XV. Use Present or Past Indefinite.

Dickens (to begin) to write when he (to be) very young. "The Pickwic Papers" (to be) his first novel. The history of the novel (to be) very interesting. One day they (to ask) him to write a text to some funny pictures. The pictures (to show) some Englishmen who (to belong) to a sports club. They (to like) to travel and (to go) in for different kinds of sports.

Dickens (to begin) to write. In the beginning it (to be) just a funny story, but very soon the readers (to see) how it (to grow) into a fine novel. When the first part of the novel (to be) ready, the artist suddenly (to die). The man who (to finish) the pictures (to be) H. Brown. "The Pickwick Papers" (to make) Dickens famous. People (to praise) both the author and the artist, the book (to be) a great success.

Readers (to find) the book very interesting and always (to laugh) when they (to think) of Mr. Pickwick's adventures."The Pickwick Papers" (to be) one of the best works in the history of English literature. Everybody who (to be) older than six (to enjoy) Mr. Pickwick's story.

XVI. Pronounce correctly.

nature, natural, to close, close, congress, to arrest, event, demand, experience, to expose, guilty, particularly

XVII. Read the following words, paying particular attention to the pronunciation of the letters and combinations of letters in bold type.

tame, sake, able, mat, sack, cottage, storage, guard, barn, parry, tarry, pass, mast, nasty, flask, bask, dare, scare, ray, bay, stairs, fair, tail, rail, bald, stalk, warm, false.

WRITING PRACTICE

XVIII. Draw your own family tree. Can you also write a short summary of your family background?

SPEAKING

XIX. Discuss in pairs. Student A- profile 1, see page 74, student B- profile 2, see page 76.

Lesson IX. Shopping for clothes

STARTER ACTIVITY

1. Do you like to go shopping? Why? Is shopping a boring necessity for you?

2. How often do you go to buy clothes?

3. Do you prefer to do your shopping at the small local shops or at the big stores, supermarkets? Explain your preferences.

4. Do you ever go to buy clothes at the market? Do you often buy things on sale?

5. Do you think that shop-assistants should act according to the principle "The customer is always right"? How should customers treat shop-assistants? Do you find that shop-assistants are, in general, polite and helpful? If not, why do you think this is so?

6. Do you like to go shopping alone or do you prefer to have a friend with you? Why?

7. Could you give some examples of how people in some parts of the world dress to suit the climate?

8. Why is it necessary to try on shoes before buying them? How many pairs of shoes did you try on before buying the pair which you are now wearing?

I. Read and translate the text.

ORIGINS OF JEANS

Jeans were invented in Genoa¹, Italy when that city was an independent Republic, and a naval power. The first jeans were made for the Genoese Navy because it required an all- purpose pant for its sailors that could be worn wet or dry, and whose legs could easily be rolled-up. These jeans would be laundered² by dragging³ them in large nets behind the ship, and the sea water would bleach⁴ them white. The first denim came from France ... hence the name denim. The French word for these pants was very similar to their word for Genoa; this is where we get the term 'jeans' today.

Jeans were developed in America in 1853, when Levi Strauss came to San Francisco to open a west coast branch⁵ of his brothers' business. One of Levi's customers was Jacob Davis, a tailor who frequently purchased bolts⁶ of cloth from the Levi Strauss & Co wholesale house. After one of Jacob's customers kept purchasing cloth to reinforce torn pants, he had an idea to use copper rivets⁷ to reinforce the points of strain, such as on the pocket corners and at the base of the button fly. Jacobs did not have the required money to purchase a patent, so he wrote to Levi suggesting that they both go into business together. After Levi accepted Jacobs offer, on May 20, 1874, the two men received patent from the United States Patent and Trademark Office, and the blue jeans was born.

Levis are known for their rugged construction and versatility⁸. Originally worn by miners, farmers, and cowboys, Levis are now worn in all walks of life.

1. Genoa [d enəuə] – Генуя (город и порт в Италии)

2. to launder - стирать

3. to drag – тянуть

4. to bleach [bli:t∫] – отбеливать

5. branch – филиал (здесь)

6. bolt – болт

7. rivet [rivit] - заклепка

8. versatility [vε:sətiləti] - разносторонность

How did we get the term ‘jeans’?

How did Levis develop jeans?

Do you wear jeans?

Do you think that wearing jeans is very convenient?

Can people wear jeans at every occasion? What about parties, theatre?