- •Балтийский федеральный университет им. И. Канта
- •В в е д е н и е
- •Cодержание
- •Received Pronunciation (rp)
- •Основы фонетики
- •Фонема и аллофон
- •Органы речи и их функции.
- •Классификация гласных и согласных звуков английского языка. Гласные
- •Coгласные
- •Различия английского и русского произношения
- •Транскрипция
- •Транскрипционные знаки
- •Позиционная долгота гласных
- •[Eə] – дифтонг. Ядро дифтонга [e] – краткий нелабиализованный гласный переднего ряда среднего подъема широкой разновидности. Из положения [e] речевые органы движутся к положению для артикуляции [ə].
- •Ударение
- •Словесное ударение
- •Ударение в многосложных словах
- •Фразовое ударение
- •Слабые и сильные формы
- •Семантическая функция ударения
- •Семантическая функция ударения проявляется также в словосочетаниях:
- •Слогообразование. Чтение английских гласных
- •Сводная таблица правил чтения гласных в четырех типах слога
- •Чтение гласных диграфов в ударном слоге
- •Сводная таблица правил чтения гласных диграфов
- •Чтение диграфов перед буквой r
- •Интонация
- •Rhythm practice
- •Intonation practice
- •Intonation scales
- •Tag questions
- •Practical tasks – Задания для самостоятельной работы
- •[ɪ] - [I:]
- •[E] - [æ]
- •[Ʌ] - [æ]
- •1. Practice this conversation.
- •1. The past tense of these verbs contains the sound [ɔ:].
- •2. Say these sentences.
- •[Ɔ] - [ɔ:]
- •[Əu] and [ɔ:]
- •[U] - [u:]
- •In groups, each person should choose something from the list below to give a new cook. Think of a reason for your choice. Then make conversations like one above.
- •In pairs, say which of these things you can do.
- •[Eə] and [eɪ]
- •[S] - [z]
- •2. Practice this weather forecast.
- •3. Say these pairs of words with [z].
- •[S] - [ʃ]
- •[ʧ] - [ʤ] - [ʒ]
- •Say [ʤ] (be careful not to mix the letter “j” [ʤei] with the sound [j]).
- •6 January 4 July 14 July 1 January 21 June
- •[Θ] - [s]
- •Say [d] at the end of words
- •[B] - [V] - [w]
- •[K] - [g]
- •[Θ] - [ð], [f] - [V]
- •[Ð] - [V] - [w]
- •Clusters Say clusters beginning with [s]
- •Say clusters with [f ], [θ] and [ʃ]
- •In groups, one student reads out the instructions. The others do the exercises! Say longer clusters of consonants
- •Linking of words (intrusive sounds) (стык согласного с гласным)
- •Link [p, b, t, d, k, g] to a following vowel
- •Link vowels [u:, au] to a following vowel
- •Link [f, V, ʧ, ʤ , w, s, z, θ] to a following vowel
- •Link [r] to a following vowel
- •Appendix Tongue Twisters
- •Список рекомендуемой литературы
[ʧ] - [ʤ] - [ʒ]
Practice this telephone conversation.
A: Leisure and Pleasure General Stores. Can I help you?
B: Good morning. There's something wrong with my television. Could you arrange to repair it?
A: How long have you had the television?
B: I bought it in January.
A: What's the problem?
B: The picture keeps jumping.
A: Just a moment. Our engineer is free on Tuesday, after lunch.
B: Could you manage something sooner? I want to watch television before Tuesday.
A: I'll put it down as an urgent repair. The engineer usually calls in at lunchtime. I'll try to catch him then.
Make similar conversations using the information from the report sheet below.
Leisure and Pleasure General Stores REPORT SHEET ON REPAIRS REQUESTED | |||
Item |
Problem |
Month of purchase |
Urgent |
TV |
picture keeps jumping |
January |
Yes - owner wants to watch it! |
car |
engine makes an unusual noise |
July |
Yes - owner is making a long journey next week |
watch |
got damaged - dropped on kitchen floor |
June |
Yes - owner is a teacher; needs a watch |
fridge |
it flashes when touched |
July |
Yes - switched off now; fridge is full of food |
washing machine |
nothing happens when switched on |
January |
Yes - owner has 5 children! |
[j]
Practice this conversation.
A: How do English universities choose students?
B: You usually apply to four universities. The universities may interview you. They usually refuse to take students who fail their end-of-year exams.
A: Have you applied for university yet?
B: Yes, and I heard from York University yesterday. I've got an interview next week.
Practice correcting incorrect statements. Notice how the voice falls to emphasize the correct information.
You usually apply to three universities.
No, you usually apply to four universities.
The universities must interview you.
No, the universities may interview you.
Now correct these statements.
B has not applied for university.
B has heard from Sussex University.
B heard from the university today.
B has got an interview tomorrow.
Say [ʤ] (be careful not to mix the letter “j” [ʤei] with the sound [j]).
Say these jobs.
judge jockey general baggage-handler carriage-cleaner messenger
Look at the list of workplaces below. Match each job with a workplace.
e.g. A judge might work in a courtroom.
Airport, racecourse, army headquarters, courtroom, office, railway station
These dates are days of celebration in some countries. Can you say what and where?
6 January 4 July 14 July 1 January 21 June
What do you think of when you think of these days and months?
e.g. 'When I think of July 4th, I think of fireworks'.
'When I think of June, I think of weddings'.
UNIT 36
[Θ] - [s]
Practice this conversation.
A: I think there's something wrong with me.
B: What's the matter?
A: I've got a sore throat.
B: That doesn't sound very serious.
A: My throat has been sore for three days. And I'm thirsty.
B: Well the weather is hot. I expect that's why you feel thirsty.
A: You're not very sympathetic. I'm thinking of going to the Health Centre. If there's anything seriously wrong with my throat, Doctor Throne will see to me.
B: I don't think it’s worth it. Doctor Throne will be less sympathetic than me.
Practice correcting incorrect statements. Notice how the voice falls to emphasize the correct word.
A has a sore thumb. No, A has a sore throat.
B is very sympathetic. No, B isn't very sympathetic.
Now correct the following incorrect statements.
His thumb has been sore for three days.
He feels hungry.
The weather is thundering.
A is thinking of going to the swimming bath.
B thinks Doctor Throne will be sympathetic.
[ð]
Practice this conversation.
A: Good morning, Mr Motherwell. What can I do for this morning?
B: Good morning, Doctor Wetherley. It's my breathing. I get this pain when I breathe in.
A: I'll listen to your chest. Breathe in, and breathe out. And again, breathe in, and breathe out. Keep breathing deeply.
B: Is there anything wrong with my chest, doctor?
A: No, I don't think so. Your breathing sounds fine. Have you got a pillow with feathers in it?
B: No.
A: Or any leather clothes?
B: I've got a new leather jacket.
A: That may be the problem. Leather affects some people like that. Get rid of your leather jacket, and think that pain will go.