The Creation of a Laser for Cultivation of Microbiological Objects

Laser technologies and lasers as the tool of influence and study are widespread in material knowledge, chemistry, and medicine. Scientists and engineers are becoming increasingly interested in the potential of modern lasers and their use in biology, agriculture, and the food industry.

The aim of the project of Ukraine Biotechnology Group is to develop a lazer-fermenter for: a) cultivation of microbiological objects (bacteria, yeast, microalga, fungi) with physiological activity of starting cultures increased by several degrees, and on their basis; b) obtaining biosynthetic products of fodder, food and medical purposes: enzymes, biologically active additives, pigments and other practically useful substances.

Laser techniques have also found practical application in bio-technology, one of the most dynamically developing fields of activity. However, up to now this application was limited mainly by diagnostic systems. A number of research works by a principle “short-term irradiation of object – answer-back reaction” was conducted, in which the reaction of microorganisms to laser radiation was investigated and the presence of various biological reactions, a potential subject for photo-regulation, was shown for a wide range of microorganisms, including halobacteria, microalga, yeast and fungi.

The possible directed influence of laser radiation on the intracellular processes and biosynthesis regulation is due to the selective influence of monochromatic light on the photosensitive structures and photoreceptors in microbiological objects and intracellular processes in microorganisms with the participation of chromophore structures and exited particles (radicals, peroxides). An advantage of laser radiation is the chance to create high light brightness in a narrow range of wavelengths, not achievable with usual non-coherent light sources. Such properties allow us to speak of the possible realization of highly effective biotechnologies for reception of microbial cultures with high biological activity and increased extra- and intra-cellular contents of valuable biological products. At the same time the practical use of monochromatic light in biotechnological processes is limited by the absence of information precisely determining mechanisms of light action, and effective wavelengths and irradiation modes which take account of the specificity of modern methods of controlled cultivation and the reception of biosynthetic products in laboratory and industrial conditions.

D-GROUP

Exercise 12. Answer the following questions.

1. What is the aim of the project of Ukraine Biotechnology Group?

2. Where are laser technologies and lasers widespread?

3. What are scientists and engineers becoming increasingly interested in?

4. What was shown while carrying out the research works?

5. What chance is an advantage of laser radiation?

6. What are highly effective biotechnologies needed for?

7. What is the practical use of monochromatic light in biotechnological processes limited by?

Exercise 13. Say whether the following statements are used correctly (true) or incorrectly (false). Correct the false sentences. Use phrases given below.

That`s right I can`t agree with it.

Exactly That`s wrong

Quite so I don`t think so.

These tiny things never grow. – That`s wrong, they eat and grow, travel and multiply.

1. Scientists and engineers are becoming increasingly interested in the potential of modern lasers and their use in biology, agriculture, and the food industry.

2. Laser techniques have not also found practical application in bio-technology, one of the most dynamically developing fields of activity.

3. The application was not limited mainly by diagnostic systems.

4. A number of research works by a principle “short-term irradiation of object – answer-back reaction” was conducted.

5. An advantage of laser radiation is the chance to create small brightness in a narrow range of wavelengths.

6. At the same time the practical use of polychromatic light in biotechnological processes is not limited by the absence of information precisely determining mechanisms of light action

Exercise 14. Discuss the problem.

Why and where lasers have found practical application.