Модальные глаголы и их эквиваленты.

Модальные глаголы обозначают не само действие, а указывают на отношение к нему говорящего.

глагол		значение	Present	Past	Future
Группа умений
can		уметь	Can	Could	-
be able to		быть в состоянии	She is able to come.	She was able to come.	She will be able to come.
Группа долженствования
must		обязан	must	-	-
must not		нельзя
have to		вынужден	He has to attend classes. (ему приходится…)	He had to attend classes. (ему приходилось)	He will have to attend classes.( ему придется)
be to		по плану, договорен-ности.	The lecture is to begin at 9	The lecture was to begin at 9.	-
should		совет упрек	You should help your friend.	-	-
ought			He ought to work harder.	-	-
need		нужно	You need not make the test.
Группа разрешений
may	можно		may	might	-
be allowed to	иметь разрешение		Students are allowed to use a dictionary.	Students were allowed to use a dictionary.	Students will be allowed to use a dictionary.

Упр. 40. Дополните предложения обстоятельствами времени. Письменно переведите предложения. Устно образуйте вопросительные и отрицательные предложения от данных.

1. We must do several exercises at home ._____________

_____________________________________________________________

2. He had to pass the examination in physics week.

______________________________________________________________

3. They will have to begin their work .

______________________________________________________________

4. The students were allowed to use their notes at the exam .

______________________________________________________________

5. … you will be allowed to go home immediately after classes._____________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

6. year she could speak French very well.__________________

______________________________________________________________

7. His father will be able to help him with his studies .

______________________________________________________________

8. term he was allowed to attend lectures on economics.

______________________________________________________________

9. We are able to finish the experiment ._____________

______________________________________________________________

10. We are to finish the experiment ._____________

______________________________________________________________

11. We were to finish the experiment ._____________

_____________________________________________________________

12. The students had to write five tests month.________

______________________________________________________________

Упр. 41. Вставьте модальные глаголы must, can, may, have to, should, need, needn`t, be to, ought to в соответствии с требующимся значением:

1. Mark knows French well. He translate this article. (может)

2. Alex will have an exam tomorrow. He reread all the lectures. (придется)

3. I am busy, I go to the theatre today. (не могу)

4. There is no ink in my pen. I take your pen? (можно)

5. Students study hard to pass the examination well. (должны)

6. She lives far from the office and she get up early. (приходится)

7. Must we discuss this question now? – No, we . ( не нужно)

We discuss it tomorrow. (можем)

8. On Mondays we come to the institute at 9. ( должны по расписанию)

9. Your friend doesn`t know the material well. You help him to learn it. (следует)

10. you speak Spanish? – No, unfortunately I .(умеешь)

12. At what time you come to school? ( должны по расписанию)

13. You not smoke here. (нельзя)

14. I take your book? – I am afraid not: I need it. (можно)

Упр. 42. Измените предложение по временам (настоящее, прошедшее, будущее) и переведите предложения.

Подчеркните составное модальное сказуемое.

1. He has to learn the new words regularly.( настоящее)

___________________________________________________________

(Прош.)______________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________

(буд.)______________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________

2. He can continue his studies at the evening department.(наст.)

(прош.)_____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________

(буд.)_______________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________

3. We are to pass the examination in physics this week.( )

____________________________________________________________

(прош.)______________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________

4. The students are allowed to use dictionaries.( )

____________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________

5. He is able to translate this text himself.( )

_____________________________________________________________

(прош.)_______________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________

(буд.)________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________