expressed as follows:

They are elected for a fixed period, after which the authority may not be renewed;

possible early termination of powers.