Apimondia 2015 Abstract book (South Korea)

PBP-015

Schematic analysis of selection category of climate change indicator species of insect including pollinators

Chuleui Jung1, Jaewook Jung1, Seiwong Choi2, Eunsun Keum1

1 Andong National University

2 Department of Environmental Education, Mokpo National University, Republic of Korea

Monitoring communities of climate sensitive species, such as insects, could enable scientists to develop indicators for climate change effects on biodiversity and help devise policies to protect it. Insects are good climate indicators as their development depends on temperature. From the monitoring data, community index such as community temperature index could provide some trend of changes, but not with clear biological correlation. Thus the indicator species are sought. In Korea, several different administration agencies provided the list of climate change indicator species. We analyzed those lists based on the taxonomic group, distribution characteristics, lifehistory traits, overwintering phenology as well as easiness of monitoring, taxonomy and handing, and its flagship values. Further implementations of the finding were discussed.

PBP-016

Miniinventary of some Hymenoptera insects in a northern region of Tunisia

Haifa Boudegga1, Imen Rejiba2, Mohamed Ammar3

1 ISA CMTunisia

2 ISA-CH-tunisia

3 INAT-Tunisia

Natural environment is used as a repere where the diversity and abundance are optimal, to diagnose the farmlands and seminatural environment. In the order of Hymenioptera, a total of 36 genus were distinguished. in the suborder of Apocrita, we found three superfamilia: Vespoidea (fam:Scoliidae), Ichneumonoidea (fam:Broconidae and Ichneumonidae) and Apoidea. The analysis of the components of the landscape aims to understand the spatial conditions for the installation of flower-feeding insects and to understand which components are responsible of their diversity.

PBP-017

The critical role of bees in eco-farming systems

Kow Wie-Addo

University of Cape Coast, Gana

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Ecofarming or eco-agricultural systems attempt to solve the age-old problem of unsustainable farming that leads to the destruction of the ecosystem and the environment. The ecologically unfriendly farming practices lead in its wake the creation of “weeds” and “pests”; that make agricultural products very expensive and out of the reach of many consumers. The use of expensive agrochemicals for improving productions lead to the destruction of the environment and negatively affect the health of humans. Ecofarming will seek to harness the natural attraction of herbivores to plant and plant defenses to herbivory in a sustained ecosystem management farming practice. Since Ecofarming promote the natural ecological balance, the role of bees as pollinato rs will be crucial. The study will seek to find out which management practice will better ensure high productivity of Ecofarming: allowing the foraging of wild bees in the natural setting, or a conscious effort to manage bees by beekeepers in the farming landscapes to ensure effective pollination of crops.

PBP-018

Comparison of pollinating effects of B. terrestris using 2 kinds of pollen dispenser on kiwi flower in vinyl-house condition

In Gyun Park, Hae Chul Park, Seong Hyun Kim, Mi Ae Kim

To substitute for artificial pollination which is being used for pollination commonly recently in kiwi fruit, and improve the pollinating effect of kiwi fruit which is also being increased as high value added crop recently in Jeju island and south provinces of korea, 2 kinds of pollen dispenser, hand made pollen dispenser and Flying doctor® made by Biobest, designed for bumblebee hive were used in analyzing and surveying of foraging activities on kiwi fruit in Sacheon province. This study was conducted using only 1 species of pollinator, Bombus terrestris in vinyl-house condition. Species of kiwi fruit, red kiwi was used in this experiment. A number of out-going activity of Bombus terrestris released from hand made pollen disperser showed peak in AM, but Flying doctor showed peak from 11 AM to 13. PM. Pollinating ratio of Bombus terrestris was shown 100% in case of hand made pollen dispenser, but showed only 66% in Flying doctor. This results suggest that Flying doctor has so long and dark pathway that many bees can’t find the last exit in order to fly out for foraging to the flower of kiwi fruit. The first results of fruit set ratio showed 89% in artificial pollination and 84% in hand made pollen dispenser respectively, but showed 65% in Flying doctor. This result also suggest that dark and long lane of Flying doctor needs to be improved for bees to move easily to the last exit and fly out to the kiwi flower.

PBP-019

Effects of diet and carbon dioxide treatment on oviposition and development of bumblebees, Bombus ignitus, B. ardens and B. terrestris

In Gyun Park, Hae Chul Park, Seong Hyun Kim

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The characteristics of oviposition and development of B. ignitus with sugar solution are more effective than with acacia honey and mixed honey in case of oviposition rate and days for first oviposition. Oviposition rate of B. ignitus reared with Actinidia arguta pollen is highest with 35.0% and also higher than another pollen sources. Days required for first emergence of B. ignitus worker with sugar solutionis shortest. In the case of queen, sugar solution and mixed honey are shorter than another sugar sources. 90% of B. ignitus queens reared with 40% concentration of sugar solution laid eggs and 70% of the queens laid eggs within 20 days after mating. Sugar solution is more effective in oviposition ratio and preoviposition periods than Koppert honey(imported from Netherlands) and mixed honey. Survival rate and longevity of B. ignitus just after cold preservation being not treated with CO2 show higher values with 36.7%, 79.2days respectively than the other treatment.

PBP-020

The insect pollinators of Cypripedium japonicum Thunb., the endangered orchid in South Korea

Jongwoo Nam

Korea National Arboretum, Republic of Korea

Insect pollinators of the endanger orchid Cypripedium japonicum were surveyed during two years, as a part of a conservation project of the orchid at Jukyeup-san and Hwaak-san (Mt.), South Korea. In total 16 species in 4 families were identified and a dominant family was Halictidae. Among them Lasioglossum exiliceps Vachal was the most frequently visited species during the surveys. The average visiting frequency was 2.5 individuals per hour and the highest 4.3 from 12:00 – 13:00 in a day. After 15:00 insects did not visit the flowers at all. However, all of the visiting insects did not carry a pollinium or pollens of the orchard on their thorax; pollen carryover did not occur at all. The orchid seems to require certain pollinator species in particular body thickness due to its unique pollination mechanism. It was inferred that a pollen carrier should be around 1 cm in body thickness. Therefore, the candidate species as the proper pollen carriers might be Tetralonia nipponensis Perez, Xylocopa appendiculata circumvolans Smith and Bombus consobrinus Dahlbom among the surveyed visitors. To confirm this, we carried out an experiment for pollen carryover using Bombus terrestris, well over 1 cm in body thickness. We confirmed that B. terrestris successfully carried a pollen mass thinly spreaded on the dorsal surface of the thorax upon escaping from the orchid. Thus, we suggest that Bombus species can be used as pollinators suitable for a conservation project of C. japonicum.

PBP-021

Biovariety of nectariferous flora and productivity of movable pavilion apiary

Anatoliy Skvorcov1, Ivan Madebeykin2

During bee-keeper’s seasons 2012-2014 research in different terms of collection of honey in Chuvashia was conducted. Pavilion 2 with 20 bee families transported Yadrin district and pavilion 1 with the same it was left the number of families of permanent establishment. To beginning of transportation bee families of both pavilions

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were evened on principle of Parapalogov. Counts showed that in the radius of productive flight of bees of pavilion 1 grew 65 types of nectariferous herbs and pavilion 2 –172. As researches showed bee families of pavilion 2 collected commodity honey on 16,7 kg or on 185,6 % more than families of pavilion 1. Productivity of propolis difference of indicators were better – almost thrice. Bees of first pavilion got the infection from tick of Varroa Yacobsoni in 1.6 (or on 62,5 %) more than of bees second. It all goes to show that only at rich specific biovariety of nectariferous flora bee families are healthy and bee families can take the high crop of honey and propolis.

PBP-022

A review of diversity of insect pollinators in Korea

Sei-Woong Choi1, Chuleui Jung2

1 Mokpo National University

2 Andong National University, Republic of Korea

We reviewed insect pollinators visiting fruits and flowers in different orchards across Korea. The literatures published from 1986 to 2013 were checked and summarized. A total of 415 species in 115 families of 7 orders were recorded to serve as pollinators in 43 different fruits and flowers in orchards and wild field. The most diverse insect pollinators was the species of Hymenoptera (373 records), followed by Diptera (219 records), Coleoptera (111 records) and Lepidoptera (97 records). Among the plants, most pollinators were observed as visiting major fruits such as apple (290 records), pear (109 records), peach (81 records) and strawberry (40 records). Meanwhile the insect pollinators on wildflowers were rarely recorded except an exotic herb, Erigeron annuus (31 records). The role of insect pollinators in diverse ecological systems including agriculture is increasing in terms of ecology and economy. Here we have reviewed the diversity of insect pollinators, but we need more detailed research on diversity of pollinators and biological interactions between plants and pollinators in different ecosystems.

PBP-023

New varieties “Yuni” and “Jini” with early and late flowering from black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.)

Kyu-Suk Kang, Kyung Joon Lee, Hyun Seok Kim, Soon-ho Kwon, Ji-min Park

Seoul National University, Republic of Korea

Black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia) has about 20 species in the World and introduced to Korea in late 19th century. It has been planted in Korea to produce woods, fiber, honey and forage. In order to select early and late flowering trees of black locust, four cultivars from Hungary and one cultivar from China were introduced and propagated by seeds. For domesticated trees, 63 cultivars from 10 locations in Korea were selected and propagated by root cutting. The trees propagated by root cutting showed higher percentage of flowering individuals than the trees propagated by seeds under two and three years old. The prediction of flowering period by accumulated temperature indicated that back locust flowered to a peak when accumulating daily maximum temperature reached 880 degrees Celsius and when daily mean temperature reached 450 degrees. When it was four years old, however, all trees flowered regardless of propagation method. Among Korean cultivars, all the cultivars from Ganghwa showed abundant flowering with highest nectar production that was 50% more than Hungary cultivar (Debreceni- 2). After the eight years of observations, two trees of Hungary cultivars and one tree from China were selected

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for early flowering. Meanwhile, one tree of Debreceni-2 and three trees from China cultivar were selected for late flowering. The selected trees flowered two to three days earlier or later than the average. It was thus possible to extend the flowering period of four to six days by planting new cultivars.

‘Yuni’ and ‘Jini” were designated as early and late flowering varieties.

PBP-024

Characterization of nest structure and foraging behavior of Xylocopa iris (Christ, 1791) (Hymenoptera: Apoidea:

Apidae)

Burcu Daer1, Ç idem Ö zenirler1, Kurtulu Ö zgii2, Nezahat Pnar Barkan1, Fatih Dikmen

3,

Kadriye Sorkun1, Ahmet Murat Aytekin1

1 Hacettepe University

2Eskiehir Osmangazi University 3 Istanbul University, Turkey

The carpenter bees, genus Xylocopa Latreille, of the tribe Xylocopini, include about 450 species in the world. However only nine or ten Xylopoca spp. are found in Turkey. Among them, Xylocopa (Copoxyla) iris (Christ, 1791) is one of the most common and abundant one distributed all around Anatolia. This species is primarily polylectic and displays subsociality. Likewise other carpenter bees, members of X. iris also build their nests in dead, usually decayed wood and structural timbers. In this study, two new X. iris nests were discovered in Eskiehir and Ankara (Turkey). Nest architecture and material were described. Furthermore, to detect the foraging plants of the captured female bees, pollen loaves of the nests and plant vegetation of the surrounding areas were investigated.

PBP-025

Aromatic profile of spontaneous Portuguese Lavender present in unifloral honey

M. Joao Sousa1, Luis Pedro2, Luis Nunes1, Paulo Russo-Almeida3, Miguel Vilas-Boas1

1 1Mountain Research Centre (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança

2 2CESAM Lisboa, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa

3 Laboratório Apícola - LabApisutad - Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), Departamen to de Zootecnia, Portugal

In Portugal, the production of unifloral honey of Lavandula spp, has been a success across the country. According to its origin, honey displays several characteristics that change with the geographic distribution of the Lavandula species. To understand these changes, a national survey, with the financial support of PAN 2014-2016, was began focusing on the aromatic profile of Lavandula. The plants were collect around the apiaries, and the geographic areas with the three wild species of the genus Lavandula where mapped all over the country (L. stoechas with the

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subspecies stoechas and luisieri, L. viridis L’Hér. and L. pedunculata Mill.). All the plant samples were botanically identified and a voucher kept in the Herbarium of Escola Agrária de Bragança (BRESA). The essential oils of these plants were analysed by GC and GC-MS after extraction in a Clevenger apparatus. The composition and oil yields were determined for all samples. The preliminary results show different volatile profiles for the two major species (L. pedunculata and L. stoechas) but also between the two subspecies: stoechas and luisieri. Compounds like trans--necrodol and cis--necrodol are only present in subspecies luisieri, while compounds such as borneol, tricyclene or linalool are present in all the Lavandula pedunculata samples. This type of Lavandula also showed the presence of trans-linalool oxide and -fenchyl acetate but only in the specimens collected on Northern Portugal. The identification of specific compounds in the aromatic profile of Lavandula species can be use in the future to differentiate between different Lavender honeys.

PBP-026

Anti-tyrosinase activity of acorn pollen and optimization of extraction condition using RSM

Seon Beom Kim1, In Pyo Hong2, Sang Mi Han2, Mi Kyeong Lee1

1 Chungbuk National University

2 Rural Development Administration, Republic of Korea

Bee pollen, a complex of flower pollen and nectar collected by honey bees, has been used as a functional products such as dietary supplement due to high content of phenolic compounds including flavonoids. In our present study, the extract of acorn bee pollen inhibited tyrosinase activity, a key enzyme in melanin synthesis. During development as products, extraction conditions greatly affect the biological activity and chemical composition. Therefore, optimization of extraction conditions for maximum tyrosinase inhibition was determined using response surface methodology of Box-Behnken design (BBD) with three-level-three-factor such as extraction solvent (50, 75 and 100% EtOAc in MeOH), extraction time (19, 31 and 43 h) and extraction temperature (10, 30 and 50). Regression analysis showed a good fit of the experimental data with F-value of 52.16 and p-value of 0.001 and showed the importance of extraction solvent for maximum tyrosinase inhibition with p-value of 0.001. The optimal condition was obtained as EtOAC concentration, 66.8 %, extraction time, 19.0 h, and extraction temperature 10.0 oC with 65.6 % tyrosinase inhibition. Further analysis of flavonoid content and tyrosinase activity in the extract prepared from different extraction condition in response surface methodology suggested the positive correlation of flavonoid content and tyrosinase inhibition with R2 of 0.176. Taken together acorn pollen is a promising candidate for decrease in skin hyperpigmentation and food browning. In addition, optimized extraction condition for tyrosinase inhibition will provide useful information for the development of acorn bee pollen as functional products [Supported by RDA through PJ010837032015].

PBP-027

The value of honey plants of Ligustrum japonicum Thunb. based on honeybee visit and nectar secretion characteristics

Moon Sup Kim, Hyeusoo Kim, Jeong Ho Song, Sea Hyun Kim

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Division of Special Purpose Trees, Korea Forest Research Institute, Republic of Korea

L. japonicum (Wax-leaf Privet, Japanese Privet) is native of Korea and Japan. It is an evergreen shrub or small tree growing to 2–5 m (rarely 6 m) tall. The flowers are white, with a four-lobed corolla 5–6 mm long and they are borne in clusters 7–15 cm long in early summer. The fruit is used in herbal medicine as a cardiotonic, diuretic, laxative and tonic treatment. Accordingly, this study was conducted to provide a basic data such as honeybee visiting and secreted nectar for possibility of development as a honey plant, L. japonicum in Jeonnam Wando Arboretum. The surveyed tree's flowers bloom and secrete nectar during 7 days in 2014. It is showed that more Apis mellifera visited flowers in priority than other pollinators, so the percentage of A. mellifera which visited flowers was 57%. In addition, number of visited honeybees per flowering lateral bunch can be assumed 173.8 honeybees for a day. Between visited number of A. mellifera and meteorologic traits (temperature, relative humidity) signified correlation, which mean that honeybee activity was influenced by temperature and relative humidity. Secondly, we found that both secreted nectar volume is more secreted in the morning. On average, volume of total and dry nectar secreted by nectary were 1.07 and 0.15 from one flower, respectively. Finally, the surveyed L. japonicum is considered as possible sub-honey plant because of its nectar volume and visited honeybee data.

PBP-028

The value of honey plants of Evodia daniellii Hemsl. based on nectar secretion characteristics and amino acid content

Moon Sup Kim, Hyeusoo Kim, Jeong Ho Song, Sea Hyun Kim

Division of Special Purpose Trees, Korea Forest Research Institute, Republic of Korea

E. daniellii Hemsl. is a native of Korea and southwestern China and is called on Korean evodia, bee bee tree or Tetradium daniellii. This species is a deciduous tree belonging to Rutaceae. This study was to analyze secreted nectar volume, nectar sugar content and amino acid in addition to estimating honey quantities that can ultimately reap in male and female flowers of E. daniellii. The peak blooming period of male flowers was on 24th to 26th July. On average, nectar was secreted in 2.73±0.73 from one male flower and nectar concentration showed 17.4%. The peak blooming period of female flowers was on 7th to 9th August. Nectar was secreted in 0.63±0.49 from one female flower and nectar concentration showed 25.7%, averagely. As results of correlation analysis between the meteorological factors and nectar characteristics, we found that both flowers’s nectar quantities and concentration were influenced by temperature and relative humidity. Sugar content was calculated at 48.0±5.2 per a male flower and 37.8±8.7 per a female flower, which mean that both values are not as different. At least, a male and female inflorescence could harvest 67.8 mg and 53.5 mg honey by the equivalent ratio. As results of amino acid analysis that Serine, Glycine and Alanine were more detected in male flowers, however Asparatate, Glutamate, Asparagine and Glutamine were more detected in female flowers.

PBP-029

Pollen analysis of honey samples collected from HakkariTurkey

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Deniz Canli2, Nesrin Ecem Bayram1, Kadriye Sorkun2

1Hakkari University, Yüksekova Vocational College, Hakkari 30000, Turkey 2 Hacettepe University, Faculty of Science, Biology Department, Turkey

Due to its geographical position, Turkey has a rich natural plant habitat with approximately 10,000 species, many of which not found anywhere in the world. Hakkari which neighbors Iraq and Iran is a province in eastern Anatolian in Turkey and has a rich plant habitat. In this study, it was performed the pollen analyses of two honey samples from Hakkari-Turkey. Samples were obtained from each beehive selected randomly from 2 different apiaries. . Honey samples were analyzed under the light microscope and the source of pollens was examined. According to the results of microscopic analyses, mostly identified pollen belong to the taxa of Apiaceae, Asteraceae, Boraginaceae, Carypohyllacae and Fabaceae families. Pollen of Astragalus spp., Centaurea spp., Echium spp., Gypsophila spp., Lotus spp., Pimpinella spp. and Trifolium spp. taxa were identified as secondary and minör in honeys.

PBP-030

Effect of Honeybee (Apis mellifera L.) Pollinator on Strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.) Production in the Greenhouse

Lu Mei Chun, Lin Meng Jin

Miaoli District Agricultural Research and Extension Station, Council of Agriculture, Taiwan

In order to investigate the efficiency of honeybee pollination on strawberry production, artificially and honeybee pollination were performed in this study. The fruit weight was increased 37.5 upon honeybee pollinator treatment. However, the seed number, misshapen fruit rate, fruit set rate, and the ratio of total soluble solids / titratable acid showed no difference. The peak of colony traffic and foraging activity was located at 10:00-12:00, which was influenced by temperature. The number of flowers visited by honeybee in 5 minute was 12.8 flowers on average. Although the pollination is not the essential factor for strawberry production, honeybee may play a critical role in strawberry productivity in the greenhouse.

PBP-031

Pollen spectrum of commercial honeys from Santarém, Brazil

Jaílson Santos de Novais2, Alcides Froes Dias Junior1, Chieno Suemitsu1

1 Universidade Federal do Oeste do Pará

2 Universidade Federal do Sul da Bahia, Brazil

We accessed the pollen spectrum of commercial honey samples from Santarém, Pará State, Brazil, in order to provide the botanical characterization of this product. Twelve samples were obtained from different local sellers,

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especially in street markets, and submitted to acetolysis procedure. Next, four slides were mounted with the pollen sediment and at least 500 pollen grains were identified and counted per sample. Results showed 31 pollen types related to 16 botanical families: Amaranthaceae, Araliaceae, Arecaceae, Asteraceae, Burseraceae, Commelinaceae, Cucurbitaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Fabaceae, Hypericaceae, Melastomataceae, Myrtaceae, Poaceae, Rubiaceae, Sapindaceae and Solanaceae. Fabaceae stood out from the other families due to the high number of pollen types identified (nine). In general, the samples presented from 5 to 19 pollen types each. Belluccia (Melastomataceae) was the only predominant pollen type (80,26% in the sample S8). According to the seller, this sample (S8) corresponds to a honey produced by a native bee species (Melipona sp., local name: "uruçu-rajada"). The pollen type Myrcia (Myrtaceae) was registered in 11 samples as important (3-15%) or important minor pollen (<3%). Otherwise, the pollen types Acanthospermum (Asteraceae), Protium (Burseraceae), Alchornea 2 (Euphorbiaceae), Senna 2 (Fabaceae), Miconia and Belluccia (Melastomataceae) and Psidium (Myrtaceae) figured out as secondary pollen (16-45%) in the studied honeys. These multifloral honeys reflect the rich Amazonian flora serving native and exotic bee species. The pollen analysis of honey contributes to certify the botanical origin of this product and supports studies on honey adulteration.

PBP-032

Antioxidant activity and total phenolics in pollens of 4 Quercus spp. selected from Korea

Sang-Urk Han, Youngki Park, Chul-Woo Kim, Sea Hyun Kim, Mahn-Jo Kim

Department of Forest Genetic Resources, Korea Forest Research Institute, Republic of Korea

In this study, We have analyzed the antioxidant activity and compared species differences in pollens of four Quercus spp. selected from Korea. We used pollens of four species selected Korea, Quercus variabilis, Q. acutissima, Q. mongolica, and Q. serrata. In this study, we evaluated antioxidative capacity and reducing power. The antioxidant activity was measured by the DPPH (1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) method and the reducing power was determined according to the potassium ferricyanide method. The contents of total phenol and vitamin C were also investigated. Among 4 species, the pollen of Q. acutissima had the highest antioxida nt activity (EC50 = 166.13ug/ml).

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Beekeeping Technology and Quality Commission

TQP-001

Comparison of the antioxidant contents between Longan honey and Trigona honey from Thailand

Chuleeporn Saksangawong1, Roongpet Tangrassameeprasert2, Bundit Tengjaroenkul3,

Anothai Trevanich4

The Longanhoney and T r i g o n a honey have been valued in traditional medicine. In this study Longan h o n e y samples (n=60) from Chiang Mai province (n=33) and Lamphun province (n=27) in the north of Thailand and Trigona honey (n=9) fro m Trat province in the east of Thailand were analyzed to determine their antioxidant properties. The Longan honey and Trigona honey had median phenolic content (296.55±74.80, 1485.05±20.60 mg/kg), free radical 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (95.37±30.15, 378.27±151.76 mg Trolox/kg), Ferric reducing antioxidant power (1500.00±549.01, 6116.67±1690.59 umole Fe(II)/kg), Trolox equivalent antioxidant activit y (149.16±47.80 , 512.46±175.30 mgT rolox/kg), and ascorbic acid value (98.46±52.30, 255.14±65.42 mg/kg), respectively. The Longan honey from two provinces were significant only for phenolic content (p<0.01) and ascorbic acid value (p<0.05). Whereas the honey samples from Chiang Mai province were higher value than honey samples from Lamphun province (p<0.05). Antioxidant activity was presented the high values in Trigona honey more than the Longan honey about threefold to fourfold from all methods were significance differences (p<0.001). Thus Trigona honey is a rich source of antioxidants in the human diet.

TQP-002

Bee colony temperature monitoring based on raspebrry Pi

Jurijs Meitalovs, Armands Kviesis, Aleksejs Zacepins

Latvia University of Agriculture, Latvia

The Application of Information Technologies in Precision Apiculture (ITApic; www.itapic.eu) project has been funded within the ICT-AGRI 2012 call for transnational research projects. This project proposes implementatio n of precision agriculture technologies and methods in the beekeeping. Project main goal is to identify different states of the bee colony using various colony monitoring methods, like temperature, sound and video. Constant and real time temperature monitoring of the bee colonies can provide a beekeeper with actual and timely data and information to help recognise various states of bee colonies: death, brood rearing, broodless state etc. Temperature monitoring can be done in various ways. Authors developed multi-node temperature measurement system for bee colonies online monitoring, which is based on Raspberry Pi microcomputer. System consists of two main parts – bee colony measurement node and remote server. Remote measurement node consists of Raspberry Pi and set of Dallas DS18S20 digital temperature sensors, which are connected via 1-Wire network. With software written in Python programming language data from sensors are

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