Apimondia 2015 Abstract book (South Korea)

for a long time because of long-term durability of fungal spores. In this study, the changes of Nosema spores in terms of storage situations under laboratory conditions were investigated. Honey bee samples that were collected from apiaries in 2011 were divided in two groups. One of these groups was used for preparing Nosema solutions with classical Nosema method and it was found Nosema spore density and identification of species. Nosema solutions were divided and stored at both -20°C and +4°C. The spore density was measured every year in the period 2011-2015. Other group of honey bee samples was also stored at -20°C and every year was used for Nosema spore counting. Furthermore, it was examined the infectivity of Nosema spores with solutions which obtained each year. According to results, when we compare the solutions annually, there is no change at Nosema spore density of the solution in -20°C and honeybee samples in -20°C. But reduction was seen at Nosema spore density of the solution in +4°C. Nosema spore infectivity tests revealed that infectivity of Nosema spore has not changed between 2011-2015.

BHP-018

Effect of a commercial protein supplement on the development of membrane peritrophic Apis mellifera

Pablo Jaquín Moja1, Paulo Damián Mielgo2, Sergio Barragán3, Marcelo Luis Del Hoyo2,

Patricio Vidondo2

1 School of Veterinary Science

2 Apilab srl

3 Private consultant

Peritrophic status membrane is a reflection of the vitality of the bee. Any situation that generates stress, will impact on this, reducing its thickness. One of these predisposing factors is nutritional deficiency. Protein supplementation is a key management tool to maintain the strength of bee colonies during periods of pollen shortage. The test objective was to evaluate the effect of a commercial protein supplement on the thickness of the membrane peritrophic. Groups of about 50 newly emerged bees were placed in experimental boxes and carried into incubator with controlled humidity and temperature. Two protein diets were fed: bread bee and commercial protein supplement; both with a crude protein content of about 22%. 3 replicates were performed by diet, in all cases the protein food and syrup 50% sucrose ad libitum. At 5th day test for extracting intestines bees (n=9 per treatment) were sampled. Histological sections of 5 µ m. thick were performed and stained with eosin / hematoxylin. 3 representative sections of each intestine were selected and each of these three thickness measurements the peritrophic membrane were performed. No significant differences (p = 0.0775) between the thickness of the peritrophic membrane bees fed with beebread (34.82 ± 7.40 microns) and fed commercial supplement (38.51 ± 11.05 µm). The peritrophic membrane is the first defensive barrier against microorganisms entering via the digestive tract, so its rapid thickening is essential to prevent parasitic infections as Nosema spp. Adequate protein supplementation help maintain the health of the colonies.

BHP-019

The "liver" of honeybee colonies, beeswax combs protects honey and avoids brood intoxication

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Ahmet Onur Girisgin3, Shimon Barel1, Haim Efrat2, Levent Aydn3

1Kimron Veterinary Institute, Israel

2 Ministry of Agriculture, Israel

3 Uludag University, Turkey

The beeswax play a major role in the protection against intoxication of honey bee colonies, by decreasing bioavailability of toxic substances into sensitive components of colony. Structure and chemical differences in bee product as beeswax, honey, pollen and propolis and the chemo-physical characteristics of each i.e. lipophilicity, polarity, density, fluidity and solubility, are the key for understanding the detoxifying process and colony defense system. The natural safety mechanism we found can be explained by the honeycomb structure, and the chemophysical characteristics of the beeswax. Distribution and accumulation pattern of toxic substances within the hive was demonstrated by using coumaphos as a toxic marker. We noticed a unique mechanism in hive functioning as the "liver" of honey bee colony, efficiently reduces the exposure of the colony to coumaphos and other toxic substances, such as pesticides and toxic metals. This mechanism enables honeybees to protect colony health and to maintain the bee product safe both for bees and human consumption. Our experiments with coumaphos (CheckMite, Perizin® ) clearly show strong correlation between concentrations of coumaphos in beeswax and toxic effects in brood, bees and Queen rearing. The ability of beeswax and honeycomb structure to efficiently absorb a variety of toxic substances, dilute and distribute the contaminants, on the big surface area of the combs, is a unique capability that enable honeybees to forage safely in unknown and risky environments. Cleaning of beeswax during the recycling procedures is very important and enables to eliminate the negative effect and potential risk of foreign toxic substances.

BHP-020

Evaluation of the Fluvalinate, Amitraz, and Formic Acid Efficacy in Control of Varroa destructor

Lu Mei Chun, Chen Chang Chang, Liao Chiu Hsun, Yan Chun Ching

Miaoli District Agricultural Research and Extension Station, Taiwan

Varroa mite (Varroa destructor) is considered a major threat to the apiculture industry in Taiwan. Synthetic acaricides and organic acids are widely applied for the control of varroa mite. However, fluvalinate is the only authorized acaricide for apiculture in Taiwan. In order to explore more available alternatives, the effectiveness of fluvalinate strip (5%), amitraz strip (3.33%), and 65% formic acid against varroa mite was investigated in the field from Nov 2014 to Jan 2015. The effects of chemicals against varroa mite were evaluated by mesh bottom board. The result showed the mite mortality of fluvalinate, amitraz, and formic acid was 57, 77, and 75% respectively. However, the effect of formic acid was variability, which might due to the dynamics of atmosphere temperature. The mite mortality between treatment duration (1 week and 3 weeks) of amitraz showed non-significant difference. This study represents that amitraz and formic acid would be potential alternatives for the control of varroa mite in Taiwan.

BHP-021

Pests and diseases of Apis mellifera L. in Bangladesh

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Mohammed Sakhawat Hossain1

1 Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Bangladesh

Three locations viz. Gazipur, Tangail and Shatkhira were surveyed to find out different pest and diseases of Apis mellifera in Bangladesh. One hundred bee hives from different locations were randomly selected and owners of the apiary were interviewed to know the pests and disease attack in their hives. Results revealed that Tropilaelaps mite, Tracheal mite, Varroa mites are the parasitic mie pest of A. mellifera. Wax moth, Small hive beetle, Ants and Phorid fly are the insect pest of A. mellifera. In terms of diseases Sacbrood, European Foul Brood, Nosema and punctured pupa diseases are present and affect honey bee health. The highest numbers (57) of bee hives were infested by tracheal mite. The second highest numbers (53) of bee hives were infected by nosema disease. Tropilaelaps mite was seen in 31 hives where as punctured pupa disease was observed in 27 boxes. Only 1 box was found to infest by bee parasitic fly, phorid fly. Beside these, bee eating birds and giant hornet were found as pests (predator) of honey bee.

BHP-022

Influence of L carnitine in sugar syrup on brood area, colony population, colony weight in honey bees

Shoeib Fouladian

Apiculture Science, Tehran University, Iran

Carnitine is a substance found in almost every cells, it is biosynthesized from the amino acids lysine and methionine. The compound plays a crucial role in energy production, as it is responsible for transporting fatty acids to the mitochondria. So In these investigation effects of different levels of Lcarnitine in sugar syrup on the rate of queen laying, colony population and colony weight in honey bee (Apis mellifera L.) were studied. Experimental colonies had the same age queens and the same population and fed with sugar syrup (50 percent sugar) in three levels 5, 10, 15 mg/L syrup–soluble Lcarnitine while the control group fed only with sugar syrup (treatment 1 control, treatment 2, 3 and 4, respectively 5, 10 and 15 mg/L Lcarnitine) were compared. In this experiment feeding colonies for 60 days in April and May (the first 45 days of feeding every second day and the other without feeding-period of 15 days) were done. The highest average brood area was in treatment 3 with 10 mg/L Lcarnitine while the lowest one was in treatment 1 (control).

BHP-023

Effect of sublethal doses of clothianidin on

Apis mellifera enzymes

Stephan Carvalho2, Jander Souza1, César Carvalho1

1 Federal University of Lavras

2 Federal University of Uberlândia, Brazil

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The goal of this study was evaluate the possible changes in the physiology of honey bee (Apis mellifera L., 1758) after the exposure to sublethal doses of clothianidin (CLO). Were assessed key enzymes as biomarkers of exposure: acetylcholinesterase (AChE), three isoforms of carboxylesterase (CaE-1, CaE-2 and CaE-3), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and glutathione S-transferase (GST). The crude extracts were obtained from adults and larvae (3rd and 4th instars) previously exposed (dermal) to the doses equivalent to 1/400 and 1/20 of LD50 (6.67 ng CLO/bee). Overall, our results show that CLO was able to modify the activity of all enzymes, for both larvae and adults and the all doses tested. For AChE, great changes were observed to 4th instar larvae reaching an increase of 46% on activity of treated groups as comparison with the control. The three isoforms of CaEs were also affected, being than the major modification occurred on adults and mainly with the CaE-1 isoform. For both ALP and GST, its activities were modified on adults when as taken as reference the tissue activity. When were expressed as specific activity, both ALP and GST from all honey bee phases and doses were modified by CLO. As these enzymes are crucial on individual physiology and development, anyone modification on its activities should be assessed in order to check the impact on honey bee health. Additionally, as physiology changes are the first modifications in the intoxication process, complementary studies are necessary to assess the long term impact on honey bee fitness.

BHP-024

Microbial factors in the survival of a Swedish Varroaresistant honeybee population

Srinivas Thaduri

Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Sweden

Apart from producing honey and other bee products, honey bees play a vital role in pollination and food production. Approximately, 35% global food production depends on the insect pollination and of those crops, 90% is performed by managed honey bees. Honeybee colonies are in decline causing economic and ecological consequences for agricultural crop production and natural plant biodiversity respectively. The parasitic mite Varroa destructor in combination with viruses it transmits is main responsible for honeybee colony losses worldwide, and has been responsible for the nearly complete eradication of wild and feral honeybee populations since its introduction to European honeybees 30 years ago. However, there are a number of feral honeybee populations world-wide that manage to survive long-term without Varroa control. The best studied of these is on Gotland, which was established as an experiment 15 years ago. Central to colony survival, particularly during winter or other long brood-less periods, is the health and longevity of its adult bee population. Recent studies show a major difference between Gotland’s Varroasurviving ‘Bond’ bees and non-resistant bees in the levels of certain pathogens, which manifests itself increasingly towards autumn. This is when the winter bees are produced whose primary role is to survive winter and re-start the colony the following spring. My project explores the possibility that the longevity of individual (winter) bees may be a key component of the Varroasurvival of colonies, and that this is affected by the honeybee microbial community, including pathogens.

BHP-025

Simultaneous detection of Ascosphaera apis, Nosema ceranae, Nosema apis and Paenibacillus larvae spores in bee products

393

Dejair Message3, Lubiane Guimarães dos Santos1, José Eduardo Serrão2, Marta Fonseca Martins4, Erica Weinstein Teixeira5

1 PPG Entomologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa,MG, Brazil

2 Depto Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, MG, Brazil

3 PPG Ciência Animal, Universidade Federal Rural do Semiárido, Mossoró,RN,Brazil

4 Lab.Genética Molecular, EMBRAPA Gado e Leite, Juiz Fora,MG, Brazil

5 Lab.Sanidade Apícola, Agência Paulista do Agronegócio(APTA/SAA), Pindamonhangaba, SP, Brazil

Honeybees (Apis mellifera) can be afflicted by various pathogens, among them P. larvae, A. apis, N. apis and N. ceranae. Honey, pollen and royal jelly are susceptible to contamination by these pathogens because they are stored in honeycombs or transferred by trophallaxis, besides others possibilities. The objective of this study was to propose a method to detect spores of these pathogens in honey, pollen and royal jelly directly by PCR. Samples of these products were sterilized and inoculated with different pathogen concentration, to test the method with different spore concentrations and respectively recovery rates, as well as different centrifugation speeds and times. The greatest detection sensitivity was obtained with centrifugation at 12,500 g for 40 min, of homogeneous aqueous solutions of 10 g of pollen, 5 g of royal jelly and 20 mL of honey, with volume completion of 45 mL for honey or 40 mL for royal jelly or pollen. The sediment from each tube was resuspended in 1 mL of sterile distilled water, with subsequent homogenization and centrifugation at 10,000 g for 20 min, after which the sediment was submitted to DNA extraction. The pollen samples were filtered using a vacuum pump. Monoplex and multiplex PCR confirmed the detection of the pathogens (25 N. ceranae or N. apis, 150 A. apis and 8 P. larvae spores). The standardized technique was able to detect the pathogens quickly, besides being inexpensive and practical, and can be used for sanitary control of bee products. Acknowledgments. This work was supported by FAPESP.

BHP-026

Use of Hopguard - a natural Varroa control

Max Watkins

Vita (Europe) Limited, England

HopGuard® is a new treatment for Varroa infestations, based on a natural plant extract of hops (Humulus lupulus). The product has been in use in The USA for three years and is currently under registration in Europe and in other Regions. HopGuard has shown good control of Varroa infestations and its safety and residue profiles make it an ideal biological treatment, suitable for use even during honeyflow periods. We describe here a number of studies conducted under different climatic and geographic conditions.

BHP-027

Controlling Varroa destructor with Apivar® (VetoPharma): results obtained in France, Autumn 2014 in high infestation context and comparison with efficacy results from FNOSAD France from 2007 to 2014

394

Benoit Siefert, Gael Charpentier, Ludovic de Feraudy

Vetopharma, France

A field trial was conducted in Chaillac 36310, center of France, with Apivar® for 10 weeks between 1st sept – 10 nov 2014 in 8 colonies. Control treatments were applied after treatment removal, then during broodless period. All hives were equipped with sticky board and mesh floor; varroa mites were counted regularly over all the period using the VarEval® device designed by ITSAP. On each colony, the commercial treatment APIVAR® , 3.33% amitraz in a strip form, was evaluated by hanging two strips in the broodnest. At the end of the treatment period, challenge treatments were applied with Ectodex® (amitraz 5%), 1.25 ml dripped onto sticky board positioned over the mesh, twice at 4-day interval after strips removal, then during broodless period with Oxalic acid (5 ml of solution with 42.5g OA dihydrate in sugar syrup 1:1 dripped between frames) on 22 dec 2014. Residual varroa mites were also collected on sticky boards and counted during all the control period. Varroa infestation levels were very high (mean 7,844 mites ± 4,780). Mean efficacy was 98.4% (all colonies presented an efficacy >95%) and mean residual varroa mites was 123 ± 134 (half of the 8 colonies presented <50 residual mites after a 10-week treatment). These satisfactory results, despite a huge initial infestation rate, are in line with those of the field efficacy tests performed annually since 2007 in France by FNOSAD, and they do not show any trend for reduced efficacy of Apivar® over now 20 years of use in French colonies.

BHP-028

Decision making between the nectar sites of variable quality in a social wasp, Vespula koreensis: comparison with honeybee colonies

Kil Won Kim

Incheon National University, Republic of Korea

There is a substantial gap in our knowledge of nectar collecting behaviors for social wasps in comparison with honeybees, ants and termites that efficiently select the best of an array of food sources. This study showed behavioral decision-making by nectar foragers of a social wasp, Vespula koreensis between food sites that varied in quality. A colony was installed in an artificial nest on an open field, and individually marked workers trained to forage at a feeder. For the experiment two feeders were placed away from the nest. The fructose concentration at each feeder was alternated between a high and low concentration relative to the other one. Arrivals and departures by foragers to the nest and feeders were synchronously video recorded. Individuals modulated foraging behavior when fructose concentration changed between the two feeding sites. The number of foragers visiting the feeders did not differ, but feeding time and visitation frequency increased at high-quality feeders. Foragers efficiently switched from one feeder to the other when the feeder they visited became less profitable. The low quality food site was not abandoned, but frequently monitored so that feeding resumed when sugar concentration increased. The time spent foraging per visit and the time spent unloading the nectar within the nest also changed with food quality. The food allocation of the yellowjacket colony was different from that of honeybees where the majority of the foragers are allocated to the high-quality source and few foragers visit the low-quality source.

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BHP-029

Measurement of deaths in Apis cerana according to the climatic condition:

A greenhouse experiment

Dae Geun Oh, Min Seok Choi, Baesung Kim, Kil Won Kim

Incheon National University, Republic of Korea

The Eastern honeybee (or Asiatic honeybee), Apis cerana is found throughout the tropical, subtropical and temperate zones of Asia. This wide range should lead to important variations among the bee’s geographical races

(Abrol 2013). A. cerana in South Korea, having received relatively little attention, should need to adapt its whole array of colony system to the climatic conditions of the temperature region. In this presentation we provide the mortality of A. cerana, measured in the net screened greenhouse (LxWxH : 16.5x6.5x4.5m) experiment, manipulating the climatic conditions: greenhouse air temperature and humidity, luminosity, internal temperature and humidity of the colony, and cloudiness, etc. We observed not much of mortality in this experimental manipulation, however the results showed little fluctuation in the number of death individuals according to the climatic conditions of the greenhouse and inside the nest. The sudden climatic changes should make stresses to A. cerana, although the colony occupies a large range of climatic zones in Asia.

BHP-030

An identification information sheet for the invasive hornet Vespa velutina (Hymenoptera, Vespidae) and possible areas of confusion with other wasp species

Claire Villemant4, Quentin Rome1, Moon-Bo Choi2, Young-Soo Choi3

1Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France

2Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea

3 NAAS, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju, South Korea

4 Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France

A collaborative work was conducted in 2013-2014 between the NAAS RDA (Jeonju, South Korea) and the MNHN (Paris, France) which focused on the invasion of the yellow-legged hornet Vespa velutina in both France and South Korea from the beginning of the 2000s. Vespa velutina is a bee-hawking hornet which shows an increasing impact on honeybee colonies in South Korea. Although nest destruction is the most efficient method to reduce hornet predation on apiaries, no method is currently available to easily detect the nests which are usually located in the crown of high trees. Citizen participation is thus necessary to help at detecting the invasive species. Such a survey through public warning is already performed since 2004 in France by the MNHN thanks to the INPN website (http://inpn.mnhn.fr). In the framework of the collaborative project and according to the leaflet made by the MNHN for France, a leaflet was produced in collaboration with the Kyungpook National University (Daegu, South Korea) with the aim at helping Korean citizen and beekeepers to recognize the invasive hornet while avoiding confusion with various other hornets and wasp species. Establishing in South Korea a citizen

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science program similar to that of France would help at monitoring the spread of Vespa velutina and detect as precociously as possible its potential introduction far from the invasion front, hence to help with planning dedicated control measures.

BHP-031

Analysis of volatile compound profiles involved in Apis mellifera hygienic behavior towards Varroa destructor

Ee Figini4, Mc Liendo1, Pc Fernandez2, I Muntaabski2, R Russo2, Mc Palacio3, Jl Cladera2,

Sb Lanzavecchia2, Ac Scannapieco2

1 Instituto de Genética Ewald A. Favret, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA) mcliendo@yahoo.com.ar

2 Instituto de Genética Ewald A. Favret, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA)

3 Unidad Integrada INTA-UNMdP- Balcarce, Buenos Aires, Argentina

4 INTA. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.

Varroa destructor constitutes one of the main problems facing the beekeeping. Apis mellifera displays a social health mechanism against brood diseases that consists in detect, uncap and remove dead or diseased brood from the hive (hygienic behavior). Previous studies showed that olfactory cues could be involved in the detection of diseased brood by worker bees. The aim of this work was to study the removal behavior of workers towards V. destructor infested-brood at different times, and to explore the volatile compounds associated. Newly-capped bee brood was artificially infested with one mite, and at different postinfestation times (60 h, 5 and 10 days) the number of infested brood removed were recorded. Non-infested brood cells were simultaneously analyzed as a control assay. In parallel, 25 control and infested honeybee larvae/pupae of each treatment were removed from the brood cells and their volatile compounds were analyzed by GC-MS. The percentages of infested brood removed were significantly higher for 5 and 10 days compared to 60h treatment. Differences between the chemical profiles obtained from infested vs control brood were found, particularly for 5 and 10 days treatments. We also detected differences in chemical profiles along infestation time. Our behavioral and eco-chemistry study evidenced that the olfactory cues are stronger as progressing the V. destructor reproductive cycle. These results will contribute with information towards a better understanding of the social mechanism displayed by worker bees against the mite, useful to honeybee breeding programs for the selection of Varroa-tolerant colonies.

BHP-032

Distribution of the mite Varroa destructor, parasite of honey bees, Apis mellifera adansonii in apiaries in Benin

Armand Paraiso2, Sarah Tamou-Tabe1, Roméo Ayeleroun2, Bienvenu Adjoha2, Franck

Akogbeto2

1University of Parakou, Faculty of Agronomy, Bee Pathology and Parasitology Laboratory, Benin

2University of Parakou, Faculty of Agronomy, Bee Pathology and Parasitology Laboratory, Benin

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In Benin, phenomena of weakening of apiaries causing loss of seed yield and considerable reduction of honey yield were observed. The objective of this work was to study the presence and distribution of Varroa destructor (Anderson & Trueman, 2000) in apiaries in Benin, and to assess the level of its parasitism on Apis mellifera adansonii. Therefor, bees from thirty apiaries located in the eight phytodistricts and three ecological zones of Benin were collected and studied. For the isolation of the parasite, honeybee samples were examined for external parasitic acari using the shaking method. The rate of infestation was then calculated. Variance analysis (ANOVA) was performed on the collected parameters, and, a Student- Newmans-Keuls test (SNK) was used to calculate means. Parameters were analyzed at 5% confidence intervals. The results of the study indicated that the mite is present in all visited apiaries. The parasitism rate on young workers ranged from 0.50±0.1% to 9.5±1.5%, compared to the average of 7.30 ± 1.89% in the cells of workers. Drone brood were more parasitized, and showed rates ranging from 10.5± 1.3% 35.0± 2.4%. Our study showed the wide distribution and parasitism by V. destructor in Benin, which certainly indicating its presence in other African countries, south of the Sahara. Future studies should focus on its impacts on bees and beekeeping. It’s quite urgent to take conservation measures for the protection of the diversity of bees. A call for collaboration with other laboratories is launched for global solutions.

BHP-033

Honey bee Apis mellifera adansonii susceptibility to fungicides, herbicides and insecticides commonly used in Benin

Armand Paraiso1, Franck Akogbeto1, Athanase Zoclaclounon1, Henry Tchibozo1, Franck

Sokenou1, Ambaliou Sanni2

1 University of Parakou, Faculty of Agronomy, Bee Pathology and Parasitology Laboratory, Benin

2 University of Abomey-Calavi, Benin

In Benin, producers treated their fields with different pesticides at inappropriate doses. However, the protection and the preservation of bees are a guarantee of sustainable agriculture. Facing poor practices in crop protection, what can be the consequences on the bees? The objective of this study was to assess the toxicity to honey bee Apis mellifera adansonii of some commonly used pesticides. To do this, bees were collected in apiaries and transported to the laboratory. Tested active ingredients were glyphosate, pendimethalin, chlorothalonil, carbendazin, and, the association of cypermethrin and dimethoate, at doses of 1.25 ng/bee; 3.3 ng/bee; 5 ng/ab; 10 ng/ bee; 20 ng/bee; 50 ng/bee; 100 ng/bee; 200 ng/bee; 400 ng/bee; 600 ng/bee 1000ng/bee or µ g/bee. Each treatment consisted of three replicates of 25 bees each. Before treatment, bees were anaesthetized with ether. The bees of the control treatment received a microliter of a suspension of water. The observations were made 24 h and 48 h after topical application. The results showed mortality rates ranging from 10.66 ± 0.8%, 24 hours after the test to 92.00 ± 2.7% for the lowest dose of the active ingredient glyphosate. Tested pesticides were all very toxic to bees, even at lower doses. Among the used pesticides, insecticide Cypadem was the most toxic. In the light of the importance of bees, it is urgent to establish good plant protection practices. Our next actions will focus on the sensitization of farmers on the impacts of the misuse of chemical pesticides on bees and pollinators.

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BHP-034

Recent advances of Vespa ecology with focused on invaded Vespa velutina (Hymenoptera) in Korea

Chuleui Jung1, Jaewook Jung2, Ohkwan Kwon2, Dongwon Kim3

1 Andong National University

2 Department of Plant medicine, Andong National University, Andong. GB 760-749 Korea

3Department of Bioresource sciences, Graduate school, Andong National University, Andong. GB 760-749 Korea

There is an increasing threat from Vespa hornets in apicultural and public domains. The species composition and seasonal pattern of Vespa hornets were monitored from diverse environmental habitats in Gyoungbuk area. Overwintered queens emerged and were trapped from early May until mid June followed by the workers from mid July with the peak activities in the late September. Vespa mandarinia, V. crabro and V. analis appeared early even in April, but V. ducalis occurred in mid May. Activity window was larger for those three species than V. ducalis. Population of an invasive alien species of V. velutina has expanded its distribution toward north. Landscape features such as the size of woodland and green area are positively correlated with the number of Vespa caught in the traps. For efficient and independent sampling, sampling range determined by variogram analysis showed 74 m for V. analis, 75 m for V. simillima, 89 m for V. ducalis, and 88 m for V. mandarinia, respectively. The variogram model analyses indicated that the sampling distance of each wasp should be separated at least 70 m. Radar tracking for the vespa nest are in development.

BHP-035

Acaricide efficacy of approved products for the control of

Varroa destructor in beehives of Apis mellifera.

Paulo Damián Mielgo1, Pablo Joaquín Moja2, Marcelo Luis Del Hoyo1, Patricio VIdondo1

1 Apilab srl

2 private consultant

The Varroosis caused by Varroa destructor affects bees in all stages. It is considered a pandemic causing massive losses, either by reductions in individual performances, or colony mortality. Due to their dynamic population and virulence applying acaricides treatments are necessary. The emergence of resistance to some acaricides synthesis generates global concern about the use of these molecules for the control of parasites. That is why, in this work we decided to evaluate two known synthetic acaricides efficiencies (Flumevar and Amivar500) to ensure the use of the same. Treatments consisted of two plastic strips of slow release for 45 days, inside containing the active ingredients and Amitraz Flumethrin, respectively. The obtained average efficiency was

96.21% Flumevar (± 1.72) and the Amivar500 was 99.38% (± 0.62). Under the conditions in which the test was carried on, we come to the conclusion that Amivar Flumevar and acaricide treatments demonstrated optimal efficacy against V. destructor. Both products have a strong acaricidal contact action, affecting mites found in phoretic state. Continuous release of active ingredients keeps antiparasitic action for 45 days. Since in this period 3 cycles of operculado met in beekeeping, mites emerge and are exposed to the action of the drug and so are eliminated. With these results the conclusion is that both products can continue to be used as an alternative in the control of this parasitosis, provided they are used in a rational and responsible way.

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