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16 Put the verbs in brackets into the correct form.

  1. The storm destroyed the sandcastle that we _______ (build).

  2. He ________ (not/be) to Cape Town before 1997.

  3. When she went out to play, she _______ (do/already) her homework.

  4. My brother ate all of the cake that our mum _______ (make).

  5. The doctor took off the plaster that he ________ (put on) six weeks before.

  6. The waiter brought a drink that I ________ (not/order).

  7. I could not remember the poem we ________ (learn) the week before.

  8. The children collected the chestnuts that _________ (fall) from the tree.

  9. _________ (he/phone) Angie before he went to see her in London?

  10. She _______ (not/ride) a horse before that day.

17 Read the situations and write sentences from the words in brackets.

  1. There was nobody at the platform. (the train / just / leave)

  2. We didn’t find anybody at home. (everybody / already / go home)

  3. The children were playing in the garden. (they / just / come / from school)

  4. Bob wasn’t at home when I arrived. (he / arrange / to meet / some friends / at the club)

  5. I couldn’t recognize the child after all that time. (I / not / see / her / for seven years)

  6. The house was larger. (Mike / build / the third storey)

  7. Mr. Smith didn’t work at the bank anymore. (he / retire)

  8. Tom couldn’t wait to get to the sea. (he / never / be / there / before)

18 Based on the example sentence (1), complete the second sentence by filling in the gaps.

  1. First, we ate at the cafeteria. Then, we went to class. - After we had eaten at the cafeteria, we went to class.

  2. First, Juan made himself a sandwich. Then, he poured some tea. After Juan __________ himself a sandwich, he __________ some tea.

  3. First, Gunawan plugged in the headphones. Then, he played a CD. Before he __________ a CD, Gunawan __________ in the headphones.

  4. First, Soriah fed the cat. Then, she called her mother.

Soriah __________ her mother after she __________the cat.

  1. First, Marie did her homework. Then, she watched TV. Marie __________ her homework before she __________ TV.

19 Put the verbs in brackets into the most suitable form, the Past Simple or the Past Perfect.

  1. We hardly ________ (leave) town, when it ________ (begin) to rain.

  2. We______ (sit) down to the table only when all the guests _______ (arrive).

  3. No sooner he ______ (take) a drink himself, than Mrs. Fettle ______ (look) in.

  4. Presently the sound of voices and footsteps approaching along the terrace roused her from the dreamy state which she ________ (fall).

  5. She was a woman of nearly fifty who _______ (be) obviously pretty once.

  6. I _______ (leave) home at eight o’clock, but I _______ (not / go) far when I _______ (remember) that I _______ (forget) to lock the door.

  7. Scarcely I _______ (close) the door when a gust of wind _______ (open) it again.

  8. When I _______ (come) to see my friend, I _______ (find) him lying in bed. He ______ (look) very pale as if he _______ (be) seriously ill for a whole month.

  9. Within a week she_______ (know) the terrible mistake she _______ (make).

  10. I hardly _______ (be) there five minutes when Mrs. Brown _______ (come) in with the coffee.

PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS

had + been + verb + ING

We use the Past Perfect Continuous to denote an action in the past that was in progress up to or near a time in the past. It’s often used with for and since.

I had been living in New Zealand for fifteen years when I decided to return to Wales.

Ken gave up smoking two years ago though he’d been smoking since 1995.

Affirmative

Negative

Interrogative

I

had been reading

(‘d been reading)

I

had not been reading

(hadn’t been reading)

Had

I

been reading

We

We

We

He

He

He

She

She

She

It

It

It

You

You

You

They

They

They