83. The amnesty and the legislative pardon(legislative clemency).

Amnesty- is an act of grace concurred in by the Legislature, usually extended to classes of persons who committed political offences which puts into oblivion the offense itself.

Pardon – act of grace which exempts individual on whom it is bestowed from punishment which the law inflicts for a crime he has committed.

Amnesty covers all political offenses, granted only to classes of persons, a public act to which court may take judicial notice, it looks backward and puts into oblivion the offense itself and may be granted even before trial while, pardon covers an infraction of peace/common crimes, granted only to individuals, does not require concurrence of Congress, private act which must be pleaded and prove, looks forward and relieves the pardonee of the consequences of the offense, and can be granted only after conviction.

84. The notion and the types of the time for rest in labour law.

A rest-time is certain as time during that a worker is free of execution of labour duties and that he can use at own discretion. ".In those cases, when the representatives of employer charge to the worker implementation of some work in the period of the use to them spare from the visit of organization time, the indicated period is subject to plugging in business hours, coming from the amount of the clock expended by a worker on implementation of incumbent an employer work. A circumstance characterizing a legal concept "Rest-time" is the use of the periods included in him a worker at own discretion. This circumstance is confirmed by absence of obstacles for disposing of worker free of execution of labour duties time at own discretion.To the types of rest-time attributed: 1) interruptions during a working day(changing); 2) daily(междусменный) rest; 3) week ends(weekly continuous rest); 4) festive days-off; 5) vacations.

85. The requirement to the person, who wants to become a judge. In order to become a judge in Ukraine, one must be 25 years old. Newly inducted judges are appointed by the President of Ukraine and serve for five years. Afterwards, judges are elected for life by the Parliament of Ukraine. Judges are not elected by the citizenry as practiced in many western countries. The judicial branch of power in Ukraine is not completely independent. To detain or arrest a judge, special permission by the Parliament of Ukraine is needed.[citation needed]

A judge shall not refer to political parties and trade unions, as well as participate in any political activity, have representative mandate, occupy any other paid posts, or do any other paid work except that which is scientific in nature, teaching or creative value. According to the law, a judge, while executing justice, shall follow the Constitution and the laws of Ukraine and shall ensure full, thorough and objective consideration of the cases adhering to the terms set by law. They are also obliged to take measures concerning prevention of unauthorized dissemination of the information the state and/or commercial entity considers secret or is confidential and became known to him/her in the process of doing official duties. Moreover, the Law requires a judge to refrain from the actions that defame a judge and may cause doubt that she/he is objective, as well as unprejudiced and independent.